(eBook PDF) Elements of the Nature and

Properties of Soils 4th Edition download

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-elements-of-the-nature-
and-properties-of-soils-4th-edition/

Download full version ebook from https://ebookluna.com

 We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebookluna.com
to discover even more!

(eBook PDF) Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils (3rd Edition)

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-elements-of-the-nature-and-
properties-of-soils-3rd-edition/

(eBook PDF) The Nature and Properties of Soils 15th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-nature-and-properties-of-
soils-15th-edition/

(eBook PDF) The Nature and Properties of Soils,15th Global Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-nature-and-properties-of-
soils15th-global-edition/

(eBook PDF) Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health: The role of nature
in improving the health of a population

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-oxford-textbook-of-nature-and-
public-health-the-role-of-nature-in-improving-the-health-of-a-population/
(eBook PDF) The Elements of Reasoning 6th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-elements-of-reasoning-6th-
edition/

(eBook PDF) The Elements of Moral Philosophy 9th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-elements-of-moral-
philosophy-9th-edition/

(eBook PDF) The Core Elements of Value in Healthcare

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-core-elements-of-value-in-
healthcare/

(eBook PDF) Ecology: The Economy of Nature 8th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-ecology-the-economy-of-nature-8th-
edition/

(eBook PDF) Ecology: The Economy of Nature 7th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-ecology-the-economy-of-nature-7th-
edition/
 -
.. l

..

.. .,
- "". "'
~

- ..
••
..
. ;,, I

Nyle C. Brady
•

- ..
... ..
r II •
 ARIDISOLS l, ... ENTISOLS
·," I
-~- :;~
~.z.
-.::
•
..
--... • •
9' •

. -

-- •

.da'~ - v
- · - -..f'

'l)?'""'-R""-"~
DOMINANT SUBORDERS
J Argids Oyids J OO~INANT
Aquents
SUBORDERS
Orthents
. t ?-'"
-
•' J Calcids Durids • Arents n Psamments
,• Cambids • Gypsids D Salids Fluwntr.

ORDERS

•
GELISOLS
'
DOMINANT SUBORDERS
Histels
D Orthels
Turbe ls
.,.,

11in Dominant Soil Orders

Al.fl Al.fl:iOl.S (High N ulrien1 Soil e.)

""' D ANDISOLS (Volcanic Soile)

D ARIOOOL:i (De,,;er1 Sail"-)

au
D ENTl.<Ol.$ (N~, Sci I'S)

• GEUSOI.S (P1i1m1111rost Soils)

- Hf:.TOSt:>1.S (Org11nic Soils)

- - • IN,,,EPTIS"()t$ (You ng Solis)
HISTOSOLS
• MDWSOO (Praire Sella)

0)1;1.'iOI.$ (Trcpic~I FDl't''1 Soi l•)

n $N)D::)S0ts (C...n'4, F. . - !cit.)

D ULTI.'iOL~(Lo,..~u1 , .. n1 Satl•)
D ~'ERJroL<;(&ve llln9 Clay Sol l•)
t--- -
l t-~
• ROC KY LAN D

"I· ,- - - - ...\_ - - - -
D 11."E
-
l ..
...,,.,,

-
-·-,-
0
-- -- -
0 200 400 600 800 1000
-
K:ILOMETERS
- •
t
DOMINANT SUBORDERS
Albers Ecµal Area Projeclion PUERTO RJCq US. VIRCIN IS.

. .... .. I • Fibrists Saprists

. c.:-?,,-
-
Scale: 1:7,500.000
USDA Nai.J ral Reaouroes Col16ervad on Service,
Natioiw Soil Su rwy C«1tet, Lincoln. NE USA
~ .,:
.. Folists
.- .
O Hemists
•

MOLLISOLS .,. INCEPTISOLS

5. V.I.
~
·\ '
X-,•

'
I • 1
I I
I

..•
- ~

-'\

••
- --
\
,. ·, -
-!S'....:i '
.. • •
•
,,
•

~f\
,
I

.,. .. (,.
•

DOMINANT SUBORDERS
. e:::,..:-
• Albolls • Rendolls - DOMINANT SUBORDERS
Anthrepts Udepts -
• $,,ii.P,' •

Aquolls Udolls CJ Aq uepts Ustepts

• Cl)Olls Ustolls Xerolls '\•
. . ---.....- • C~pts L Xerepts
 Brie ~ontents

The Soils Around Us 1 Soil Acidity, Alkalinity, Salinity,

and Sodicity 312

Formation of Soils from Parent

Materials 29 Organisms and Ecology of the
Soil 369

Soil Classification 72
Soil Organic Matter 419

Soil Architecture and Physical

Properties 117 Nutrient Cycles and Soil
Fertility 466

Soil Water: Characteristics and

Behavior 164 Practical Nutrient Management 548

Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle 197 Soil Erosion and Its Control 606

Soil Aeration and Temperature 239 Soils and Chemical Pollution 652

The Colloidal Fraction: Seat of Soil

Chemical and Physical Activity 275

•• •
V 111
"'"""""ontents
Preface xxi
.
About the Authors XXIV

The Soils Around Us 1 Formation of Soils from Parent

1.1 What Ecosystem Services Do Soils Perform? 2 Materials 29
1.2 How Do Soils Support Plant Growth? 3 2.1 Weathering of Rocks and Minerals 29
1.3 How Do Soils Regulate Water Supplies? 6 Characteristics of Rocks and Minerals 30
1.4 How Do Soils Recycle Raw Materials? 7 Weathering: A General Case 32
1.5 How Do Soils Modify the Atmosphere? 7 Physical Weathering (Disintegration) 33
1.6 What Lives in the Soil Habitat? 7 Biogeochemical Weathering 34
1. 7 How are Soils Used in Building and 2.2 What Environmental Factors Influence Soil
Engineering? 9 Formation? 36
1.8 The Pedosphere and the Critical Zone? 10 2.3 Parent Materials 36
1.9 Soils as Natural Bodies 11 Classification of Parent Materials 37
1.10 The Soil Profile and Its Layers (Horizons) 13 Residual Parent Material 37
1.11 How Does Topsoil Differ from Subsoil? 15 Colluvial Debris 38
1.12 Soil-Interface of Air, Minerals, Water, and Alluvial Stream Deposits 39
Life 17 Coastal Sediments 41
1.13 What Are the Mineral (Inorganic) Constituents Parent Materials Transported by Glacial Ice and
of Soils? 17 Meltwaters 42
Soil Texture 18 Parent Materials Transported by Wind 43
Soil Minerals 18 Organic Deposits 44
Soil Structure 19 2.4 How Does Climate Affect Soil Formation? 47
1.14 What Is Soil Organic Matter Like? 19 Effective Precipitation 48
1.15 Why Is Soil Water So Dynamic and Temperature 48
Complex? 21
2.5 How Do Living Organisms (Including People)
Soil Solution 21 Affect Soil Formation? 49
1.16 Soil Air: A Changing Mixture of Gases 21 Role of Natural Vegetation 50
1.17 How Do Soil Components Interact to Supply Role of Animals 51
Nutrients to Plants? 22
2.6 How Does Topography Affect Soil Formation? 53
Essential Element Availability 22
2. 7 How Does Time Affect Soil Formation 55
1.18 How Do Plant Roots Obtain Nutrients? 24
2.8 Four Basic Processes of Soil Formation 58
1.19 Soil Health, Degradation, and Resilience 25
Soil-Forming Processes in Action: A Simplified
Soil Quality and Health 26 Example 60
Soil Degradation and Resilience 26 2. 9 The Soil Profile 62
1.20 Conclusion 27 The Master Horizons and Layers 62
Study Questions 27 Subdivisions Within Master Horizons 64
Re fe rences 28 Transition Horizons 65

•
IX
X CO NTE NTS

Subhorizon Distinctions 65 3.12 Mollisols (Dark, Soft Soils of Grasslands) 96

Horizons in a Given Profile 66 Distribution and Use 97
Soil Genesis in Nature 67 3.13 Alfisols (Argillic or Natric Horizon, Moderately
2.10 Urban Soils 67 Leached) 98

Pedological Properties Unique to Urban Soils 67 Distribution and Use 99

Physical Properties Unique to Urban Soils 68 3.14 Ultisols (Argillic Horizon, Highly Leached) 99

Chemical Properties Unique to Urban Soils 68 Distribution and Use 100

Biological Properties Unique to Urban Soils 69 3.15 Spodosols (Acid, Sandy, Forest Soils, Highly
Leached) 101
2.11 Conclusion 70
Distribution and Use 102
Study Questions 70
References 71 3.16 Oxisols (Oxic Horizon, Highly Weathered) 102
Distribution and Use 102
3.17 Lower-Level Categories in Soil Taxonomy 104
Suborders 104
Soil Moisture Regimes (SM Rs) 104
Soil Classification 72 Great Groups 104
3.1 Concept of Individual Soils 72 Subgroups 105
Pedon and Polypedon 73 Families 108
Groupings of Soil Individuals 74 Soil Temperature Regimes 108
3.2 Soil Taxonomy: A Comprehensive Classification Series 108
System 75 3.18 Mapping the Different Soils in a Landscape 111
Bases of Soil Classification 75 Soil Description 111
Diagnostic Surface Horizons of Mineral Soils 75 Delineating Soil Boundaries 112
Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons 75 Online Interactive Soil Survey 113
3.3 Categories and Nomenclature of Soil How to Use Web Soil Survey 113
Taxonomy 79
''There's an App for That'' 114
Nomenclature of Soil Taxonomy 79
3.19 Conclusion 115
3.4 Soil Orders 81
Study Questions 115
3.5 Entisols (Recent: Little If Any Profile References 116
Development) 83
Distribution and Use 83
3.6 lnceptisols (Few Diagnostic Features: Inception
of B Horizon) 85
Distribution and Use 86
Soil Architecture and Physical
3.7 Andisols (Volcanic Ash Soils) 86
Properties 117
Distribution and Use 87
4.1 Soil Color 117
3.8 Gelisols (Permafrost and Frost Churning) 87
Causes and Interpretation of Soil Colors 118
Distribution and Use 88
4.2 Soil Texture (Size Distribution of Soil
3.9 Histosols (Organic Soils Without Permafrost) 89 Particles) 120
Distribution and Use 91 Nature of Soil Separates 120
3.10 Aridisols (Dry Soils) 92 Influence of Surface Area on Other Soil
Distribution and Use 93 Properties 122
3.11 Vertisols (Dark, Swelling, and Cracking Clays) 94 4.3 Soil Textural Classes 123
Distribution and Use 95 Alteration of Soil Textural Class 124
 •
CONT E N T S XI

