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Digital 1

The document discusses various numbering systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, explaining their bases and positional values. It details the conversion processes between these systems and includes operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary. Additionally, it touches on logic gates, specifically the NOT gate, with examples of inputs.

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4 views

Digital 1

The document discusses various numbering systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, explaining their bases and positional values. It details the conversion processes between these systems and includes operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary. Additionally, it touches on logic gates, specifically the NOT gate, with examples of inputs.

Uploaded by

أياام زمان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Circuits and

Systems
Associate prof. Heba A. Khattab
Faculty of Engineering
Numbering Systems
Types of Number System
Decimal System
Binary Number System
 Octal Number System
 Hexadecimal Number System
Number System
Number
It is a symbol representing a unit or quantity.

Radix
The base or radix of number system
determines how many numerical digits the
number system uses.
(Y)X
Types of Number System
Decimal Number System
It is widely used and is based on the ten fingers
of a human being.
It makes use of ten numeric symbols
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Positional Value
The positional value of a numeric symbol is directly
related to the base of a system.
• In the case of decimal system, each position has a
value of 10 times greater that the position to its right.
Example: 423,
the symbol 3 represents the ones (units), the symbol 2
represents the tens position (10 x 1), and the symbol
4 represents the hundreds position (10 x 10).
In other words, each symbol move to the left represents
an increase in the value of the position by a factor of
ten.
Positional Value
2539
= 2X1000 + 5X100 + 3X10 + 9X1
= 2X10^3 + 5X10^2 + 3X10^1 + 9 x10^0
This means that positional value of symbol 2 is
1000 or using the base 10 it is 10^3
Decimal Number System
Positional Value
Most computers count in binary, which we can
easily understand from the decimal so ingrained
in us
Works for Fractional Numbers too
Binary Number System
Binary Number System
Uses only two numeric symbols 1 and 0
• Under the binary system, each position has a
value 2 times greater than the position to the
right.
Conversion from binary system to
decimal system
Binary Number System

Convert from binary to decimal


10 - 101 - 101011
Conversion from binary system to
decimal system
)11011)2 =
Conversion from binary system to
decimal system
Works for Fractional Numbers too

Binary sign instead of decimal point


Conversion from binary system to
decimal system

Convert from binary to decimal


Binary Number System
Binary is exactly the same, only instead of ten
digits/states (0 to 9) we have just two, so the
base becomes 2:
Conversion from decimal system to
binary system
Conversion from decimal system to
binary system
Convert (12)10 to binary
Conversion from decimal system to
binary system
Convert (41)10 to binary
Conversion from decimal system to
binary system
Convert (0.3125)10 to binary
Convert 0.375 to its binary
equivalent
Conversion from decimal system to
binary system
Convert (0.6875)10 to binary
Operations in binary system
Binary Addition
Binary Addition
Binary Addition

Add the three binary numbers


Binary Subtraction
Binary Subtraction
Binary Multiplication
Binary Multiplication
Binary Division
Binary Division
1110 / 10 •
Octal Number System
Octal Number System
Octal number system is using 8 digits to
represent numbers.
The highest value = 7.
Each column represents a power of 8.
Octal numbers are represented with the suffix 8.
Conversion from octal to decimal
system
Convert (235)8 to its decimal
Conversion from decimal system to
octal

Convert (157)10 to octal system

(157)10 = (235)8
Octal Number System
Octal Number System
Conversion from octal to decimal
system
Conversion from octal to binary
system
Convert (1345)8 to its binary
Hexadecimal Number System
Provides another convenient and simple method
for expressing values represented by binary
numerals.
• It uses a base, or radix, of 16 and the place
values are the powers of 16.
Hexadecimal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Conversion from decimal to
hexadecimal
Convert (323)10 to hexadecimal
Radix Conversion
The process of conversing a base to another.
To convert a decimal number to any other
number system, divide the decimal number by
the base of the destination number system.
Repeat the process until the quotient becomes
zero.
And note down the remainders in the reverse
order.
To convert from any other number system to
decimal, take the positional value, multiply by
the digit and add.
Radix Conversion
Radix Conversion
Works for Fractional Numbers too
Works for Fractional Numbers too
Fast Conversions
Fast Conversions

Convert to binary system


(4F2)16 - (1A49)16
Convert (124) to all systems
10
Logic Gates
NOT gate
NOT gate
• Find the output of not gate if the input is
x1 = 110001
x2 = 10001111
x3 = 101100111000

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