Math Mammoth Grade 4-B Worktext

(International Version)
Answer Key

By Maria Miller
Copyright 2020 Maria Miller

Edition 12/2020

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2
 Contents
Work- Answer Work- Answer
text key text key
page page page page
Chapter 5: Division Geometry, continued
Revision of Division ................................. 11 4 Angle Problems ........................................ 108 23
Division Terms and Division Parallel and Perpendicular Lines .............. 113 24
with Zero .................................................. 14 4 Parallelograms .......................................... 118 25
Dividing with Whole Tens Triangles .................................................. 121 26
and Hundreds ............................................ 16 5 Line Symmetry ......................................... 125 26
Order of Operations and Division............. 19 6 Mixed Revision Chapter 6 ........................ 128 27
The Remainder, Part 1 .............................. 21 6 Revision, Chapter 6 .................................. 130 28
The Remainder, Part 2 .............................. 24 7
The Remainder, Part 3 .............................. 26 8 Chapter 7: Fractions
Long Division 1 ........................................ 28 9
Long Division 2 ........................................ 32 9
Long Division 3 ........................................ 35 9 One Whole and Its Fractional Parts ........... 138 29
Long Division with Mixed Numbers ......................................... 141 30
4-Digit Numbers ....................................... 39 9 Mixed Numbers and Fractions .................. 145 31
More Long Division .................................. 43 10 Adding Fractions ....................................... 148 31
Remainder Problems ................................. 46 10 Adding Mixed Numbers ............................ 150 32
Long Division with Money ....................... 50 10 Equivalent Fractions .................................. 153 33
Long Division Crossword Puzzle ............. 52 11 Subtracting Fractions and Mixed
Average .................................................... 53 11 Numbers .................................................... 158 36
Finding Fractional Parts with Division .... 56 12 Comparing Fractions ................................. 162 37
Problems with Fractional Parts ................. 59 13 Multiplying Fractions by Whole
Problems to Solve ..................................... 61 13 Numbers .................................................... 166 38
Divisibility ................................................ 64 14 Practising with Fractions ......................... 169 39
Prime Numbers ......................................... 68 15 Mixed Revision Chapter 7 ........................ 171 40
Finding Factors ......................................... 71 16 Revision, Chapter 7 .................................. 173 40
Mixed Revision Chapter 5 ........................ 73 17
Revision, Chapter 5 .................................. 75 17 Chapter 8: Decimals

Chapter 6: Geometry Decimal Numbers—Tenths ....................... 178 41

Adding and Subtracting with Tenths ......... 180 41
Revision: Area of Rectangles .................... 82 19 Two Decimal Digits—Hundredths ............ 182 42
Problem Solving: Area of Rectangles ....... 85 19 Add and Subtract Decimals in Columns ... 186 43
Revision: Area and Perimeter .................... 87 20 Add and Subtract Decimals Mentally ...... 189 44
Lines, Rays, and Angles ........................... 91 21 Using Decimals with Measuring Units ..... 193 45
Measuring Angles ..................................... 94 21 Mixed Revision Chapter 8 ......................... 195 46
Drawing Angles ........................................ 101 22 Revision, Chapter 8 ................................... 197 47
Estimating Angles ..................................... 103 22

