1.

a) Student Database Table with Constraints

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Student (

student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

marks INT CHECK (marks BETWEEN 0 AND 100)

);

DML:

-- Insert rows

INSERT INTO Student (student_id, name, marks) VALUES

(1, 'Alice', 85),

(2, 'Bob', 28),

(3, 'Charlie', 45);

-- Update a row

UPDATE Student SET marks = 35 WHERE student_id = 2;

-- Delete a row

DELETE FROM Student WHERE student_id = 3;

1. b) PL/SQL Program for Moderation Strategy

Note: MySQL does not support PL/SQL natively. However, similar functionality can be achieved using stored
procedures.

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE ApplyModeration()

BEGIN

UPDATE Student

SET marks = marks + 5

WHERE marks > 30;

END //

DELIMITER ;
-- Execute the procedure

CALL ApplyModeration();

2. a) Bus Reservation Database with Foreign Key Constraints

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Bus (

bus_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

bus_number VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

capacity INT NOT NULL

);

CREATE TABLE Passenger (

passenger_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

contact_info VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Reservation (

reservation_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

bus_id INT,

passenger_id INT,

reservation_date DATE,

FOREIGN KEY (bus_id) REFERENCES Bus(bus_id),

FOREIGN KEY (passenger_id) REFERENCES Passenger(passenger_id)

);

2. b) Triggers for Reservation and Cancellation

DELIMITER //

CREATE TRIGGER AfterReservation

AFTER INSERT ON Reservation

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

INSERT INTO ReservationLog (reservation_id, action, action_date)

END //

CREATE TRIGGER AfterCancellation

AFTER DELETE ON Reservation

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

INSERT INTO ReservationLog (reservation_id, action, action_date)

VALUES (OLD.reservation_id, 'Reservation Cancelled', NOW());

END //

DELIMITER ;

-- Ensure the ReservationLog table exists

CREATE TABLE ReservationLog (

log_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

reservation_id INT,

action VARCHAR(50),

action_date DATETIME

);

3. a) Query for Books Related to "Machine Learning"

SELECT * FROM Books

WHERE title LIKE '%Machine Learning%';

3. b) Procedure to Update Book Details After Purchase

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateBookDetails(

IN book_id INT,

IN additional_copies INT

BEGIN

UPDATE Books
 SET copies_available = copies_available + additional_copies

WHERE id = book_id;

END //

DELIMITER ;

-- Execute the procedure

CALL UpdateBookDetails(1, 10);

4. a) Product, Sales, and Purchase Tables

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Product (

product_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),

price DECIMAL(10,2)

);

CREATE TABLE Sales (

sale_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

product_id INT,

quantity INT,

sale_date DATE,

FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES Product(product_id)

);

CREATE TABLE Purchase (

purchase_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

product_id INT,

quantity INT,

purchase_date DATE,

FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES Product(product_id)

);
4. b) Procedure to Add 20 Records to Each Table

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE AddSampleRecords()

BEGIN

DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;

WHILE i <= 20 DO

INSERT INTO Product (product_id, name, price)

VALUES (i, CONCAT('Product', i), i * 10);

INSERT INTO Sales (sale_id, product_id, quantity, sale_date)

VALUES (i, i, i * 2, CURDATE());

INSERT INTO Purchase (purchase_id, product_id, quantity, purchase_date)

VALUES (i, i, i * 3, CURDATE());

SET i = i + 1;

END WHILE;

END //

DELIMITER ;

-- Execute the procedure

CALL AddSampleRecords();

5. a) Employee, Salary, and Department Tables with Aggregations

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Department (

dept_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

dept_name VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Employee_Personal (

name VARCHAR(100),

dept_id INT,

FOREIGN KEY (dept_id) REFERENCES Department(dept_id)

);

CREATE TABLE Salary (

emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

salary DECIMAL(10,2),

FOREIGN KEY (emp_id) REFERENCES Employee_Personal(emp_id)

);

Aggregations:

