Term 3 OCTOBER - 2024

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

FORM THREE (3)
MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS) Attempt all the questions from this section.
1. State two branches of history. (2 marks)
i. Social History
ii. Economic History
iii. Political History (2×1=2)

2. Mention one material remain likely to be found in an archaeological site. (1 mark)

i. Store tools
ii. Pottery
iii. Wooden implements
iv. Metal objects
v. Baskets
vi. Garments. (1×1=1)

3. Give two examples of electronic sources of information on History. (2 marks)

i. Micro films.
ii. Films.
iii. Radio.
iv. Television.
v. Computerized data bases.
vi. Phones (2×1=2)

4. Identify the type of writing that developed in Egypt as a result of early agriculture. (1 mark)
i. Hieroglyphics (1×1=1)

5. Name two communities that belong to Western Bantu. (2 marks)

i. Abakuria.
ii. Abagusii.
iii. Abalulya.
iv. Abasuba. (2×1=2)

6. List down two factors that facilitated the coming of the Arabs to the East African coast. (2 marks)
i. Presence of monsoon winds. I.e. the north east and the south west winds which blew the Arab ship from
Arabia via the Indian Ocean.
ii. The ports of southern Arabia were good sailing places on the journey to east African coast.
iii. East African also deep harbors for ships to anchor.
iv. Arabs were skilled in marine technology i.e. boat making, map reading and use of compass.
(2×1=2)
7. State the main advantage of barter trade. (1 mark)
i. It’s suitable where there is no currency.
(1×1=1)

8. Give two impacts of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (2 marks)

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 i. It enabled the Sumerians built war chariots which increased mobility of the solders.
ii. It enhanced transportation of people and goods.
iii. The chariots gave the Sumerians solders height advantage over their enemies, enabling them to fight
more efficient.
iv. It promoted trade through efficiency of transportation of goods and traders
v. It facilitated the construction of roads
vi. It enhance the making of pots of high quality
vii. It promoted early agriculture as the wheel was used on shadoof for irrigation. (2×1=2)

9. Define the term Industry. (1 mark)

i. Industry is the manufacture of new goods from raw materials. (1×1=1)

10. Give one reason why the Berlin Conference was held. (1 mark)
i. To peacefully divide Africa. (1×1=1)

11. Name one community in Kenya that collaborated with the British. (1 mark)
i. Maasai
ii. Wanga (1×1=1)

12. Identify the method of administration used by the British in Northern Nigeria. (1 mark)
i. Indirect rule (1×1=1)

13. Highlight two methods used by the British to acquire colonies in Africa. (2 marks)
i. Treaties
ii. Treachery
iii. Divide and rule
iv. Military conquests (2×1=2)

14. Identify the woman leader of the Agiryama resistance. (1 mark)

i. Mekatilili wa Menza (1×1=1)

15. State two ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (2 marks)

i. Birth
ii. Registration (2×1=2)
16. Give one initiative in which the Kenyan constitution can be amended. (1 mark)
i. Popular initiative
ii. Parliamentary initiative (1×1=1)

17. List down two problems faced by IBEA Co. (2 marks)

i. The general work of administration and development required a lot of capital which was not
forthcoming.
ii. Residing Africa gaps meant that the company required a force to maintain law and order yet it was
financially constrained.
iii. The land was too large as compared to the far company administrative.
iv. Scarcity of natural resources and profitable commodities for expert hindered the work of the companies.
v. There was key little trade between the interior, this made transport slow and expensive.
vi. There was no co-ordination between the company’s officers in Europe and agent in East Africa as each
had their own vision and priorities that sometimes were in conflict, leading to delays and confusion in
E.A.
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vii. Those who were sent to work in East Africa had neither the knowledge nor experiences which help them
to accomplish their missions.
(2×1=2)