3
Chapter 5: Division

Revision of Division, p. 11
1. a. 3 × 4 = 12; 12 ÷ 3 = 4; 12 ÷ 4 = 3 5. b. $45 – $34 = $11, Jim needs $11 more.
b. 5 × 3 = 15; 15 ÷ 5 = 3; 15 ÷ 3 = 5 c. 400 ÷ 4 = 100; each box has 100 apples.
c. 2 × 4 = 8; 8 ÷ 2 = 4; 8 ÷ 4 = 2 d. 24 ÷ 6 = 4; each person got 4 pieces.
e. 5 × 50 = 250 total books.
2. a. 21 ÷ 7 = 3; 21 ÷ 3 = 7; 7 × 3 = 21; 3 × 7 = 21 f. 2 × $13 = $26; Mum paid $26 for both books.
b. 24 ÷ 4 = 6; 24 ÷ 6 = 4; 4 × 6 = 24; 6 × 4 = 24 g. 20 ÷ 4 = 5; there are 5 cows.
c. 36 ÷ 4 = 9; 36 ÷ 9 = 4; 9 × 4 = 36; 4 × 9 = 36 h. 60 ÷ 3 = 20; 20 books are on each shelf.
3. a. 8, 9, 10, 22 ÷ 2 = 11, 24 ÷ 2 = 12, 26 ÷ 2 = 13 6. a. 9, 10, 5 b. 6, 6, 8 c. 4, 8, 8 d. 8, 3, 5
b. 9, 8, 7, 30 ÷ 5 = 6, 25 ÷ 5 = 5, 20 ÷ 5 = 4
c. 9, 10, 11, 120 ÷ 10 = 12, 130 ÷ 10 = 13, 140 ÷ 10 = 14 7. b. x = 5 c. x = 45 d. x = 54
d. 8, 7, 6, 35 ÷ 7 = 5, 28 ÷ 7 = 4, 21 ÷ 7 = 3
8. a. 10 × 3 = N OR N = 10 × 3; N = 30
4. b. 9 × 4 = x OR x = 9 × 4; x = 36
c. 20 × T = 60, OR 60 = 20 × T; T = 3
Eggs 6 12 24 36 42 54 66 78 d. 9 × y = 81 OR 81 = y × 9; Y = 9
Omelettes 1 2 4 6 7 9 11 13
9. a. 21 ÷ 3 = 7 OR 7 × 3 = 21; you can buy 7 books.
b. 100 ÷ 5 = 20 OR 20 × 5 = 100; there were
Thumbtacks 8 24 32 48 64 80 96 104 20 apples in each box.
c. $30 ÷ 5 = $6 OR 5 × $6 = 30; each box costs $6.
Pictures 1 3 4 6 8 10 12 13 d. 8 × 5 = 40; the chocolate bar has 40 squares.
e. 45 ÷ 5 = 9 OR 9 × 5 = 45; there are nine fives in 45.
f. 5 × 12 = 60; the boxes weigh 60 pounds.

Division Terms and Division with Zero, p. 14

1. a. 2, the divisor is missing. 6. a. x = 64
b. 35, the dividend is missing. b. T = 1
c. 12, the quotient is missing. c. there are many solutions.
In fact, x can be any number except 0.
2. a. x ÷ 7 = 3; x = 21 d. y = 18
b. 140 ÷ y = 7; y = 20
c. 150 ÷ 5 = z; z = 30 7. Answers will vary. Examples:
a. 24 ÷ 24 = 1, 4 ÷ 4 = 1
3. Answers will vary: b. 0 ÷ 36 = 0, 0 ÷ 12 = 0
a. 24 ÷ 4 = 6, 30 ÷ 5 = 6, 60 ÷ 10 = 6
b. 24 ÷ 2 = 12, 24 ÷ 3 = 8, 24 ÷ 6 = 4 Puzzle corner. The dividend and quotient both were zeros.
For example, he could have had the problems 0 ÷ 6 = 0
4. and 0 ÷ 9 = 0.
Product Product Quotient Quotient
Numbers
(written) (solved) (written) (solved)
12 and 3 12 × 3 36 12 ÷ 3 4
10 and 5 10 × 5 50 10 ÷ 5 2
20 and 4 20 × 4 80 20 ÷ 4 5
100 and 10 100 × 10 1000 100 ÷ 10 10

5. a. 8, 0, 1
b. 11, xx, 1
c. 50, 0, xx
d. 0, 1, xx

4
Dividing with Whole Tens and Hundreds, p. 16
1. a. 300 × 7 = 2 100 b. 50 × 800 = 40 000 c. 60 × 40 = 2 400
2 100 ÷ 7 = 300 40 000 ÷ 50 = 800 2 400 ÷ 60 = 40
2 100 ÷ 300 = 7 40 000 ÷ 800 = 50 2 400 ÷ 40 = 60

2. a. 50, 5, 5, 50
b. 1000, 100, 10, 10
c. 6, 60, 6, 60
3. a. 90, 90
b. 900, 900
c. 70, 70
4. a. 40, 4, 400
b. 9, 90, 90
c. 60, 60, 6 000
5. a. 213 b. 4 022 c. 3 101
d. 110 e. 1 002 f. 1 410

Finding half... ...is the same as dividing by 2!