SELECT

MIN(salary) AS MinSalary,

MAX(salary) AS MaxSalary,

SUM(salary) AS TotalSalary,

AVG(salary) AS AvgSalary

FROM Salary;

5. b) Function to Update Salary with Incentives

DELIMITER //

CREATE FUNCTION UpdateSalaryWithIncentive(empId INT, incentive DECIMAL(10,2))

RETURNS DECIMAL(10,2)

DETERMINISTIC

BEGIN

DECLARE new_salary DECIMAL(10,2);

UPDATE Salary

SET salary = salary + incentive

WHERE emp_id = empId;

SELECT salary INTO new_salary FROM Salary WHERE emp_id = empId;

RETURN new_salary;

END //
DELIMITER ;

-- Use the function

SELECT UpdateSalaryWithIncentive(1, 500.00);

6. a) Online Shopping Database and Subqueries

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Items (

item_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),

price DECIMAL(10,2),

stock INT

);

CREATE TABLE Customers (

customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Purchases (

purchase_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

customer_id INT,

item_id INT,

quantity INT,

purchase_date DATE,

FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES Customers(customer_id),

FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES Items(item_id)

);

Subquery to Display Purchased Items:

SELECT * FROM Items

WHERE item_id IN (

SELECT item_id FROM Purchases WHERE customer_id = 1

);
6. b) Triggers to Display Available Items Before and After Purchase

DELIMITER //

CREATE TRIGGER BeforePurchase

BEFORE INSERT ON Purchases

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

DECLARE available_stock INT;

SELECT stock INTO available_stock FROM Items WHERE item_id = NEW.item_id;

IF available_stock < NEW.quantity THEN

SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = 'Insufficient stock';

END IF;

END //

CREATE TRIGGER AfterPurchase

AFTER INSERT ON Purchases

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

UPDATE Items

SET stock = stock - NEW.quantity

WHERE item_id = NEW.item_id;

END //

DELIMITER ;

7. a) Wedding Hall Reservation Database and Join Operation

DDL:

CREATE TABLE WeddingHall (

hall_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

hall_name VARCHAR(100),

location VARCHAR(100)

);
CREATE TABLE Customer (

customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Booking (

booking_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

hall_id INT,

customer_id INT,

booking_date DATE,

FOREIGN KEY (hall_id) REFERENCES WeddingHall(hall_id),

FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES Customer(customer_id)

);

Join Query:

SELECT b.booking_id, c.name AS customer_name, w.hall_name, b.booking_date

FROM Booking b

JOIN Customer c ON b.customer_id = c.customer_id

JOIN WeddingHall w ON b.hall_id = w.hall_id;

7. b) Procedure to Apply Booking Reduction

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE ApplyBookingDiscount(IN bookingId INT, IN discount DECIMAL(10,2))

BEGIN

UPDATE Booking

SET total_amount = total_amount - discount

WHERE booking_id = bookingId;

END //

DELIMITER ;

-- Ensure the Booking table has a 'total_amount' column

ALTER TABLE Booking ADD COLUMN total_amount DECIMAL(10,2);

CALL ApplyBookingDiscount(1, 500.00);

8. a) Car Manufacturing Database with HAVING Clause

DDL:

CREATE TABLE CarModel (

model_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

model_name VARCHAR(100),

price DECIMAL(10,2)

);

Query Using HAVING Clause:

SELECT model_name, COUNT(*) AS count

FROM CarModel

GROUP BY model_name

HAVING AVG(price) > 20000;

8. b) Procedure to Insert and Update Car Records

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE InsertOrUpdateCar(

IN modelId INT,

IN modelName VARCHAR(100),

IN modelPrice DECIMAL(10,2)

BEGIN

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM CarModel WHERE model_id = modelId) THEN

UPDATE CarModel

SET model_name = modelName, price = modelPrice

WHERE model_id = modelId;

ELSE

INSERT INTO CarModel (model_id, model_name, price)

VALUES (modelId, modelName, modelPrice);

END IF;

END //
DELIMITER ;