Determination of Textural Class by the "Feel" 4.10 Conclusion 161

Method 124 Study Questions 161
Laboratory Particle-Size Analyses 125 References 162
4.4 Structure of Mineral Soils 127
Types of Soil Structure 128
Description of Soil Structure in the Field 131
4.5 Formation and Stabilization of Soil
Aggregates 131 Soil Water: Characteristics
Hierarchical Organization of Soil and Behavior 164
Aggregates 131 5.1 Structure and Related Properties of
Factors Influencing Aggregate Formation and Water 165
Stability in Soils 132 Cohesion Versus Adhesion 166
Physical-Chemical Processes 132 Surface Tension 166
Biological Processes 134 5.2 Capillary Fundamentals and Soil Water 166
4.6 Tillage and Structural Management of Capillary Mechanism 166
Soils 137
Height of Rise in Soils 166
Tillage and Soil Tilth 137
5.3 Soil Water Energy Concepts 168
Conventional Tillage and Crop Production 138
Forces Affecting Potential Energy 168
Conservation Tillage and Soil Tilth 139
Soil Water Potential 168
Soil Crusting 139
Gravitational Potential 169
Soil Conditioners 140
Pressure Potential (Including Hydrostatic and
General Guidelines for Managing Soil Tilth 140 Matric Potentials) 169
4. 7 Soil Density 141 Osmotic Potential 170
Particle Density 141 Units Used to Quantify Water Potentials 171
Bulk Density 141 Combined Potentials 171
Factors Affecting Bulk Density 141 5.4 Soil Water Content and Soil Water
Useful Density Figures 144 Potential 171
Management Practices Affecting Bulk Soil Water Versus Energy Curves 171
Density 145 Measurement of Soil Water Status 172
Influence of Bulk Density on Soil Strength and Volumetric Water Content 173
Root Growth 149
Measuring Soil Water Status 174
4.8 Pore Space of Mineral Soils 150
5.5 How Does Water Move in Soil? 177
Factors Influencing Total Pore Space 150
Saturated Flow Through Soils 177
Size of Pores 150
Factors Influencing the Hydraulic Conductivity
Cultivation and Pore Size 152 of Saturated Soils 179
4.9 Soil Properties Relevant to Engineering Unsaturated Flow in Soils 180
Uses 153
5.6 Infiltration and Percolation 181
Field Rating of Soil Consistence and
Infiltration 182
Consistency 153
Percolation 182
Soil Strength and Sudden Failure 154
Water Movement in Stratified Soils 183
Settlement-Gradual Compression 156
Water Movement in Stratified Soils 185
Expansive Soils 157
5.7 Qualitative Description of Soil Wetness 185
Atterberg Limits 157
Maximum Retentive Capacity 186
Unified Classification System for Soil
Materials 158 Field Capacity 186
 • •
X 11 CONTENTS

Permanent Wilting Percentage or Wilting 6.7 Enhancing Soil Drainage 220

Coefficient 187 Reasons for Enhancing Soil Drainage 220
Hygroscopic Coefficient 188 Surface Drainage Systems 222
5.8 Factors Affecting Amount of Plant-Available Subsurface (Internal) Drainage 222
Soil Water 189
6.8 Septic Tank Drain Fields 226
Water Content-Potential Relationship 189
Operation of a Septic System 227
Compaction Effects on Matric Potential,
Aeration, and Root Growth 190 Soil Properties Influencing Suitability for a
Septic Drain Field 228
Osmotic Potential 190
6. 9 Irrigation Principles and Practices 229
Soil Depth and Layering 190
Importance of Irrigation Today 230
5. 9 Mechanisms by Which Plants Are Supplied with
Water 193 Water-Use Efficiency 231

Rate of Capillary Movement 193 Surface Irrigation 232

Rate of Root Extension 193 Sprinkler Systems 233

Root Distribution 193 Microirrigation 235

Root-Soil Contact 194 6.10 Conclusion 236

Study Questions 237
5.10 Conclusion 194
References 238
Study Questions 195
References 196

Soil Aeration and Temperature 239

7 .1 Soil Aeration-The Process 239
Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle 197
Soil Aeration in the Field 240
6.1 The Global Hydrologic Cycle 198
Excess Moisture 240
Global Stocks of Water 198
Gaseous Interchange 240
The Hydrologic Cycle 198
7 .2 Means of Characterizing Soil Aeration 241
Water Balance Equation 199
Gaseous Composition of the Soil Air 241
6.2 Fate of Incoming Water 200
Air-Filled Porosity 242
Effects of Vegetation and Soils on Infiltration 200
7 .3 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Potential 242
6.3 The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
(SPAC) 205 Redox Reactions 242

Evapotranspiration 205 Role of Oxygen Gas 243

6.4 Control of ET 209 Other Electron Acceptors 243

Control of Transpiration 209 7 .4 Factors Affecting Soil Aeration and EH 245

Control of Surface Evaporation 211 Rates of Respiration in the Soil 245

6.5 Liquid Losses of Water from the Soil 213 Depth in the Soil Profile 245

Percolation and Leaching 213 Drainage of Excess Water 246

Percolation-Evaporation Balance 214 Small-Scale Soil Heterogeneity 246

6.6 Percolation and Groundwater 216 Seasonal Differences 247

Groundwater Resources 216 Effects of Vegetation 247

Shallow Groundwater 217 7 .5 Ecological Effects of Soil Aeration 247

Movement of Chemicals in the Drainage Effects on Organic Residue Degradation 247

Water 218 Oxidation-Reduction of Elements 248
Chemical Movement Through Macropores 218 Effects on Activities of Higher Plants 249
 • • •
CONTENTS X 111

7.6 Soil Aeration in Urban Landscapes 251 Adsorption of Water 277

Container-Grown Plants 251 Types of Soil Colloids 278
Tree and Lawn Management 252 8.2 Fundamentals of Layer Silicate Clay
7.7 Wetlands and Their Poorly Aerated Soils 253 Structure 279

Defining a Wetland 253 Tetrahedral and Octahedral Sheets 279

Wetland Hydrology 254 Source of Charges 281

Hydric Soils 255 8.3 Mineralogical Organization of Silicate Clays 281

Hydrophytic Vegetation 255 1 :1-Type Silicate Clays 281

Wetland Chemistry 257 Expanding 2:1-Type Silicate Clays 283

Constructed Wetlands 257 Nonexpanding 2:1 Silicate Minerals 285

7 .8 Processes Affected by Soil Temperature 259 8.4 Structural Characteristics of Nonsilicate

Colloids 286
Plant Processes 259
Iron and Aluminum Oxides 286
Microbial Processes 261
Humus 287
Freezing and Thawing 262
8.5 Genesis and Geographic Distribution of Soil
Permafrost 262 Colloids 288
Soil Heating by Fire 263 Genesis of Colloids 288
Contaminant Removal 263 Distribution of Clays by Geography and Soil
7.9 Absorption and Loss of Solar Energy 264 Order 289
Slope Angle and Aspect 265 8.6 Sources of Charges on Soil Colloids 290
7 .10 Thermal Properties of Soils 266 Constant Charges on Silicate Clays 290
Specific Heat of Soils 266 pH-Dependent Charges 291
Heat of Vaporization 267 8. 7 Adsorption of Cations and Anions 293
Thermal Conductivity of Soils 268 Outer- and Inner-Sphere Complexes 294
Variation with Time and Depth 269 8.8 Cation Exchange Reactions 295
7 .11 Soil Temperature Control 270 Principles Governing Cation Exchange
Organic Mulches and Plant-Residue Reactions 296
Management 270 8. 9 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 298
Plastic Mulches 271 Methods of Determining CEC 298
Moisture Control 272 Cation Exchange Capacities of Soils 300
7 .12 Conclusion 273 pH and Cation Exchange Capacity 301
Study Questions 273 8.10 Exchangeable Cations in Field Soils 302
References 273 Cation Saturation and Nutrient Availability 303
Influence of Complementary Cations 303
Effect of Type of Colloid 304
8.11 Anion Exchange 304
Inner-Sphere Complexes 304
The Colloidal Fraction: Seat of Soil Weathering and CEC/AEC Levels 305
Chemical and Physical Activity 275
8.12 Sorption of Organic Molecules to Soil
8.1 General Properties and Types of Soil Colloids 306
Colloids 276
Distribution Coefficients 307
Size 276
Binding of Biomolecules to Clay and Humus 308
Surface Area 276
8.13 Conclusion 309
Surface Charges 276 Study Questions 310
Adsorption of Cations and Anions 276 References 311
 •
XIV CONTENTS

9.10 Lowering Soil pH 343

Acid Organic Matter 343
Soil Acidity, Alkalinity, Salinity, Inorganic Chemicals 343
and Sodicity 312 9 .11 Development of Salt-Affected Soils 346
9 .1 What Processes Cause Soil Acidity and Accumulation of Salts in Nonirrigated Soils 346
Alkalinity? 313
Irrigation-Induced Salinity and Alkalinity 347
Acidifying Processes That Produce Hydrogen
Ions 314 9.12 Measuring Salinity and Sodicity 348