1
of 280 is 140 280 ÷ 2 = 140
2

6. a. 40 b. 12 000 c. 330 d. 2 100

7. Dad’s pay cheque was: $806 + $806 = $1 612.

8. The fisherman had: 1/2 × 800 kg – 350 kg = 50 kg left.

9. She had 2 × ($12 + $15) = $54 in the beginning.

10.
a. 352 ÷ 5 b. 198 ÷ 4 c. 403 ÷ 8
≈ 350 ÷ 5 = 70 ≈ 200 ÷ 4 = 50 ≈ 400 ÷ 8 = 50

11.
a. 802 ÷ 21 b. 356 ÷ 61 c. 596 ÷ 32
≈ 800 ÷ 20 = 40 ≈ 360 ÷ 60 = 6 ≈ 600 ÷ 30 = 20

12.
a. ≈ 80 ÷ 20 = 4 b. ≈ 45 ÷ 5 = 9
≈ 120 ÷ 60 = 2 ≈ 16 000 ÷ 400 = 40
≈ 2 000 ÷ 500 = 4 ≈ 300 ÷ 30 = 10

13. 450 ÷ 5 = 90
14. Answers will vary but should have a divisor of zero. For example: 67 ÷ 0.
15. a. y = 8 000 b. s = 4 200 c. w = 30
16.

a. 500 ÷ 5 = 100 b. 466 ÷ 2 = 233 c. 366 ÷ 3 = 122

505 ÷ 5 = 101 468 ÷ 2 = 234 369 ÷ 3 = 123
510 ÷ 5 = 102 470 ÷ 2 = 235 372 ÷ 3 = 124
515 ÷ 5 = 103 472 ÷ 2 = 236 375 ÷ 3 = 125
520 ÷ 5 = 104 474 ÷ 2 = 237 378 ÷ 3 = 126

5
Order of Operations and Division, p. 19
1. a. 3 b. 100 c. 120 d. 2 000 9. a. 5 ÷ 5 × 5 = 5
b. (5 − 5) × 5 = 0
2. a. 62 b. 152 c. 2 000 d. 18 c. (5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 2
3. a. 9 b. 17 c. 200 d. 5 d. (5 + 5) × (5 + 5) = 100
e. 5 × 5 + 5 − 5 = 25
4. OR 5 × 5 − 5 + 5 = 25
OR 5 − 5 + 5 × 5 = 25
a. b. c. OR 5 × 5 − (5 − 5) = 25
24 ÷ 2 + 10 = 22 18 + 30 ÷ 2 = 33 40 − 40 ÷ 8 = 35
24 ÷ (2 + 10) = 2 (18 + 30) ÷ 2 = 24 (40 − 40) ÷ 8 = 0 Puzzle corner:
(5 − 5) × 5 = 0
5. a. (20 + 15) ÷ 5 = 7 5÷5=1
b. 20 − 50 ÷ 5 = 10 (5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 2
c. 20 × 30 − 100 = 500 (5 + 5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 3
(5 × 5 − 5) ÷ 5 = 4
6. (21 + 17) ÷ 2. The answer is 19 figures. 5×5÷5=5
7. 6 × 6 ÷ 4. The answer is $9. (5 × 5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 6
(5 × 5 + 5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 7
8. a. 5; 7 b. 60; 120 c. 20; 20 d. 1; 1 e. 0; 0 (5 + 5) − (5 + 5) ÷ 5 = 8
(5 + 5 ) − (5 ÷ 5) = 9
5 + 5 = 10

The Remainder, Part 1, p. 21

1.

a. Divide into groups of 4. b. Divide into groups of 2. c. Divide into groups of 5.