-- Execute the procedure

CALL InsertOrUpdateCar(1, 'Sedan X', 25000.00);

9. a) Student and Course Tables with Join Operations

DDL:

CREATE TABLE Student (

student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Course (

course_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

course_name VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Enrollment (

student_id INT,

course_id INT,

PRIMARY KEY (student_id, course_id),

FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES Student(student_id),

FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES Course(course_id)

);

**

9. b) Procedure to Display Day Name Based on Day Number

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE GetDayName(IN day_num INT, OUT day_name VARCHAR(20))

BEGIN

CASE day_num
 WHEN 1 THEN SET day_name = 'Sunday';

WHEN 2 THEN SET day_name = 'Monday';

WHEN 3 THEN SET day_name = 'Tuesday';

WHEN 4 THEN SET day_name = 'Wednesday';

WHEN 5 THEN SET day_name = 'Thursday';

WHEN 6 THEN SET day_name = 'Friday';

WHEN 7 THEN SET day_name = 'Saturday';

ELSE SET day_name = 'Invalid Day Number';

END CASE;

END //

DELIMITER ;

-- Example usage:

CALL GetDayName(3, @output);

SELECT @output;

10. a) DCL Commands for User Privileges

Granting privileges:

-- Allow user1 to create, insert, update, and delete

GRANT CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON your_database.* TO 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password1';

-- Disallow DELETE only for user2 (REVOKE)

REVOKE DELETE ON your_database.* FROM 'user2'@'localhost';

10. b) Create XML-like Structure for Online Quiz and Results

MySQL doesn't support native XML databases, but XML data can be stored in a column.

CREATE TABLE OnlineQuiz (

quiz_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

quiz_title VARCHAR(100),

quiz_content TEXT

);

INSERT INTO OnlineQuiz (quiz_id, quiz_title, quiz_content)

1,

'General Knowledge Quiz',

'<?xml version="1.0"?>

<quiz>

<question>

<text>What is the capital of France?</text>

<option>Paris</option>

<option>Berlin</option>

</question>

<result>Passed</result>

</quiz>'

);

To extract or manipulate XML, consider using application logic or MySQL JSON fields instead.

11. a) Complex Transaction and Use of TCL Commands

START TRANSACTION;

-- Sample complex transaction

INSERT INTO Customer (customer_id, name) VALUES (101, 'John Doe');

INSERT INTO Purchases (purchase_id, customer_id, item_id, quantity, purchase_date)

VALUES (201, 101, 1, 2, CURDATE());

-- Suppose something goes wrong here

-- ROLLBACK; -- if error

COMMIT; -- if everything works fine

TCL Commands in MySQL:

 START TRANSACTION

 COMMIT

 ROLLBACK

 SAVEPOINT (optional intermediate checkpoints)

11b) Create Document, column and graph based data using NOSQL database tools.
 1. Document-Based Data (e.g., Product Catalog)

Each document in a collection can have a flexible schema.

use CompanyDB

db.ProductCatalog.insertOne({

_id: 1,

name: "Laptop",

brand: "Dell",

price: 65000,

specs: {

RAM: "16GB",

Storage: "512GB SSD",

Processor: "Intel i7"

},

tags: ["electronics", "portable", "new"]

});

2. Column-Based Data (Simulated in MongoDB)

db.Metrics.insertOne({

user_id: 1001,

metric_1: 10,

metric_2: 45,

metric_3: 78,

metric_4: 12,

metric_5: 99

});

3. Graph-Based Data (Using Adjacency List Model)

db.Graph.insertMany([

{ node: 1, connected_to: [2, 3] },

{ node: 2, connected_to: [4] },

{ node: 3, connected_to: [] },

{ node: 4, connected_to: [1] }

To find connections:

db.Graph.find({ node: 1 })

12. Develop GUI based application software for Hostel Management

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

import mysql.connector

def connect_db():

return mysql.connector.connect(

host="localhost",

user="root",

password="your_password", # Replace with your MySQL password

database="management_db"

def add_hostel_student(name, room):

if not name or not room:

messagebox.showerror("Error", "All fields are required")

return

try:

conn = connect_db()