Alkalizing Processes That Consume Hydrogen Salinity 348

Ions or Produce Hydroxyl Ions 315 Sodium Status (Sodicity) 350
9.2 What Role Does Aluminum Play in Soil 9.13 Classes of Salt-Affected Soils 350
Acidity? 317 Saline Soils 350
9.3 Pools of Soil Acidity 318 Saline-Sodic Soils 352
Principal Pools of Soil Acidity 318 Sodic Soils 352
Cation Saturation Percentages 320 9.14 Physical Degradation in Soil-Sodic Soils 352
Acid (or Nonacid) Cation Saturation and pH 320 Slaking, Swelling, and Dispersion 353
9 .4 Buffering of pH in Soils 321 Two Causes of Soil Dispersion 353
Why Is Soil pH Buffering Important? 322 9.15 Biological Impacts of Salt-Affected Soils 354
9.5 How Can We Measure Soil pH? 323 How Salts Affect Plants 354
Potentiometric Methods 323 Selective Tolerance of Higher Plants to Saline
Variability in the Field 324 and Sodic Soils 355
9.6 How Do Humans Acidify Soils? 325 Salt Problems Not Related to Arid Climates 355
Nitrogen Fertilization 325 9.16 Water-Quality Considerations for Irrigation 356
Acid Deposition from the Atmosphere 326 9 .17 Reclamation of Saline Soils 358
Exposure of Potential Acid Sulfate Leaching Requirement (LR) 358
Materials 328 Management of Soil Salinity 359
9.7 How Does Soil pH Affect Living Things? 330 Some Limitations of the Leaching Requirement
Aluminum Toxicity 330 Approach 361
Manganese, Hydrogen, and Iron Toxicity to 9 .18 Reclamation of Saline-Sodic and Sodic Soils 362
Plants 331 Gypsum 362
Nutrient Availability to Plants 332 Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid 362
Microbial Effects 333 Physical Condition 363
Optimal pH Conditions for Plant Growth 333 Management of Reclaimed Soils 363
Soil pH and Organic Molecules 335 9 .19 Conclusion 364
9 .8 Raising Soil pH by Liming 336 Study Questions 366
Agricultural Liming Materials 336 References 367
How Do Liming Materials React to Raise Soil
pH? 337
Lime Requirement: How Much Lime Is Needed
to Do the Job? 338
How Lime Is Applied 340 Organisms and Ecology of the Soil 369
Special Liming Situations 340 10.1 The Diversity of Organisms in the Soil 370
9. 9 Ameliorating Acidity Without Lime 341 10.2 Organisms in Action 373
Using Gypsum 341 Trophic Levels and the Soil Food Web 373
Using Organic Matter 341 Sources of Energy and Carbon 373
 CONTENTS XV

Primary Producers 375 10.12 Beneficial Effects of Soil Organisms on Plant

Primary Consumers 375 Communities 406

Secondary Consumers 375 Soil Organic Matter Formation and Nutrient

Cycling 406
Tertiary Consumers 376
Breakdown of Toxic Compounds 406
Ecosystem Engineers 377
Inorganic Transformations 406
10.3 Abundance, Biomass, and Metabolic
Activity 378 Nitrogen Fixation 406

Comparative Organism Activity 378 Rhizobacteria 407

10.4 Earthworms 379 Plant Protection 407

Influence on Soil Fertility, Productivity, 10.13 Soil Organisms and Plant Damage 407
and Environmental Quality 380 Plant Pests and Parasites 408
Deleterious Effects of Earthworms 381 Plant Disease Control by Soil Management 408
Factors Affecting Earthworm Activity 382 Disease-Suppressive Soils 409
10.5 Ants and Termites 384 10.14 Ecological Relationships Among Soil
Ants 384 Organisms 412

Termites 384 Mutualistic Associations 412

10.6 Soil Microanimals 386 Biocrusts 412

Nematodes 386 Effects of Agricultural Practices on Soil

Organisms 413
Protozoa 388
10.15 Conclusion 415
Other Fascinating Soil Microcreatures 389
Study Questions 415
10.7 Plant Roots 390 References 416
Root Morphology 390
How Roots Alter Soil Conditions 391
Rhizosphere 391
Rhizodeposition 391
10.8 Soil Algae 393 Soil Organic Matter 419
10.9 Soil Fungi 393 11.1 The Global Carbon Cycle 419
Molds 394 Basic Processes 420
Mushroom Fungi 395 Carbon Sources 421
Activities of Fungi 395 11.2 Organic Decomposition in Soils 423
Mycorrhizae 397 Composition of Plant Residues 423
10.10 Soil Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea 400 Decomposition of Organic Compounds
in Aerobic Soils 424
Characteristics 400
Example of Organic Decay 425
Prokaryote Diversity in Soils 400
Production of Simple Inorganic Products 426
Sources of Energy 402
Decomposition in Anaerobic Soils 426
Importance of Prokaryotes 402
11.3 Factors Controlling Rates of Residue
Soil Actinomycetes 403
Decomposition and Mineralization 427
10.11 Conditions Affecting the Growth and Activity
Physical Factors Influencing Residue
of Soil Microorganisms 405
Quality 427
Organic Resources 405
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio of Organic Materials
Oxygen Requirements 405 and Soils 428
Moisture and Temperature 405 Influence of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio on Residue
Exchangeable Calcium and pH 405 Decomposition 429
 •
XV I CONTENTS

Examples of Inorganic Nitrogen Release 11.11 Composts and Composting 461

During Decay 430 11.12 Conclusion 463
Influence of Soil Ecology 431 Study Questions 464
Influence of Lignin and Polyphenol Content 431 References 464
11.4 Genesis and Nature of Soil Organic Matter
and Humus 432
Microbial Transformations 434
Examples of Biomolecules in Soil Organic
Matter 436
Colloid Characteristics of Humus 436
Nutrient Cycles and Soil Fertility 466
12.1 Nitrogen in the Soil System 467
Stability of Humus 438
Nitrogen and Plant Growth and
11.5 Influences of Organic Matter on Plant Growth
Development 46 7
and Soil Function 438
Distribution and Cycling of Nitrogen 468
Direct Influence of Humus on Plant Growth 438
Nitrogen Immobilization and
Allelochemical Effects 439
Mineralization 470
Influence of Organic Matter on Soil Properties
Ammonium Fixation by Clay Minerals 471
and Indirectly on Plants 440
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen 471
11.6 Amounts and Quality of Organic Matter in
Soils 442 Ammonia Volatilization 472
Labile Organic Matter 442 Nitrification 473
Protected or Stable Organic Matter Soil Conditions Affecting Nitrification 474
(Humus) 442 Gaseous Losses by Denitrification 475
Changes in Labile and Humus Pools with Soil Anammox 476
Management 443
Atmospheric Pollution and Greenhouse Gas
11.7 Carbon Balance in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Emissions 476
System 444
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation with Legumes 479
Agroecosystems 444
N Fixation in Nodule-Forming Nonlegumes 482
Natural Ecosystems 447
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Without
11.8 Environmental Factors Influencing Soil Nodules 483
Organic Carbon Levels 447
Nonsymbiotic Fixation by Heterotrophs 484
Differences Among Soil Orders 448
Fixation by Autotrophs 484
Influence of Climate 449
Nitrogen Deposition from the Atmosphere 484
Influence of Natural Vegetation 450
12.2 Sulfur in the Soil System 487
Effects of Texture and Drainage 450
Roles of Sulfur in Plants and Animals 487
11.9 Soil Organic Matter Management 451
Natural Sources of Sulfur in Soils 488
Influence of Agricultural Management and
Cycling of Sulfur in Soils 491
Tillage 451
Sulfur Retention and Exchange 494
Influence of Rotations, Residues, and Plant
Nutrients 452 Sulfur Fertility Maintenance 495
The Conundrum of Soil Organic Matter 12.3 Phosphorus in Plant Nutrition and Soil
Management 453 Fertility 496
General Guidelines for Managing Soil Organic Phosphorus and Plant Growth 496
Matter 453 The Phosphorus Problem in Soil Fertility and
11.10 Soils and Climate Change 454 Environmental Quality 497
Global Climate Change 454 The Phosphorus Cycle 498
Carbon Dioxide 455 Organic Phosphorus in Soils 501
 CON1' ENTS XVII