10 ÷ 4 = 2 R2 17 ÷ 2 = 8 R1 12 ÷ 5 = 2 R2

2. a. 14 ÷ 4 = 3 R2 b. 7 ÷ 3 = 2 R1 c. 19 ÷ 6 = 3 R1
3.

a. Divide 16 into groups of 5. b. Divide 17 into groups of 3. c. Divide 15 into groups of 4.

16 ÷ 5 = 3 R1 17 ÷ 3 = 5 R2 15 ÷ 4 = 3 R3

4.

a. 17 ÷ 4 = 4 R1 b. 9 ÷ 2 = 4 R1 c. 11 ÷ 6 = 1 R5

5. a. 10 ÷ 3 = 3 R1 b. 17 ÷ 5 = 3 R2 c. 11 ÷ 4 = 2 R3
6. a. 13 ÷ 5 = 2 R3 b. 18 ÷ 4 = 4 R2 c. 10 ÷ 4 = 2 R2

6
The Remainder, Part 1, continued
7.

a. 27 ÷ 5 = 5 R2 b. 16 ÷ 6 = 2 R4 c. 11 ÷ 2 = 5 R1
5 goes into 27 five times. 6 goes into 16 two times. 2 goes into 11 five times.

d. 37 ÷ 5 = 7 R2 e. 26 ÷ 3 = 8 R2 f. 56 ÷ 9 = 6 R2

g. 43 ÷ 5 = 8 R3 h. 34 ÷ 6 = 5 R4 i. 40 ÷ 7 = 5 R5

8.
a. b. c.
23 ÷ 4 = 5 R3 16 ÷ 7 = 2 R2 21 ÷ 8 = 2 R5
23 ÷ 5 = 4 R3 20 ÷ 3 = 6 R2 12 ÷ 9 = 1 R3

9.
a. 10 ÷ 5 = 2 R 0 b. 17 ÷ 3 = 5 R2 c. 12 ÷ 4 = 3 R0
11 ÷ 5 = 2 R1 18 ÷ 3 = 6 R0 13 ÷ 4 = 3 R1
12 ÷ 5 = 2 R2 19 ÷ 3 = 6 R1 14 ÷ 4 = 3 R2
13 ÷ 5 = 2 R3 20 ÷ 3 = 6 R2 15 ÷ 4 = 3 R3
14 ÷ 5 = 2 R4 21 ÷ 3 = 7 R0 16 ÷ 4 = 4 R0
15 ÷ 5 = 3 R0 22 ÷ 3 = 7 R1 17 ÷ 4 = 4 R1

10. a. 27 ÷ 5 = 5 R2. He had five rows. Two cars were left over.
b. 19 ÷ 5 = 3 R4. She had five groups of 5. You can make a smaller group with only four children in it.
c. (36 − 3) ÷ 6 = 5 R3. She has five full bags of cookies.
d. No, because 51 ÷ 8 = 6 R3.
e. Of four, no. 35 ÷ 4 = 8 R3 (the division is not even.) Of five, yes. 35 ÷ 5 = 7.
Of six, no. 35 ÷ 6 = 5 R5. Of seven, yes. 35 ÷ 7 = 5.
f. 38 ÷ 6 = 6 R2. There were two photos on the last page. Six pages were full.

The Remainder, Part 2, p. 24

1. a. 3 b. 9 c. 7 d. 9
2. a. 6 b. 8 c. 6 d. 4
5) 3 2 5) 4 4 6) 3 7 7) 2 9
−3 0 −4 0 −3 6 −2 8
2 4 1 1

e. 5 f. 5 g. 8 h. 6
)
8 46 )
9 52 )
4 35 )
9 57
−4 0 −4 5 −3 2 −5 4
6 7 3 3
3. a. 6 × 5 + 2 = 32 b. 8 × 5 + 4 = 44 c. 6 × 6 + 1 = 37 d. 4 × 7 + 1 = 29
e. 5 × 8 + 6 = 46 f. 5 × 9 + 7 = 52 g. 8 × 4 + 3 = 35 h. 6 × 9 + 3 = 57
4. 33 ÷ 6 = 5 R3. Jill needed six containers, but only five were full.
5. 53 ÷ 12 = 4 R5. Mum needed 5 cartons for all the eggs.
6. 36 ÷ 11 = 3 R3. She put three pencils back into the cabinet.
7. 58 ÷ 8 = 7 R2. They got seven full boxes.
8. 3 × 23 + 15 = 84. He had 84 award stickers.