SECTION B (45 MARKS) Attempt any three questions from this section.
18. a) State three theories that explain the origin of man. (3 marks)
i. Creation
ii. Evolution
iii. Traditional
(3×1=3)
b) Explain six uses of fire by the early man. (12 marks)
i. Man could warm himself during cold night.
ii. The flames of fire could be give him light at night.
iii. Fire enables man to cook roots and roast meat thus increasing availability of food because a variety of roots
and seed could now be cooked and eaten.
iv. Fire used for hunting and confining animals in certain areas.
v. Fire was used for fighting away wild animals.
vi. It improved tool making as it hardened the tip of wooden tools.
vii. Early communication was through smoke and fire signals. It thus improved communication.
viii. Fire was used as food preservative e.g. drying meat and fish.
ix. It made hominids to migrate through the world from the savannah.
(6×2=12)
19. a) State five advantages of telecommunications. (5 marks)
i. They are fast and efficient means of communication.
ii. They store information for future reference.
iii. They enable instant transmission of information.
iv. Information can be transmitted all over the world.
v. They enable transmission of message to more than one recipient at the same time.
(5×1=5)
b) Explain five negative effects of modern means of communication. (10 marks)
i. It has led to rise in global crime.
ii. It has led to erosion of moral values.
iii. It has promoted addictive tendencies like, TV programs.
iv. There is also exposure to radioactive rays.
v. It has led to noise pollution.
vi. Telecommunication services have been used greatly to improve weaponry and conduct war.
vii. There has been the issue of cultural imperialism.
(5×2=10)
20. a) Give five causes of the Nandi resistance. (5 marks)
i. The Nandi regarded themselves as superior to the other people they had come into contact with like
Maasai, Luo, Luhya and Gusii. Thus, they viewed the arrival of the British as a threat to their dominance
over the region.
ii. Kimnyole, an orkoiyot of the Nandi had prophesied that the Nandi would be subdued and ruled by
foreigners. This resistance was an attempt to avert the fulfillment of a prophecy made by a discriminated
prophet. This Nandi had stoned Kimnyole to death in 1890 on the suspicion that he had caused a
drought.
iii. The pale color of the Europeans skins and the clothes that they were led the Nandi to believe that they
were devils that had come to inhabit their territory.

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 iv. The Nandi were not only socially and politically dominant in the region, but were also economically
dominant. This was mainly does their raids that they successfully carried out against other communities.
v. The British were viewed as competitors who would take away their land and properly in addition to
raiding the communities the Nandi had thrived on.
vi. In Koitalel Arap Samoei, an Orkoiyot, the Nandi had an Inspiring and Heroic leader. When captain
meinerzhagan killed him and his advisors (Maotik) the Nandi fought more terminally than before to
revenge.
vii. They were opposed to hut tax.
viii. They were also opposed to forced labour conscription by the colonialists.
ix. They were also against land alienation and building of the Kenya – Uganda Railway across their
territory.
x. They were also determined to maintain their independence.
(5×1=5)
b) Explain five reasons why armed resistance failed in Kenya. (10 marks)
i. The Kenyan societies were organized in small autonomous communities which couldn’t provide a
common front to face the enemy.
ii. Communities were and cohesive but kept fighting one another as the British got room to play this
communities.
iii. African lacked sophisticated weapons they used spears stones, brows and arrows.
iv. The African warriors were ill – trained
v. Epidermis and natural calamities had reached the population of some of the communities.
vi. There was poor leadership on the part of Africans.
vii. The soldiers were demoralized when many warriors were captured and killed.
viii. Some African communities collaborated with the British against follow Africans.
ix. Kenya – Uganda Railways facilitated swift movement of British or military for swift subjugation of
unrest.
(5×2=10)
21. a) Identify five benefits enjoyed by assimilated Africans in Senegal. (5 marks)
i. Allowed to send representatives to the African chamber of Deputies.
ii. Could vote like Frenchmen.
iii. Provided with educational opportunities.
iv. Examples from forced labour, taxation and arbitrary arrest.
v. They also enjoyed trading rights.
vi. They enjoyed French judicial system.
vii. Employed in the civil service
viii. Operated local authority structures like Frenchmen. (5×1=5)

b) Explain five effects of Direct Rule in Zimbabwe. (10 marks)