Inorganic Phosphorus in Soils 503

Phosphorus-Fixation Capacity of Soils 507
How Do Plants Obtain Adequate
13
Practical Nutrient Management 548
Phosphorus? 509 13.1 Goals of Nutrient Management 548
Management Strategies for Meeting Plant Plant Production 549
Phosphorus Needs in low· P Soils 510
Soil Health and Productivity 549
Management Strategies for Controlling Over-
CoMervation of Nutrient Resources 549
Enrichment of Soils and Water Pollution 512
Environmental Impa ct: Nutrient Budgets and
12.4 Potassium: Nature and Ecological Rol•s 514
Balances 550
Potassium in Plant and Animal Nutrition 514
13.2 Nutri•nts as Pollutants 551
The Potassium Cycle in Soil-Plant Systems 516
Nutrient Damage to Aquatic Ecosystems 551
The Potassium Problem in Soil Fertility 518
Nutrient Management Plans 552
Forms and Availability of Potassium in
Best Management Practices (BMPs) 554
Soils 518
Buffer Strips 554
Factors Affect.Ing Potassium Fixation in
Soils 520 Cover Crops for Nutrient Management 556
Some Practical Aspects of Potassium Conservation Tillage 559
Management 521 Combining Practices on the landscape 560
12.5 Calcium as an Esuntial Nutrient 522 13.3 Ecosystem Nutrient Cycl•s 560
Calcium in Plants 522 Nutrient Cycling in Grasslands 562
Soil Forms and Processes 523 13.4 Recycling Nutrients Through Animal
12.6 Magnesium as a Plant Nutrient 524 Manures 564
Magn•sium in Plants 524 Nutrient Composition of Animal Manures 564
Magne-sium in Soil 524 Concentrated Animal-Feeding Operations
(CAFOs) 564
Ratio of Calcium to Magnesium 525
Storage, T,..atment, and Manag &ment of Animal
12.7 Silicon in Soil-Plant Ecology 526
Manur•s 567
Silicon in Plants 526
Methods of Manure Application 569
Silicon in Soils 527
13.5 Industrial and Municipal By-Products 570
12.8 Micronutrients in the SoU-Plant System 528
Garbage and Yard Wastes 570
Deficiency Versus Toxicity 528
Food-Processing Wast•s 570
Micronutrient Cycles, Forms., and Reactions in
Wood Wastes 570
the Soil 532
Wastewater Treatment By.Products 571
Organic 534
Sewage Effluent 571
Influence of Soil pH 534
Sewage Sludge or Biosollds 572
Oxidation State 535
Integrated Recycling of Wastes 572
O rganic Matter and Clay 536
13.6 Practical Utilization of Organic Nutrient
Role of Mycorrhizae 537
Sourcff 573
Organic Chelating Agents 538
13.7 Inorganic Commercial Fertilizers 576
Soil Management and Trace El•ment Needs 539
Origin and Proc•ssing of Inorganic
Fertilizer Applications 540 Fertilizers 577
Fighting Micronutrient Hunger 540 Properties and Use of Inorganic Fertilizers 577
12.9 Conclusion 542 Fertilizer Grade 578
Study Questions 543 Fate of FertiUzer Nutrients 578
Refetences 545
The Concept of the Limiting Factor 581
 •• •
XVI 11 CONTENTS

13.8 Fertilizer Application Methods 581 14.3 Mechanics of Water Erosion 612
Broadcasting 581 Influence of Raindrops 612
Localized Placement 584 Transportation of Soil 613
Foliar Application 585 Types of Water Erosion 613
13.9 Timing of Nutrient Application 585 Deposition of Eroded Soil 613
Availability When the Plants Need It 585 14.4 Models to Predict Water-Induced
Environmentally Sensitive Periods 586 Erosion 614

Physiologically Appropriate Timing 586 The Universal Soil-Loss Equation (USLE) 615

Practical Field Limitations 586 The Revised Universal Soil-Loss Equation

(RUSLE) 616
13.10 Diagnostic Tools and Methods 586
14.5 Factors Affecting lnterrill and Rill
Plant Symptoms and Field Observations 587 Erosion 616
Plant Analysis 587 Rainfall Erosivity Factor, R 616
13.11 Soil Analysis 591 Soil Erodibility Factor, K 616
Sampling the Soil 591 Topographic Factor, LS 616
Chemical Analysis of the Sample 593 Cover and Management Factor, C 618
Interpreting the Results to Make a Support Practice Factor, P 619
Recommendation 594
14.6 Conservation Tillage 622
Merits of Soil Testing 595
Conservation Tillage Systems 624
13.12 Site-Index Approach to Phosphorus
Management 596 Adaptation by Farmers 625

Overenrichment of Soils 596 Erosion Control by Conservation Tillage 626

Transport of Phosphorus from Land to Effect on Soil Properties 627

Water 597 14.7 Vegetative Barriers 628
Phosphorus Soil Test Level as Indicator of 14.8 Control of Gully Erosion and Mass
Potential Losses 597 Wasting 629
Phosphorus Site Index 599 Remedial Treatment of Gullies 629
13.13 Some Advances and Challenges in Nitrogen Mass Wasting on Unstable Slopes 630
Management 599 14.9 Control of Accelerated Erosion on Range and
13.14 Conclusion 602 Forestland 631
Study Questions 603 Rangeland Problems 631
References 603 Erosion on Forestlands 631
Practices to Reduce Soil Loss Caused
by Timber Production 632
14.10 Erosion and Sediment Control on Construction
Sites 634
Soil Erosion and Its Control 606 Principles of Erosion Control on Construction
14.1 Significance of Soil Erosion and Land Sites 634
Degradation 607 Keeping the Disturbed Soil Covered 634
Land Degradation 607 Controlling the Runoff 636
Soil-Vegetation Interdependency 607 Trapping the Sediment 637
Geological Versus Accelerated Erosion 608 14.11 Wind Erosion: Importance and Factors
14.2 On-Site and Off-Site Impacts of Accelerated Affecting It 638
Soil Erosion 610 Mechanics of Wind Erosion 640
Types of On-Site Damages 610 Factors Affecting Wind Erosion 641
Types of Off-Site Damages 610
 •
CONTENTS XIX

14.12 Predicting and Controlling Wind 15.6 Soil Contamination with Toxic Inorganic
Erosion 641 Substances 674
Control of Wind Erosion 642 Sources of the Contaminants 674
14.13 Tillage Erosion 644 Accumulation in Soils 675
Movement of Soil by Tillage 644 Concentration in Living Tissues 675
Quantification of Tillage Erosion 645 Some Inorganic Contaminants and Their
14.14 Land Capability Classification and Progress in Reactions in Soils 6 78
Soil Conservation 647 15.7 Potential Hazards of Chemicals in Sewage
Conservation Management to Enhance Soil Sludge 678
Health 648 Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge 6 79
Finding Soil Conservation Win-Win 15.8 Prevention and Remediation of Inorganic Soil
Systems 648 Contamination 681
14.15 Summary and Conclusion 649 Reducing Soil Application 681
Study Questions 650 Immobilizing the Toxins 681
References 650 Bioremediation by Metal Hyperaccumulating
Plants 683
Management to Enhance Phytoremediation 684
15.9 Landfills 685
The Municipal Solid Waste Problem 685
Soils and Chemical Pollution 652 Two Basic Types of Landfill Design 686
15.1 Toxic Organic Chemicals 652
Natural Attenuation Landfills 686
Environmental Damage from Organic
Containment or Secured Landfills 688
Chemicals 653
Environmental Impacts of Landfills 688
The Nature of the Pesticide Problem 653
Land Use After Completion 690
15.2 Kinds of Organic Contaminants 657
15.10 Radionuclides in Soil 690
Industrial Organics 657
Radioactivity from Nuclear Fission 690
Pesticides 657
Nuclear Accident at Chernobyl 691
15.3 Behavior of Organic Chemicals in Soil 659
Nuclear Accident at Fukushima 692
Contamination of Groundwater 662
Radioactive Wastes 692
Chemical Reactions 662
15.11 Radon Gas from Soils 693
Microbial Metabolism 662
The Health Hazard 693
Plant Absorption and Breakdown 664
How Radon Accumulates in Buildings 693
Persistence in Soils 664
Radon Testing and Remediation 694
15.4 Effects of Pesticides on Soil Organisms 665
15.12 Conclusion 695
Fumigants 665
Study Q uestions 695
Effects on Soil Fauna 665 References 696
Effects on Soil Microorganisms 666
APPENDIX A . World Reference Base, Canadian, and
15.5 Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Australian Soil Classification Systems 698
Organic Chemicals 667
APPENDIX B. SI Units, Conversion Factors, Periodic
Physical and Chemical Methods 667
Table of the Elements, and Plant Names 703
Bioremediation 669
Glossary of Soil Science Terms 709
Phytoremediation 6 72
INDEX 728
 e