7
The Remainder, Part 3, p. 26
1. One bus holds 42 children. Two buses hold 84 children. Three buses hold 126 children. So, three buses were needed to
hold 100 children
2. She needed four folders. (Three folders is not enough, because 3 × 20 = 60. Yet, four is enough because 4 × 20 = 80.)
Three of them were full.
3. a. They could make three classes of 22 first graders. (They don't have enough first graders for four classes
since 4 × 22 = 88 which is more than 77.)
b. They will get three classes of 20 first graders, and 17 children in a fourth class.
4. The teams had six, seven, and seven players.
5. a. 7 R5 b. 8 R2 c. 8 R4 d. 4 R3
6.

a. b. c.

12 ÷ 3 = 4 R0 10 ÷ 2 = 5 R0 19 ÷ 4 = 4 R3

7.
a. 21 ÷ 5 = 4 R1 b. 56 ÷ 8 = 7 R0 c. 43 ÷ 7 = 6 R1
22 ÷ 5 = 4 R2 57 ÷ 8 = 7 R1 44 ÷ 7 = 6 R2
23 ÷ 5 = 4 R3 58 ÷ 8 = 7 R2 45 ÷ 7 = 6 R3
24 ÷ 5 = 4 R4 59 ÷ 8 = 7 R3 46 ÷ 7 = 6 R4

8. The shortcut is: the remainder is always the last digit of the dividend (the number you divide), and the other digits
are the quotient (the answer).

a. 29 ÷ 10 = 2 R9 b. 78 ÷ 10 = 7 R8 c. 54 ÷ 10 = 5 R4
30 ÷ 10 = 3 R0 79 ÷ 10 = 7 R9 55 ÷ 10 = 5 R5
31 ÷ 10 = 3 R1 80 ÷ 10 = 8 R0 56 ÷ 10 = 5 R6

Puzzle Corner:
a. 16 ÷ 5 = 3 R1 OR 16 ÷ 3 = 5 R1
b. 31 ÷ 7 = 4 R3 OR 31 ÷ 4 = 7 R3
c. 135 ÷ 30 = 4 R3 OR 123 ÷ 4 = 30 R3

8
Long Division 1, p. 28
1.

a. Make 2 groups b. Make 3 groups c. Make 3 groups d. Make 4 groups

3 1 2 1
)
2 6 2 )
3 6 3 1 0 2
1 2 0
3) 3 0 6 )
4 4 8 0

2. a. 21 b. 131 c. 220 d. 2,010 e. 22 f. 3,021 g. 110 h. 1,201

3. a. 41 b. 71 c. 60 d. 31 e. 92 f. 61 g. 611 h. 601 i. 710 j. 901
4.

3 1 R1 1 2 2 R1 1 1 2 R2 2 3 0 R1
a. b. c. d.
2) 6 3 2) 2 4 5 3) 3 3 8 2) 4 6 1

5. a. 211 R3 b. 34 R1 c. 122 R1 d. 22 R1 e. 60 R1 f. 300 R5 g. 30 R5 h. 310 R2

6. a. 42 R2 b. 31 R2 c. 711 R1 d. 711 R1 e. 1 101 R2 f. 4 031 R1
7. a. 110, 410 b. 9, 123 c. 412, 6 R20

Long Division 2, p. 32
1. a. 16 b. 24 c. 29 d. 15 e. 19 f. 39 g. 26 h. 47
2. a. 47 b. 43 c. 64 d. 34 e. 84 f. 58