i. Africans were displaced from their ancestral land to land alienation schemes to create room for white
settlers.
ii. African were subjected to poverty and suffering.
iii. African traditional chiefs lost their authority and power over their subjects.
iv. The administration of the colony was in the hands of the British who never referred to Africans, even
where African interest were concerned.
v. Africans were subjected to heavy
vi. Britain delegated the administration of the colony to the British with Africa Company and later a
minority government declared unilateral independence over Zimbabwe.
vii. African traditional economy was undermined, as the Africans were required to work on the white man’s
farms the mines.
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viii. The introduction of Christianity and Western education undermined African culture.
ix. Africans were subjected to forced labour which increased their mines and settler farms.
x. African freedom of movement was curtailed by being confined in resource and carry Id.
xi. There was racial segregation and oppression.
(5×2=10)
SECTION C (30 MARKS) Attempt any two questions from this section.
22. a) Give five limitations to right to life. (5 marks)
i. When a person acts in self-defense or defense of property.
ii. When security officers execute a lawful arrest.
iii. When security officers act to prevent the escape of a person who is lawfully detained.
iv. When security officers suppress a riot, rebellion or mutiny.
v. When security officers act to prevent an individual from committing a crime.
vi. When the country it at war.
vii. When a person is sentenced to death by a court of law. (5×1=5)

b) Explain five socio – economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (10 marks)

i. Every citizen has a responsibility to pay tax like income tax, value added tax and excise duty.
ii. Citizens should take part in development programs like harambee.
iii. Citizens should participate in income generating activities to earn a decent living.
iv. Every citizen should conserve the environment like natural resources.
v. Citizen should fight corruption in the country.
vi. Promote gender sensitivity in relation to community.
vii. Promote positive values in the society and good morals.
viii. Promotion of good health practices like hygiene.
ix. Helping in emergencies like disaster.
x. Taking care of the vulnerable in the society like the needy, orphans and poor.
(5×2=10)
23. a) State five effects of conflicts in the society. (5 marks)
i. Massive displacement of people, they become refugees.
ii. Fear and insecurity due to anarchy.
iii. Losses of lives as people are killed.
iv. Destruction of property.
v. Starvation due to crops destruction and disruption of agriculture activities.
vi. People become poor due to economic decline.
vii. Human suffering and misery becomes widespread.
(5×1=5)
b) Describe five peaceful methods of resolving conflicts. (10 marks)
i. Arbitration.
It’s a neutral person who is appointed to solve a conflict amongst people.
ii. Diplomacy.
It’s an art of negotiation between individuals or countries to resolve conflicts and may involve creating understanding
and room for reconciliation.
iii. Legislation.
It’s done by the parliament through passing of legislation that control conflicts.
iv. Use of elders.
Parties involved appear before the elders who listen to them and come up with a solution.
v. Religious action.
Religious leaders have been called upon several tomes to resolve political and social conflicts in Kenya.
vi. Court action.
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Legal action as a method of conflict resolution can be taken up by any of the parties in conflict.
vii. Policing.
The presence of the police helps to control crime that brings about conflicts.
Viii. International agreement.
International agreements on boarder security and utilization of natural resources are a method of conflict resolution
between countries.
(5×2=10)
24. a) Identify three aspects of democracy. (3 marks)
i. Social aspect
ii. Economic aspect
iii. Political aspect
(3×1=3)

b) Explain six principles of democracy. (12 marks)

i. Consent of the people.
The supreme controlling power is the people; leadership in a democratic society should accommodate people’s
needs and aspirations.
ii. Equality.
There is need for equality among the people regardless of colour, sex or creed and provides every participant
with equal opportunity to participate in the process of airing their views.
iii. Peace.
The location in which democracy is expected to flourish should be free of all forms of intimidation and unrest
that would deter people from freely expressing their opinions on various issues.
iv. The rule of law.
Democracy recognizes equality of everyone before the law with fair and outcome acceptable to the majority.
v. Balance of liberty.
The state makes the laws based on the consent of the people who are obliged to obey the law without feeling
that their liberty is unduly restricted.
vi. Transparency and accountability.
There is openness and accountability; this gives the citizens the confidence to trust their institutions.
vii. Competition.
In democracy, different ideas compete for the citizens, attention and opinion.
viii. Free press.
A responsible, free, independent and objective press is one of the pillars of democracy.
ix. Regular and free elections.
The elections should be free and fair, this allows citizens to express their will.
x. Multi-partysm.
There is need to have many political parties in the country due to democracy.
xi. Economic freedom.
There is economic freedom through private ownership of property and a free market economy. Citizens are free
to pursue professions of their choice.
(6×2=12)

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