On November 24, 2015, soil science lost one of its giants. Nyle C. Brady passed
away at t he age of 95 . Dr. Brady was a global leader in soil science, in agriculture,
and in humanity. He was born in 1920 in the tiny rural town of Manassa, Colorado,
USA. He earned a BS degree in chemistry from Brigham Young University in 1941
and went on to complete his PhD in soil science at North Carolina State University
in 1947. Dr. Brady then served as a member of the faculty at Cornell University in
Ithaca, NY, USA, for 26 years, rising from assistant professor to professor and chair of
the agronomy department and finally to assistant dean of the College of Agriculture.
During this period, he was elected president of both the American Society of Agron-
omy and the Soil Science Society of America.
Soon after arriving at Cornell University, he was recruited by Professor
Harry 0. Buckman to assist in co-authoring the then already classic soil science
textbook, The Nature and Properties of Soils. The first edition of this textbook to
bear Nyle Brady's name as co-author was published in 1952. Under Nyle's hand,
this book rose to prominence throughout the world and several generations of soil
scientists got their introduction to the field through its pages. He was the sole
author of editions published between 1974 and 1990. He continued to work on
revised editions of this book with co-author Ray Weil until 2004.
Dr. Brady was of that generation of American soil scientists that contributed so
much to the original green revolution. He conducted research into the chemistry of
phosphorus and the management of fertilizers, and he was an early researcher on min-
imum tillage. Known for his active interest in international development and for his
administrative skills, he was recruited in 1973 to be the third Director General of the
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. Dr. Brady pioneered
new cooperative relationships between IRRI and the national agricultural research in-
stitutions in many Asian countries, including a breakthrough visit to China at a time
when that country was still quite closed to the outside world. He oversaw the transi-
tion to a second-generation of green revolution soil management and plant breeding
designed to overcome some of the shortcomings of the first generation.
After leaving IRRI, he served as senior assistant administrator for Science and
Technology at the U.S. Agency for International Development from 1981 to 1989.
He was a fierce champion of international scientific cooperation to promote sustain-
able resource use and agricultural development. During the 1990s Dr. Brady, then in
his 70s, served as senior international development consultant for the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and for the World Bank, in which capacity he
continued to promote scientific collaboration in advances in environmental steward-
ship and agricultural development.
Dr. Brady was always open-minded and ready to accept new truths supported
by scientific evidence, as can be seen by the evolution of the discussion of such top-
ics as pesticide use, fertilizer management, manure utilization, tillage, soil organic
matter, and soil acidity management in The Nature and Properties of Soils under his
guidance. Nyle Brady had a larger-than-life personality, a deep sense of empathy, and
an incredible understanding of how to work with people to get positive results. He
was the kind of person that friends, associates, and even strangers would go to for ad-
vice when they found themselves in a perplexing position as a scientist, administrator,
or even in their personal life. He will be very much missed for a long time to come by
his family and by all who knew him or were touched by his work.
xx
By opening this fourth edition of The Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils, you
are tapping into a narrative that has been at the forefront of soil science for more than a
century. The first version of the parent book from which this book has been abridged,
was published in 1909. It was largely a guide to good soil management for farmers in
the glaciated regions of New York State in the northeastern United States. Since then,
the books have evolved to provide a globally relevant framework for an integrated un-
derstanding of the diversity of soils, the soil system, and its role in the ecology of
planet Earth.
If you are a student reading this, you have chosen a truly auspicious time to take
up the study of soil science. Scientists and managers well versed in soil science are in
short supply and becoming increasingly sought after. Much of what you learn from
these pages will be of enormous practical value in equipping you to meet the many
natural-resource challenges of the twenty-first century. You will soon find that the soil
system provides many opportunities to see practical applications for principles from
such sciences as biology, chemistry, physics, and geology.
The importance of soils and soil science is increasingly recognized by business
and political leaders, by the scientific community, and by those who work with the
land. Soils are now widely recognized as the underpinning of terrestrial ecosystems and
the source of a wide range of essential ecosystem services. An understanding of the soil
system is therefore critical for the success and environmental harmony of almost any
human endeavor on the land.
This latest edition of Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils is the first to fea-
ture full color illustrations throughout. As is the case for its parent book, The Nature and
Properties of Soils, 15th edition, this newest edition of Elements of the Nature and Properties
of Soils strives to explain the fundamental principles of soil science in a manner that you
will find relevant to your interests. The text emphasizes the soil as a natural resource
and soils as ecosystems. It highlights the many interactions between soils and other
components of the larger forest, range, agricultural, wetland, and constructed ecosys-
tems. This book is designed to serve you well, whether you expect this to be your only
formal exposure to soil science or you are embarking on a comprehensive soil science ed-
ucation. It is meant to provide both an exciting, accessible introduction to the world of
soils and a reliable reference that you will want to keep for your professional bookshelf.
Every chapter has been thoroughly updated with the latest advances, concepts,
and applications. This edition includes new or updated discussions on soils and human
health, organic farming, engineering properties of soils, colloids and CEC, humus and
organic matter, the proton-balance approach to soil acidity, soil salinity and alkalinity,
irrigation techniques, soil food-web ecology, disease suppressive soils, soil archaea, soil
contamination and bioremediation, nutrient management, soil health, soil ecosystem
services, soil interactions with global climate change, and many other topics of current
interest in soil science. At the same time, this abridgement of the original book omits
or simplifies some of the more technical details, presents fewer chemical equations and
calculations, and focuses the text more clearly on the basics of soil science such that a
survey of the field is be accomplished in 15 instead of 20 chapters, comprising about
700 instead of nearly 1,100 pages.
If you are an instructor or a soil scientist, you will benefit from changes in this latest
edition. Most noticeable is the use of full-color throughout, which improves the new
and refined figures and illustrations to help make the study of soils more efficient,
engaging, and intellectually satisfying. Every topic, from soil classification to soil
•
XXI
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
[Scene ii.] Steevens. Actus Quintus. F1 Q F2 F3. Scene Quarta. F4.
Act v. Scene i. Rowe. Scene iv. Warburton. Scene iii. Capell.
... Petruchio, Katharina, Hortensio...] om. Ff Q. Enter ... Tranio's
servants bringing in a banquet. Rowe. Musick. A banquet set out.
Enter ... Tranio, Grumio, Biondello and others, attending. Capell.
[1-62] At last ... outright] Put in the margin as spurious by Pope.
[2] done] Rowe. come Ff Q. calm Malone conj. gone Collier (Collier
MS.).
[6] Katharina] Katharine Rowe.
[8] best] rest Anon conj.
[9] banquet] F3 F4. banket F1 Q F2.
[11] [Company sit to table. Capell.]
[14] nothing] no thing S. Walker conj.
[17] Wid.] F1 Q. Hor. F2 F3 F4.
[18] very] om. Steevens.
and yet] yet Anon conj.
[22-37] Thus I ... lad] Verses differently arranged in Capell.
[23] Conceives] Conceive Capell.
[27] meant] mean Anon conj.
[35] does] F1 Q. doe F2. do F3 F4.
[37] ha' to thee, lad] ha to the lad F1. ha to thee lad Q F2 F3 F4.
here's to thee, lad Collier MS.
[38] How likes] And how likes Capell. How liketh Anon. conj.
[39] they] they'ld Anon conj.
butt together well] butt heads together well Rowe (ed. 2). but heads
well together Capell.
[40] Head] How! head Capell.
[45] bitter] Capell (Theobald conj.). better Ff Q.
two] F3 F4. too F1 Q F2.
[47] your] my Q.
[Rising. Capell.
[48] [Exeunt B., K., and Widow.] Exit ... Rowe. [Exit B. Ff Q. [Exit.
Cat. and Wid. follow. Capell.
[49] [Filling. Capell.
[50] her] it Rowe.
[51] [Drinks. Capell.
[57] O ho] Capell. Oh, Oh Ff Q.
[60] A' has] A has Ff Q. He has Rowe.
[62] two] Rowe. too Ff Q.
[63] Scene x. Pope. Scene xii. Hanmer.
[65] therefore for] F2 F3 F4. therefore sir F1. therefore sir, Q.
for assurance] sir, as surance Staunton conj.
[66-69] Let's ...wager] Printed by Pope as three lines ending he ...
first ... wager.
[66] Let's] Please you, let's Capell.
wife] several wife Collier MS.
[68] at first] first Pope.
[69] which we will propose] omitted by Pope.
[70] What is the] Steevens. what's the Ff Q. what Pope. the Capell.
[72] of] on Rowe.
[75] begin?] begin, Lucentio? Anon. conj.
That will I.] That will I.—Here, where are you? Capell.
[78] I'll] Ile F1 Q F2. I'le F3 F4. I will Capell.
your half] Ff (your F4). you halfe Q.
[80] Sir] om. S. Walker conj.
[81, 82] she cannot] cannot F3 F4.
[82-88] How! ... come] Printed as prose in Ff Q.
[82] she is] Capell. she's Ff Q.
[85] better] a better S. Walker conj.
[88] must needs] needs must Steevens.
[93, 94] Worse ... endured] As two lines in Ff Q, ending come ...
indur'd.
[95] Sirrah] Here, sirrah Capell.
[96] come] to come F3 F4.
[97] She] That she Capell.
not] not come Steevens.
[98] there] there's Rowe.
[99] Katharina] Katharine Rowe.
Re-enter K.] Enter K. Ff Q (after line 98).
[105] them] then F2.
[106] of a wonder] of wonder S. Walker conj.
[109] An awful] And awful Rowe (ed. 2). And lawful Rawlinson conj.
[117] her obedience] her submission S. Walker conj.
[118] and obedience] of obedience Capell. and her gentleness or and
her patience Edd. conj.
[120] Re-enter K. with B. and Widow] Enter Kate, B. and Widdow. Ff
Q (after line 118).
[122] [She pulls off her cap, and throws it down. Rowe.
[128] Hath cost me an] Rowe. Hath cost me five Ff Q. Cost me an
Pope. Cost me a Capell. Hath cost one Singer (ed. 1). Cost me one
Collier MS.
[130, 131] Katharine ... husbands] Printed as prose in Ff Q; as verse
by Rowe (ed. 2).
[131] do owe] owe to F3 F4.
[132] you're] F3 F4. your F1 Q F2.
[133] begin with her] begin— Capell, ending the verse with shall not.
[136] threatening] thretaning F1. threating F2.
[139] do bite] F1 Q. bite F2 F3 F4.
[140] fame] frame Grey conj.
[145] one] a Rowe (ed. 2).
[157] she is] she's Pope.
[169] you] Ff Q. you'ar Rowe (ed. 1). you're Rowe (ed. 2).
[171] as] F1 Q. is F2 F3 F4.
[174] as] is Rowe.
[175] to be] om. Collier MS. indeed] om. Steevens.
[176-189] Then vail ... tamed so] Put in the margin as spurious by
Pope. See note (xxiii).
[181] Luc.] Bap. Capell conj.
[185] three] two Rowe.
[186] won] one Capell (corrected in note).
[To Lucentio.] Malone.
[187] [... and Katharina] ... and Kath. Rowe.
[189] be] om. Q.
 NOTES.
Note I.
Ind. The Folios and the Quarto have here Actus Primus. Scæna
Prima, making no separation between the play and the
Induction. The play is divided into Acts, but not into Scenes.
The second Act, however, is not marked in any of the old
copies. The arrangement which we have followed is that of
Steevens, which all subsequent editors have adopted, and which
is therefore the most convenient for purposes of reference.

Note II.
Ind. 1. 7. The phrase 'Go by, Jeronimy,' quoted from Kyd's
'Spanish Tragedy,' was used in popular 'slang,' derisively. It
occurs frequently in the dramatic literature of the time, for
example, in Beaumont and Fletcher's Captain, Act iii. Sc. 5. The
'S' of the Folios may have been derived from a note of
exclamation in the MS., written, as it is usually printed, like a
note of interrogation.

Note III.
Ind. 1. 62. Mr Lettsom's suggestion that a line has been lost
between 61 and 62 seems the most probable solution of the
difficulties presented by this passage in its present form.