Long Division 3, p. 35
1. a. 115 b. 123 c. 244 d. 276 e. 318 f. 121 2. a. 189 b. 166 c. 142 d. 117 e. 152 f. 117
g. 113 h. 113 i. 325 j. 113 k. 112 l. 218

Long Division with 4-Digit Numbers, p. 39

1. a. 2 347 b. 2 310 4. 9 × $16 ÷ 2 = $72. They each paid $72.
c. 1 785 d. 4 885
5. 504 min ÷ 7 = 72 min, or 1 h 12 min each day
2. a. 1 934 b. 551 6. a. 920 m ÷ 8 = 115 m. The second clue is at 115 m.
c. 1 340 d. 1 138 b. The third clue is at 230 m.
e. 1 317 f. 1 216
7. a. 96 ÷ 6 = 16. Sixteen children were coming to the party.
3. a. 493 b. 384 b. 8 × 25 = 200 and 200 − 96 = 104.
c. 924 d. 49 She had 104 balloons left.
e. 87 f. 371

9
More Long Division, p. 43
1. a. 1 045 b. 1 406 4. b. 3 × 57 = 171.
c. 2 037 d. 1 307 There are 171 buttons in three compartments.
2. a. 2 705 b. 1 308 c. 1 309 d. 1 063 c. 4 × 57 = 228.
There are 228 buttons in four compartments.
3. a. 108 b. 205 c. 402
d. 405 e. 308 f. 1 070 5. The payments were ($9 620 − $2 000) ÷ 4 = $1 905 each.
4. a. 285 ÷ 5 = 57. 6. a. 21 234 b. 35 407 c. 21 645 d. 3 162 e. 5 275
There are 57 buttons in one compartment.

Remainder Problems, p. 46
1. a. 171 R1 Check: 3 × 171 + 1 = 514 9. 740 ÷ 6 = 123 R2. Paint 123 pieces in four of the colours
b. 84 R1 Check: 8 × 84 + 1 = 673 (any four), and 124 pieces in the two remaining colours.
c. 317 R3 Check: 6 × 317 + 3 = 1,905
d. 2 051 R1 Check: 4 × 2 051 + 1 = 8 205 10.

2. a. wrong; 77 R1 b. right c. wrong: 451 a. 211 ÷ 3 = 70 R1 b. 1 206 ÷ 7 = 172 R2

d. The remainder is larger than the divisor. 212 ÷ 3 = 70 R2 1 207 ÷ 7 = 172 R3
3. a. 112 ÷ 9 = 12 R4. We get 12 rows, 9 chairs each row, 213 ÷ 3 = 70 R3 1 208 ÷ 7 = 172 R4
and 4 chairs will be left over or put in an extra row.
c. 411 ÷ 5 = 82 R1 d. 7 185 ÷ 9 = 798 R3
b. 800 ÷ 3 = 266 R2. We get 266 piles, 3 erasers in each
pile, and 2 erasers left over. 412 ÷ 5 = 82 R3 7 186 ÷ 9 = 798 R4
413 ÷ 5 = 82 R3 7 187 ÷ 9 = 798 R5
4. They will get 333 full bags (and 2 kg of potatoes
left over). You can figure out the two other problems after solving
5. 20 × 50 = 1 000 and 19 × 50 = 950. So, 19 buses is one, because the remainder will increase by one as
enough to transport 940 people. the dividend increases by one.
6. 75 ÷ 4 = 18 R3. One 18-day vacation and three 19-day 11. It would be 38 R4. The only difference is that the
vacations. If the division had been even, all of the remainder increases by 1.
vacations would have been 18 days, but now there are 12. a. 78 R7; 6 R6; 34
three extra days to be added to three of the vacations. b. 45 R2; 50 R9; 5 R2
7. 400 – (2 × 90) – (4 × 40) = 60; 60 ÷ 6 = 10. c. 46 R3; 98 R2; 92 R5
They will have ten full 6-kg boxes of strawberries. The ones digit of the dividend will always be the
remainder.
8. a. Yes. There will be 103 containers. 412 ÷ 4 = 103.
b. No, there will be 82 containers with 2 left over. Puzzle Corner: The remainder is larger than the divisor.
412 ÷ 5 = 82 R2.
c. No, there will be 68 with four left over.
412 ÷ 6 = 68 R4.

