3.

ROBOTICS
Robotics
A branch of Engineering and science that deals with the design,
construction, operation, and use of robotics.
Components of Robotics
1. Mechanical Structure: The physical body of the robot, includes joints,
frames, wheels, arms or legs. Represents the robot moves and interacts with
the environment.
2. Actuators: Devices that convert energy into motion that. Control movement
of the robot’s parts.
3. Sensors: Provide information about the robot’s environment or its own
condition.
Ex: vision sensors, temperature, pressure and force sensors.
4. Control System: Manages data from sensors and sends commands to
actuators.
Ex: Microcontrollers, Embedded systems.
5. Power Supply: Provides energy for all components, sources include
Batteries, solar power.
6. Programming / Software: Algorithms and code that control behavior, that
includes Path planning, Motion control, AI & ML .
7. Communication System: Enables interaction between robot components or
with external devices like Wi – Fi / Bluetooth, RF modules, Wired
connections.
Types of Robots
 Industrial Robots: Used for manufacturing, assembly, welding, painting etc.
 Service Robots: Assist humans in non – industrial settings like homes,
hospitals, or public spaces. For example, Vacuum robots, surgical robots
and Delivery robots.
 Mobile Robots: Can move and navigate in their environment. For example
Wheeled robots, Legged robots.
 Humanoid Robots: Designed to resemble the human body like capable or
walking, talking or mimic like humans.
  Collaborative Robots: works along with humans in a shared space.
 Autonomous Robots: Operate independently using sensors, AI, and real –
time data.
 Teleoperated Robots: Controlled remotely by humans. For example Bomb
disposal robots, remote surgery systems.
Difference between Robotic and other AI
Feature Artificial Intelligence Robotics
Definition Simulation of human Design, construction,
intelligence in machines operation of robots
Primary Focus Algorithms, data Physical tasks
processing, decision automation, mechanical
making movement.
Components Machine Learning, Deep Sensors, actuators,
Learning, Natural control systems
Language Processing
Hardware Requirements Requires powerful Requires mechanical and
processors and large data electronic parts.
storage
Software Requirements Advanced algorithms, Firmware, control
software frameworks. software, embedded
systems.
Interactivity Interacts through Interacts physically
software interfaces through movement and
tasks.
Mobility Primarily non – mobiles, Can be mobile or
except in autonomous stationary.
systems
Autonomy level Can operate with high Varies from semi –
levels of autonomy autonomous to fully
autonomous.
Learning capability Can learn and adapt Limited learning
through data capability often pre –
programmed.
Implementation cost High due to complexity High due to mechanical
of algorithms and and electronic
processing power components.
Feature Artificial Intelligence Robotics
Use in Industries Widely used in tech, Widely used in
finance, healthcare manufacturing,
healthcare, logistics
Flexibility High, can be Often task – specific, less
reprogrammed for flexible.
various task
Human – like Behavior Simulates human
Simulates human physical actions and
decision – making and tasks.
learning.
Development tools Python Tensor Flow, CAD software,
PyTorch microcontrollers, robot
operating system (ROS)
Role in Automation Enhances software Enhances physical
automation through smart automation through
algorithms mechanical tasks.
Example Google Assistant, IBM Roomba, Industrial robot
Watson arms.