Note IV.
Ind. 1. 86. 'Sincklo,' the stage direction of the first Folio, was the
name of an actor in Shakespeare's company, not mentioned in
the list of 'Principall Actors' at the beginning of the first Folio. He
was one of the actors in the Second Part of Henry IV., as
appears from the 4to. edition of that play, published in 1600,
where the stage direction to Act v. Scene 4 is, "Enter Sincklo
and three or foure officers," and the part taken by Sincklo is
that usually assigned to the 'Officer.' In the Third Part of Henry
VI. Act iii. Scene 1, the stage direction in the first Folio is, 'Enter
Sinklo, and Humfrey, with crosse-bowes in their hands.' Sinklo
also appears as an actor in the Induction to Marston's play of
The Malcontent. In the present play he probably took the part
of Lucentio.
In iii. 1. 80, 'Nicke.' is supposed by Steevens to mean Nicholas
Tooley, who at a later period became one of the 'Principall
Actors.'

Note V.
Ind. 1. 99. Pope inserts here the following speech from the old
play:

' 2 Player [to the other]. Go get a dishclout to make

clean your shoes, and I'll speak for the properties. [Exit
Player.] My lord, we must have a shoulder of mutton for a
property, and a little vinegar to make our devil roar.'

This insertion is repeated by all subsequent editors, till Capell

struck it out of the text and Steevens placed it in a note.

Note VI.
Ind. 2. 96. The following speeches are here inserted by Pope
from the same source:
 ' Sly. By th' mass I think I am a lord indeed.
What's thy name?

Man. Simon, an't please your honour.

Sly. Sim? that's as much as to say Simeon or Simon;

put forth
thy hand and fill the pot.'

Capell was the first to strike it out of the text.

Note VII.
Ind. 2. 110. Pope prefixed to Sly's speech the following words
from the old play, without giving any indication that they were
not Shakespeare's: 'Come sit down on my knee. Sim, drink to
her.' They are repeated in all subsequent editions, till Capell
restored the true text. After line 115, Pope again added, 'Sim,
drink to her.'

Note VIII.
i. 1. 32. The old play (Q) after the Induction, commences thus:

' Polidor. Welcome to Athens, my beloved friend, To

Plato's school and Aristotle's walks....'

but this affords us no hint as to the true reading of the passage

in question, whether 'checks' or 'ethics.' When Mr Halliwell
conjectured that we should read 'works' for 'walks,' he had not
observed that the allusion was to the gardens of the Lyceum,
the favourite haunt of the Peripatetics.

Note IX.
i.1. 57. We have often observed that as in this line and in iii. 1.
4, and Ind. 2. 110, the metre may be completed by pronouncing
the name of the speaker at the beginning. This is one indication
among many, of the haste with which parts of Shakespeare's
plays were thrown off.

Note X.
i. 2. 145. Considering the carelessness with which a plural
demonstrative pronoun was used with reference to a singular
noun and vice versa, we have not altered the reading of the old
editions in order to accommodate the construction to modern
rule. See note (iv) to Love's Labour's Lost.

Note XI.
i. 2. 259. The misprint in Rowe's second edition remained
uncorrected by Pope, Theobald, Hanmer, Warburton, and
Johnson. Capell in correcting the error made another by writing
'her' for 'the.' He printed his edition not from any former text,
but from a manuscript of his own writing.
Another instance of the facility with which a misprint which
makes sense escapes correction is found in ii. 1. 4, where 'put,'
a misprint for 'pull' in the Variorum of 1821, was retained by
many subsequent editors, Mr Collier, Mr Singer, &c.

Note XII.
i. 2. 278. Mr Grant White believes the whole of the foregoing
scene to be by some other hand than Shakespeare's. Coleridge
and Sidney Walker also held that large portions of the play were
not from the master's hand. It appears to us impossible to
discriminate, as in Henry the Eighth and The Two Noble
Kinsmen, what parts were due to Shakespeare and what to
another hand. The feeblest scenes of this play seem to have
been touched by him. The probability is that he worked, in this
case, not with, but after, another.

Note XIII.
ii. 1. 403. Pope inserts from the old play:

'[Sly speaks to one of the servants.

Sly. Sim, when will the fool come again?
Sim. Anon, my lord.
Sly. Give's some more drink here—where's the
tapster? here Sim, eat some of these things.
Sim. So I do, my lord.
Sly. Here Sim, I drink to thee.'

These lines were repeated by all subsequent editors down to

Capell, who inserted them at a different place. See note (xvi).

Note XIV.
iii.2. 63. Mr Collier says that the Quarto reads 'the humor or
fourty fancies...' If so, his copy differs from ours, which reads
'the humor of fourty fancies...'

Note XV.
iii.2. 81-84. It is not always clear from the way in which
Capell's text is printed whether he meant a passage where there
is a rapid change of speakers to be read as prose or verse. In
the Edition before us, this is always explained by certain
conventional symbols inserted with his own hand in red ink. This
he probably did with a view to a second edition, which he never
lived to bring out. 'Tulit alter honores.'
 Note XVI.
iii.
2. 245. Capell here inserted the lines which Pope put after ii.
1. 403. See note (xiii).

Note XVII.
iv.1. 124. Theobald first printed 'Where is the life that late I
led?' as part of a song. He printed also the following words,
'Where are those—' in italics, as if they were a continuation of
the song. He was followed by Hanmer, Warburton, and Johnson,
but not by Capell. As the song is lost, the question must remain
doubtful.

Note XVIII.
iv.2. Pope made a bold transposition, and placed here the
scene which in our Edition stands as the third scene of the
fourth Act, beginning:

' Gra. No, no, forsooth, I dare not for my life,'

and ending:

' Hor. Why so this gallant will command the sun.'

The scene thus in Pope's edition counted as the 4th, 5th, and
6th scenes of Act iv.
Our Scene 2 of Act iv. is in Pope's edition Scenes 1 and 2 of Act
v.

Theobald restored the old arrangement, which, as he proves in

a note, is indisputably the right one.

Note XIX.
iv.2. 120. Hanmer inserts from the old play the following lines,
which are placed by Pope after iv. 3. 192, and by Capell after v.
1. 132.

' Lord. Who's within there? [Sly sleeps.

Enter Servants.

Asleep again! go take him easily up, and put him in his
own apparel
again. But see you wake him not in any case.

Serv. It shall be done, my lord: come help to bear him

hence.
[They carry off Sly.'
 Note XX.
iv. 4. 62. There is evidently some mistake here. On the whole it
seems better to change 'Cambio' to 'Biondello' in line 62, than 'Bion.'
to 'Luc.' in line 66. The supposed Cambio was not acting as
Baptista's servant, and, moreover, had he been sent on such an
errand he would have 'flown on the wings of love' to perform it. We
must suppose that Biondello apparently makes his exit, but really
waits till the stage is clear for an interview with his disguised master.
The line 67 is as suitable to the faithful servant as to the master
himself.

Note XXI.
iv.4. 70. Mr Dyce says that in some copies of the first Folio the 'l' in
welcome is scarcely visible. It was from one of these copies,
doubtless, that the later Folios were printed. The 'l' is clear enough
in Capell's copy of F1.

Note XXII.
v. 1. 26. We have retained 'from Padua,' which is the reading of the
old Edition, and probably right. The Pedant has been staying some
time at Padua, and that is all he means when he contradicts the
newly arrived traveller from Pisa.

Note XXIII.
v. 2. 176-189. The following speeches are added by Pope from the
old play, and remained as part of the text till Capell's time:
'Enter two Servants bearing Sly in his own apparel, and leave
him on the stage. Then enter a Tapster.
Sly awaking.] Sim, give's some more wine—what, all the
Players gone? am not I a lord?
Tap. A lord with a murrain! Come, art thou drunk still?
Sly. Who's this? Tapster! oh, I have had the bravest dream
that ever thou heardst in all thy life.
Tap. Yea marry, but thou hadst best get thee home, for
your wife will course you for dreaming here all night.
Sly. Will she? I know how to tame a Shrew. I dreamt upon
it all this night, and thou hast wak'd me out of the best
dream that ever I had. But I'll to my wife, and tame her too,
if she anger me.'
ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL.
DRAMATIS PERSONÆ[5].
King of France.
Duke of Florence.
Bertram, Count of Rousillon[6].
Lafeu[7], an old lord.
Parolles[8], a follower of Bertram.
Steward, }
Lavache, a Clown } servants to the Countess of Rousillon.
A Page.
Countess of Rousillon, mother to Bertram.
Helena, a gentlewoman protected by the Countess.
An old Widow of Florence.
Diana, daughter to the Widow.
Violenta,}
} neighbours and friends to the Widow.
Mariana, }
Lords, Officers, Soldiers, &c., French and Florentine.
Scene: Rousillon; Paris; Florence; Marseilles.
ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL.
 ACT I.