Long Division with Money, p. 50

1. a. $8.47 b. $3.72 5. $358.60 − $100 = $258.60; $258.60 ÷ 4 = $64.65.
Each payment was $64.65.
2. a. $28.50 b. $1.14
6. $12.96 ÷ 8 = $1.62.
3. $25.56 + $3.55 + $2.75 = $31.86 You will pay $1.62.
$31.86 ÷ 2 = $15.93. Each girl paid $15.93. Your brother will pay $1.62.
4. ($25.95 + $4.35) ÷ 3 = $10.10. Mum will pay $12.96 − $1.62 − $1.62 = $9.72.
Each person’s share was $10.10.

10
Long Division Crossword Puzzle, p. 52
1. Across: Down: a. 1
a. 3 440 ÷ 8 = 430 a. 1 072 ÷ 8 = 134
b. 574 ÷ 7 = 82 b. 6 135 ÷ 3 = 2 045 3 b. 2 b. 8 e. 2
c. 234 ÷ 9 = 26 c. 145 ÷ 5 = 29
d. 1 707 ÷ 3 = 569 d. 2 652 ÷ 4 = 663 a. 4 3 0 0
e. 4 756 ÷ 2 = 2 378 e. 1 442 ÷ 7 = 206 4 c. 2 6
f. 3 474 ÷ 9 = 386
d. 5 d. 6 9
6 f. 3
e. 2 3 7 8
6

Average, p. 53
1. (78 + 87 + 69 + 86) ÷ 4 = 80. Judith’s average score is 80.
2. (18 + 22 + 26 + 23 + 16) ÷ 5 = 21. The average temperature for the day was 21°C.
3. 414 ÷ 6 = 69. Dad averaged 69 km in one hour.
4. 12 × 55 = 660. A dozen eggs would weigh 660 grams.
5. 7 × 76 = 532. It cost $532 for one week.
6. (234 + 178 + 250 + 198) ÷ 4 = 215. Her weekly average grocery bill was $215.
7. The girls’ average time was 15 minutes. The boys’ average time was 13 minutes. The boys are faster.
The difference is two minutes.
8. a.

Quiz score Frequency

13-15 1
16-18 1
19-21 2
22-24 4
25-27 0
28-30 2

b. The average score is 22.

c. Look at the “peak” of the graph. The average is usually near that point.
9. a. The average age is 29.
b. Now the average age is 34.
Puzzle corner: 213 ÷ 12 is 17 R9.

11
Finding Fractional Parts with Division, p. 56
1.

a. b. c. d.

10 ÷ 5 = 2 9÷3=3 16 ÷ 2 = 8 15 ÷ 3 = 5
1 1 1 1
of 10 is 2. of 9 is 3. of 16 is 8. of 15 is 5.
5 3 2 3

2.
a. 30 ÷ 5 = 6 b. 48 ÷ 6 = 8 c. 25 ÷ 5 = 5 d. 50 ÷ 5 = 10
1 1 1 1
of 30 is 6. of 48 is 8. of 25 is 5. of 50 is 10.
5 6 5 5

3.
1 1 1
a. of 30 is 5. b. of 49 is 7. c. of 250 is 25.
6 7 10
30 ÷ 6 = 5 49 ÷ 7 = 7 250 ÷ 10 = 25
1 1 1
d. of 480 is 240. e. of 1 800 is 200. f. of 400 is 80.
2 9 5
480 ÷ 2 = 240 1 800 ÷ 9 = 200 400 ÷ 5 = 80

4.
a. b. c.