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO hostel_students (name, room_number) VALUES (%s, %s)", (name, room))

conn.commit()

conn.close()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"{name} assigned to Room {room}")

except Exception as e:

messagebox.showerror("Database Error", str(e))

def show_hostel_menu():

top = tk.Toplevel()

top.title("Hostel Management")
 tk.Label(top, text="Student Name").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

name = tk.Entry(top)

name.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Label(top, text="Room Number").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

room = tk.Entry(top)

room.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Button(top, text="Register", command=lambda: add_hostel_student(name.get(), room.get())).grid(row=2,

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("Hostel Management System")

tk.Button(root, text="Open Hostel Management", command=show_hostel_menu, width=30).pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

13. Develop the application for an EMart Grocery Shop.

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

import mysql.connector

def connect_db():

return mysql.connector.connect(

host="localhost",

user="root",

password="your_password",

database="management_db"

def add_grocery_item(item, qty):

if not item or not qty.isdigit():

messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter valid item and quantity")

try:

conn = connect_db()

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO grocery_cart (item, quantity) VALUES (%s, %s)", (item, int(qty)))

conn.commit()

conn.close()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"{qty} x {item} added to cart")

except Exception as e:

messagebox.showerror("Database Error", str(e))

def show_grocery_menu():

top = tk.Toplevel()

top.title("EMart Grocery Shop")

tk.Label(top, text="Item").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

item = tk.Entry(top)

item.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Label(top, text="Quantity").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

qty = tk.Entry(top)

qty.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Button(top, text="Add to Cart", command=lambda: add_grocery_item(item.get(), qty.get())).grid(row=2,

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("EMart Grocery System")

tk.Button(root, text="Open Grocery Shop", command=show_grocery_menu, width=30).pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

14. Create software for property management in eMall.

from tkinter import messagebox

import mysql.connector

def connect_db():

return mysql.connector.connect(

host="localhost",

user="root",

password="your_password",

database="management_db"

def add_property(name, price):

if not name or not price.isdigit():

messagebox.showerror("Error", "Enter valid property name and numeric price")

return

try:

conn = connect_db()

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO properties (property_name, price) VALUES (%s, %s)", (name, int(price)))

conn.commit()

conn.close()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"{name} listed for ₹{price}")

except Exception as e:

messagebox.showerror("Database Error", str(e))

def show_property_menu():

top = tk.Toplevel()

top.title("eMall Property Management")

tk.Label(top, text="Property Name").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

name = tk.Entry(top)

name.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

price = tk.Entry(top)

price.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Button(top, text="List Property", command=lambda: add_property(name.get(), price.get())).grid(row=2,

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("eMall Property System")

tk.Button(root, text="Open Property Management", command=show_property_menu, width=30).pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()

15. Create software for tourism management systems.

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

import mysql.connector

def connect_db():

return mysql.connector.connect(

host="localhost",

user="root",

password="your_password",

database="management_db"

def book_trip(tourist, destination):

if not tourist or not destination:

messagebox.showerror("Error", "All fields are required")

return

try:

conn = connect_db()

cursor = conn.cursor()
 cursor.execute("INSERT INTO bookings (tourist_name, destination) VALUES (%s, %s)", (tourist, destination))

conn.commit()

conn.close()

messagebox.showinfo("Booked", f"Trip booked for {tourist} to {destination}")

except Exception as e:

messagebox.showerror("Database Error", str(e))

def show_tourism_menu():

top = tk.Toplevel()

top.title("Tourism Management")

tk.Label(top, text="Tourist Name").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

tourist = tk.Entry(top)

tourist.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Label(top, text="Destination").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)

destination = tk.Entry(top)

destination.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)

tk.Button(top, text="Book Trip", command=lambda: book_trip(tourist.get(), destination.get())).grid(row=2,

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("Tourism Management System")

tk.Button(root, text="Open Tourism Management", command=show_tourism_menu, width=30).pack(pady=20)

root.mainloop()