Scene I. Rousillon. The Count's

palace.
Enter Bertram, the Countess of Rousillon, Helena, and Lafeu, all
in black.
Count. In delivering my son from me, I bury a second
husband.
Ber. And I in going, madam, weep o'er my father's
death anew: but I must attend his majesty's command, to
5 whom I am now in ward, evermore in subjection.
Laf. You shall find of the king a husband, madam;
you, sir, a father: he that so generally is at all times good,
must of necessity hold his virtue to you; whose worthiness
would stir it up where it wanted, rather than lack it where
10 there is such abundance.
Count. What hope is there of his majesty's amendment?
Laf. He hath abandoned his physicians, madam; under
whose practices he hath persecuted time with hope, and
finds no other advantage in the process but only the losing
15 of hope by time.
Count. This young gentlewoman had a father,—O, that
'had'! how sad a passage 'tis!—whose skill was almost as
great as his honesty; had it stretched so far, would have
made nature immortal, and death should have play for lack
20 of work. Would, for the king's sake, he were living! I
think it would be the death of the king's disease.
Laf. How called you the man you speak of, madam?
Count. He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was
his great right to be so,—Gerard de Narbon.
25 Laf. He was excellent indeed madam: the king very
lately spoke of him admiringly and mourningly: he was
skilful enough to have lived still, if knowledge could be set
up against mortality.
Ber. What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of?
 , yg , g g
30 Laf. A fistula, my lord.
Ber. I heard not of it before.
Laf. I would it were not notorious. Was this gentlewoman
the daughter of Gerard de Narbon?
Count. His sole child, my lord; and bequeathed to my
35 overlooking. I have those hopes of her good that her
education
promises; her dispositions she inherits, which makes
fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind carries virtuous
qualities, there commendations go with pity; they are virtues
and traitors too: in her they are the better for their
simpleness;
40 she derives her honesty and achieves her goodness.
Laf. Your commendations, madam, get from her tears.
Count. 'Tis the best brine a maiden can season her praise
in. The remembrance of her father never approaches her
heart but the tyranny of her sorrows takes all livelihood from
45 her cheek. No more of this, Helena, go to, no more; lest
it be rather thought you affect a sorrow than to have—
Hel. I do affect a sorrow, indeed, but I have it too.
Laf. Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead;
excessive grief the enemy to the living.
50 Count. If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess
makes it soon mortal.
Ber. Madam, I desire your holy wishes.
Laf. How understand we that?
 Count. Be thou blest, Bertram, and succeed thy father
55
In manners, as in shape! thy blood and virtue
Contend for empire in thee, and thy goodness
Share with thy birthright! Love all, trust a few,
Do wrong to none: be able for thine enemy
Rather in power than use; and keep thy friend
60
Under thy own life's key: be check'd for silence,
But never tax'd for speech. What heaven more will,
That thee may furnish, and my prayers pluck down,
Fall on thy head! Farewell, my lord;
'Tis an unseason'd courtier; good my lord,
Advise him.

65
Laf. He cannot want the best
That shall attend his love.

Count. Heaven bless him! Farewell, Bertram. [Exit.

Ber. [To Helena] The best wishes that can be forged in

your thoughts be servants to you! Be comfortable to my
70
mother, your mistress, and make much of her.

Laf. Farewell, pretty lady: you must hold the credit

of your father.

[Exeunt Bertram and Lafeu.

Hel. O, were that all! I think not on my father;

And these great tears grace his remembrance more
75
Than those I shed for him. What was he like?
I have forgot him: my imagination
Carries no favour in 't but Bertram's.
I am undone: there is no living, none,
If Bertram be away. 'Twere all one
80
That I should love a bright particular star
And think to wed it, he is so above me:
In his bright radiance and collateral light
Must I be comforted, not in his sphere.
The ambition in my love thus plagues itself:
85
The hind that would be mated by the lion
Must die for love. 'Twas pretty, though a plague,
To see him every hour; to sit and draw
His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls,
In our heart's table; heart too capable
90
Of every line and trick of his sweet favour:
But now he's gone, and my idolatrous fancy
Must sanctify his reliques. Who comes here?

Enter Parolles.

[Aside] One that goes with him: I love him for his sake;
And yet I know him a notorious liar,
95
Think him a great way fool, solely a coward;
Yet these fix'd evils sit so fit in him,
That they take place, when virtue's steely bones
Look bleak i' the cold wind: withal, full oft we see
Cold wisdom waiting on superfluous folly.

100
Par. Save you, fair queen!

Hel. And you, monarch!

Par No
 Par. No.

Hel. And no.

Par. Are you meditating on virginity?

105
Hel. Ay. You have some stain of soldier in you: let
me ask you a question. Man is enemy to virginity; how
may we barricado it against him?

Par. Keep him out.

Hel. But he assails; and our virginity, though valiant,

110
in the defence yet is weak: unfold to us some warlike
resistance.

Par. There is none: man, sitting down before you, will

undermine you and blow you up.

Hel. Bless our poor virginity from underminers and

115
blowers up! Is there no military policy, how virgins
might blow up men?

Par. Virginity being blown down, man will quicklier

be blown up: marry, in blowing him down again, with the
breach yourselves made, you lose your city. It is not
120
politic in the commonwealth of nature to preserve virginity.
Loss of virginity is rational increase and there was never
virgin got till virginity was first lost. That you were made
of is metal to make virgins. Virginity by being once lost
may be ten times found; by being ever kept, it is ever lost:
125
'tis too cold a companion; away with 't!
 Hel. I will stand for 't a little, though therefore I die a
virgin.

Par. There's little can be said in 't; 'tis against the rule
of nature. To speak on the part of virginity, is to accuse
130
your mothers; which is most infallible disobedience. He
that hangs himself is a virgin: virginity murders itself; and
should be buried in highways out of all sanctified limit, as a
desperate offendress against nature. Virginity breeds mites,
much like a cheese; consumes itself to the very paring, and
135
so dies with feeding his own stomach. Besides, virginity is
peevish, proud, idle, made of self-love, which is the most
inhibited
sin in the canon. Keep it not; you cannot choose
but lose by 't: out with 't! within ten year it will make
itself ten, which is a goodly increase; and the principal
140
itself not much the worse: away with 't!

Hel. How might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

Par. Let me see: marry, ill, to like him that ne'er it

likes. 'Tis a commodity will lose the gloss with lying; the
longer kept, the less worth: off with 't while 'tis vendible;
145
answer the time of request. Virginity, like an old courtier,
wears her cap out of fashion; richly suited, but unsuitable:
just like the brooch and the tooth-pick, which wear not now.
Your date is better in your pie and your porridge than in
your cheek: and your virginity, your old virginity, is like
150
one of our French withered pears, it looks ill, it eats drily;
marry, 'tis a withered pear; it was formerly better; marry,
yet 'tis a withered pear: will you any thing with it?
 Hel. Not my virginity yet....
There shall your master have a thousand loves,
155
A mother and a mistress and a friend,
A phœnix, captain and an enemy,
A guide, a goddess, and a sovereign,
A counsellor, a traitress, and a dear;
His humble ambition, proud humility,
160
His jarring concord, and his discord dulcet,
His faith, his sweet disaster; with a world
Of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms,
That blinking Cupid gossips. Now shall he—
I know not what he shall. God send him well!
165
The court's a learning place, and he is one—

Par. What one, i' faith?

Hel. That I wish well. 'Tis pity—

Par. What's pity?

Hel. That wishing well had not a body in't,

170
Which might be felt; that we, the poorer born,
Whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes,
Might with effects of them follow our friends,
And show what we alone must think, which never
Returns us thanks.

Enter Page.

175
Page. Monsieur Parolles, my lord calls for you.
[Exit.
 Par. Little Helen, farewell: if I can remember thee, I
will think of thee at court.

Hel. Monsieur Parolles, you were born under a charitable

star.

180
Par. Under Mars, I.

Hel. I especially think, under Mars.

Par. Why under Mars?

Hel. The wars have so kept you under, that you must
needs be born under Mars.

185
Par. When he was predominant.

Hel. When he was retrograde, I think, rather.

Par. Why think you so?

Hel. You go so much backward when you fight.

Par. That's for advantage.

190
Hel. So is running away, when fear proposes the safety:
but the composition that your valour and fear makes in you
is a virtue of a good wing, and I like the wear well.

Par. I am so full of businesses, I cannot answer thee

acutely. I will return perfect courtier; in the which, my
195
instruction shall serve to naturalize thee, so thou wilt be
capable of a courtier's counsel, and understand what advice
shall thrust upon thee; else thou diest in thine
 shall thrust upon thee; else thou diest in thine
unthankfulness,
and thine ignorance makes thee away: farewell. When
thou hast leisure, say thy prayers; when thou hast none,
200
remember thy friends: get thee a good husband, and use
him as he uses thee: so, farewell. [Exit.

Hel. Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie,

Which we ascribe to heaven: the fated sky
Gives us free scope; only doth backward pull
205
Our slow designs when we ourselves are dull.
What power is it which mounts my love so high;
That makes me see, and cannot feed mine eye?
The mightiest space in fortune nature brings
To join like likes and kiss like native things.
210
Impossible be strange attempts to those
That weigh their pains in sense, and do suppose
What hath been cannot be: who ever strove
To show her merit, that did miss her love?
The king's disease—my project may deceive me,
215
But my intents are fix'd, and will not leave me. [Exit.

LINENOTES:
Act i. Scene i.] Actus Primus. Scæna Prima. Ff.
Enter.... ] Enter yong Bertram, Count of Rossillion, his Mother, and
Helena, Lord Lafew, all in blacke. Ff.
[1] Count.] Mother. Ff, and afterwards Mo.
delivering] delivering up Hanmer. dissevering Warburton.
son from me,] son, for me or son, 'fore me, Becket conj.
[3] And I in going, madam] F1. And in going Madam F2 F3 F4. And in
going, madam, I Rowe.
[9] lack] slack Theobald (Warburton).
[13] persecuted] prosecuted Hanmer.
[17] passage] preface Hanmer. presage Warburton. pesage Becket conj.
was] om. Collier (Collier MS.).
[18] would] it would Rowe, 't would Singer.
[19] have] have had Hanmer.
play] play'd Warburton.
[29, 31, 52] Ber.] Ros. Ff.
[35] hopes of her good that her] good hopes of her that her or hopes of
her that her good Anon. conj.
[36] promises; her] Rowe. promises her Ff. promises her; Pope.
her dispositions] the honesty of her dispositions Staunton conj.
dispositions] disposition Rowe.
[39] their] her Hammer (Warburton).
[41] from her tears] tears from her Pope.
[46] it be rather thought you] you be rather thought to Hanmer.
to have—] Ff. to have it. Warburton. have it. Capell. to have. Steevens.
[48] lamentation] F1. lamentations F2 F3 F4.
[50] Count.] Hel. Tieck.
be] be not Theobald (Warburton).
[52, 53] Ber. Madam, ... Laf. How ... ] Laf. How ... Ber. Madam, ...
Theobald conj.
[63] head] F1. hand F2 F3 F4.
Farewell, my lord:] Farewell my Lord, Ff. Farewel.—My lord Lafeu, Capell.
Farewell. My lord, Steevens.
[63-67] Hanmer ends the lines 'tis an ... advise him ... attend ... Bertram.
S. Walker would end them My lord Lafeu, ... my lord ... that shall ...
Bertram, reading can't for cannot in line 65.
[64] Advise him.] Advise him you. Capell.
[65-87] Laf. He cannot ... draw] Omitted in F4.
[67] Heaven] May heaven Hanmer.
[68] [To Helena] Rowe.
[71] must hold] uphold Rann (Mason conj.).
[72] [Exeunt...] Rowe. om. Ff.
[73] Scene ii. Pope.
[75] those I] they are Hanmer.
[77] in't but Bertram's] in it but my Bertram's Pope. in it, but of Bertram
Capell. in 't but only Bertram's Collier (Collier MS.).
[79] 'Twere] F1 F2 F3. It were Pope.
[80] particular] F1 F2 F3. partic'lar Pope.
[81] me:] Rowe. me F1 F2 F3.
[84] The] Th' F1 F2 F3.
[88] brows] browes F1 F2. arrows F3 F4.
[89] our] my Collier MS.
[90] trick] trait Becket conj.
[92] reliques] F1 F2. relick F3 F4.
Enter Parolles.] Ff. Dyce transfers to line 99.
[93] [Aside] Edd.
[95] solely] F3 F4. solie F1 F2. wholly Hanmer.
[97] steely] seely Williams conj.
[98] Look] Rowe. Lookes F1 F2. Looks F3 F4.
i'the] in the Pope.
withal] om. Pope.
[99] Cold] S. Walker conjectures that this is corrupt.
folly] F3 F4. follie F1 F2.
[100] Scene iii. Pope.
Save] 'Save Hanmer.
[105] stain] strain Halliwell conj.
[107] barricado] Rowe. barracedo F1. barrocado F2 F3 F4.
[107-109] him? Par. Keep him out. Hel. But] him to keep him out? for
Hanmer.
[109] assails] assails us S. Walker conj.
[109, 110] valiant, in the defence yet] Ff. valiant in the defence, yet
Steevens.
[110] to us] F1. us F2 F3 F4.
[112] sitting] Johnson. setting Ff.
[114] Bless] 'Bless Capell conj. MS.
[121] rational] national Hanmer (Theobald conj.). natural Anon. ap.
Halliwell conj.
[122] got] F2 F3 F4. goe F1.
[130] mothers] mother Rowe.
[130, 131] He ... is] He ... is like Hanmer. As he ... so is Warburton.
[135] his] its Rowe. on its Hanmer.
[137] inhibited] F1. inhabited F2 F3 F4. prohibited Pope.
[138, 139] ten year ... ten,] ten years ... ten Hanmer. ten yeare ... two F1.
ten yeares ... two F2 F3. ten years ... two F4. two years ... two Collier, ed.
2 (Steevens conj.). ten years ... twelve Tollet conj. ten months ... two
Singer (Malone conj.). one year ... two Grant White. the year ... two Anon.
conj.
[142, 143] it likes] likes it S. Walker conj.
[143] 'Tis] And 'tis Hanmer.
[147] wear] Capell. were Ff. we wear Rowe.
[152] yet] yes, Hanmer.
will you] will you do Collier MS.
with it?] with me? Johnson conj. with us? Tyrwhitt conj. with it? I am now
bound for the court. Malone conj. with it? We are for the Court. Staunton
conj.
[153] Not] Not with Collier MS.
yet.] yet. You're for the Court: Hanmer. See note (ii).
[153, 154] Not ... your] No!—my virginity! yet There shall its Jackson conj.
[154] shall] should Steevens conj.
[155] A mother] Another Rowe (ed. 2).
[156-163] A phœnix ... shall he] Put in brackets as spurious by
Warburton.
[156] captain] captor Anon. conj.
[159] humble] F1. humblest F2 F3 F4.
[162] pretty] petty Harness.
fond, adoptious] fond-adoptious S. Walker conj.
[163] he—] Rowe. he: Ff.
[165] learning place] learning-place Steevens.
one—] Rowe. one. Ff.
[167] pity—] Rowe. pitty. F1 F2 F3. pity. F4.
[168] Par. What's pity?] Omitted in Pope (ed. 2).
[170] the] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.
[176] Exit.] Theobald.
[183] wars have] Pope. warres hath F1 F2. waters hath F3 F4. waters
have Rowe.
[190] So ... safety] Printed as two lines in Ff, the first ending away.
the safety] safety F3 F4.
[191] makes] make Hanmer.
[192] wing] ming Warburton.
I like the wear] is like to wear Mason conj.
[193] businesses] F1 F2 F3. business F4. businesses, as Theobald.
[195] instruction] instrument Rowe (ed. 2).
[196] of a] F1. of the F2 F3 F4. of Pope.
[202] Scene iv. Pope.
[207] That] Which Capell.
[208] The mightiest space] The mighty and base Mason conj. The wid'st
apart Staunton conj.
fortune nature] nature fortune Malone conj. (withdrawn).
brings] springs Anon. (Fras. Mag.) conj.
[208, 209] The ... To join like likes] Through ... Likes to join likes Johnson
conj. The ... Like to join like Long MS.
[212] hath been cannot be] hath not been ca'nt be Hanmer. ha'nt been
cannot be Mason conj. n'ath been cannot be Staunton conj.
[214] The king's disease—] Rowe. (The Kings disease) Ff.

Scene II. Paris. The King's palace.

Flourish of cornets. Enter the King of France with letters, and

divers Attendants.
 King. The Florentines and Senoys are by the ears;
Have fought with equal fortune, and continue
A braving war.

First Lord. So 'tis reported, sir.

King. Nay, 'tis most credible; we here receive it

5
A certainty, vouch'd from our cousin Austria,
With caution, that the Florentine will move us
For speedy aid; wherein our dearest friend
Prejudicates the business, and would seem
To have us make denial.

First Lord. His love and wisdom,

10
Approved so to your majesty, may plead
For amplest credence.

King. He hath arm'd our answer,

And Florence is denied before he comes:
Yet, for our gentlemen that mean to see
The Tuscan service, freely have they leave
To stand on either part.

15
Sec. Lord. It well may serve
A nursery to our gentry, who are sick
For breathing and exploit.

King. What's he comes here?

Enter Bertram, Lafeu, and Parolles.

First Lord. It is the Count Rousillon, my good lord,

Young Bertram.
 King. Youth, thou bear'st thy father's face;
20
Frank nature, rather curious than in haste,
Hath well composed thee. Thy father's moral parts
Mayst thou inherit too! Welcome to Paris.

Ber. My thanks and duty are your majesty's.

King. I would I had that corporal soundness now,

25
As when thy father and myself in friendship
First tried our soldiership! He did look far
Into the service of the time, and was
Discipled of the bravest: he lasted long;
But on us both did haggish age steal on,
30
And wore us out of act. It much repairs me
To talk of your good father. In his youth
He had the wit, which I can well observe
To-day in our young lords; but they may jest
Till their own scorn return to them unnoted
35
Ere they can hide their levity in honour:
So like a courtier, contempt nor bitterness
Were in his pride or sharpness; if they were,
His equal had awaked them; and his honour,
Clock to itself, knew the true minute when
40
Exception bid him speak, and at this time
His tongue obey'd his hand: who were below him
He used as creatures of another place;
And bow'd his eminent top to their low ranks,
Making them proud of his humility,
45
In their poor praise he humbled. Such a man
Might be a copy to these younger times;
Which, follow'd well, would demonstrate them now
But goers backward.

Ber. His good remembrance, sir,

Lies richer in your thoughts than on his tomb;
50
So in approof lives not his epitaph
As in your royal speech.

King. Would I were with him! He would always say—

Methinks I hear him now; his plausive words
He scatter'd not in ears, but grafted them,
55
To grow there and to bear,—'Let me not live,'—
This his good melancholy oft began,
On the catastrophe and heel of pastime,
When it was out,—'Let me not live,' quoth he,
'After my flame lacks oil, to be the snuff
60
Of younger spirits, whose apprehensive senses
All but new things disdain; whose judgements are
Mere fathers of their garments; whose constancies
Expire before their fashions. This he wish'd:
I after him do after him wish too,
65
Since I nor wax nor honey can bring home,
I quickly were dissolved from my hive,
To give some labourers room.

Sec. Lord. You are loved, sir;

They that least lend it you shall lack you first.

King. I fill a place, I know't. How long is't, count,

70
Since the physician at your father's died?
He was much famed.
 Ber. Some six months since, my lord.

King. If he were living, I would try him yet.

Lend me an arm; the rest have worn me out
With several applications: nature and sickness
75
Debate it at their leisure. Welcome, count;
My son's no dearer.

Ber. Thank your majesty.

[Exeunt. Flourish.

LINENOTES:
[Scene ii.] Capell. Scene v. Pope.
Flourish of cornets.] Flourish cornets. Ff.
[1] Senoys] Siennois or Siennese Lloyd conj.
the ears] Capell. th' eares Ff.
[3, 9, 18] First Lord.] 1. Lord. Rowe. 1. Lo. G. Ff.
[15, 67] Sec. Lord.] 2. Lord. Rowe. 2. Lo. E. Ff.
[15] well may] may well F3 F4.
[18] It is] F1 F4. It 'tis F2 F3.
Rousillon] Pope. Rosignoll F1. Rosillion F2. Rossillion F3 F4.
[21] Hath well composed thee] Compos'd thee well Pope.
[28] bravest] brav'st Pope.
[32] well] ill Long MS.
[35] hide their levity in honour] vye their levity with his honour Hanmer.
hide their levity in humour Long MS.
[35, 36] honour: So like a courtier,] Ff. honour, So like a courtier: Capell
(Blackstone conj.). honour: No courtier-like Lloyd conj.
[36] contempt nor] no contempt nor Rowe (ed. 1). no contempt or Rowe
(ed. 2).
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookluna.com