1 1 1
of 9 apples is 3 apples. of 12 flowers is 3 . of 15 fish is 3 fish.
3 4 5
2 2 2
of 9 apples is 6 apples. of 12 flowers is 6 . of 15 fish is 6 fish.
3 4 5
3 3 3
of 9 apples is 9 apples. of 12 flowers is 9 . of 15 fish is 9 fish.
3 4 5
4 4
of 12 flowers is 12 . of 15 fish is 12 fish.
4 5
5
of 15 fish is 15 fish.
5

5. a. 4, 8, 12 b. 4, 12, 20 c. 50, 150, 350

d. 70, 140, 350 e. 30, 210, 330 f. 7, 63, 350
6. a. Amy got $18 from her mum. She put $6 into her savings, which was one-third part of it.
18 ÷ 6 = 3
b. Mariana had $80 in savings and spent one-fourth of it, or $20.
80 ÷ 4 = 20
c. One- fifth of the group of 25 boys went jogging, which meant 5 boys went jogging.
25 ÷ 5 = 5
7. a. One kilogram is one-fourth part of the bag. It costs $0.80.
b. Three-fourths of the bag costs $2.40.
8. a. One-tenth of the pie weighs 120 grams.
b. Nine-tenths of the pie weighs 1 080 grams.
9. 28 ÷ 4 = 7, and 7 × 3 = 21. Three would cost $21.

12
Finding Fractional Parts with Division, cont.
10. You can solve this in several ways. One way is to use the idea that ¼ is half of ½ and that ⅛ is half of ¼. The other way
is to calculate ½ of $24.40 separately, ¼ of $24.40 separately, and 1/8 of $24.40 separately.
Mark: $12.20 Judy: $6.10 Art: $3.05 Grace: $3.05
11. Erica and James each had 28 balloons to sell. By the evening, Erica had sold 1/2 or 14 of her balloons.
James had sold 3/4 or 21 of his. Together they had sold 35 balloons.

Problems with Fractional Parts, p. 59

1. a. One slice weighs 20 grams. 6. a. They had 7/9 of the trip left, which was
b. Three slices weigh 60 grams. 12 600 ÷ 9 × 7 = 9 800 km.
c. Eleven slices weigh 220 grams. b. 12 600 km − 9 800 km = 2 800 km
2. a. Two-sixths of the pie weighs 150 grams. 7. $268 ÷ 4 × 3 = $201. It cost $201. She has $67 left.
b. It weighs 375 grams.
8. The amount of flour sent to New York was
3. If you need to calculate 5/9 of the number 729, 12 000 kg ÷ 10 × 3 = 3 600 kg.
first divide 729 by 9 ,
then multiply the result by 5 . 9. Edward worked (56 ÷ 4 ) × 3 = 42 hours.
5/9 of 729 is 405. James worked 21 hours.
Together they worked 56 + 42 + 21 = 119 hours.
4. $36.50 ÷ 5 × 2 = $14.60
5. The other washer costs $452 ÷ 4 × 3 = $339.

Problems to Solve, p. 61
1. $3.25 + 3 × $3.25 = $13 6. a. She had not used 1/5 of the full length of the ribbon,
which is 3 metres (15 m ÷ 5 = 3 m).
2. 1 200 are females. Since there are three times as many
females as males, we can divide the 1 600 workers into b. 240 cm (or 2 m 40 cm).
four parts. One-fourth part of 1 600 is 400. So, there are Subtract 3 m − 60 cm = 300 cm − 60 cm = 240 cm.
3 × 400 or 1 200 female workers.
7. There are 6 speckled chickens.
F F F M Solution: there are 18 white chickens (three that were
sold and 15 that were left), and that is 3/4 of all the
3. Cindy has $14 left. (Half of Cindy’s money is $14.) chickens.
4. 96 workers. Since 84 is 7/8 of the workers, 84 ÷ 7 = 12
gives you 1/8 of the workers, and then 8 × 12 = 96 is
the total amount.
So 18 ÷ 3 = 6 gives you 1/4 of the chickens (one block).
And then, one block, or six chickens, are speckled.
8. They would both cost $9 after the discount.
5. Mary got 16 pieces. One-third of the pieces is 8 pieces. One-fourth of $12 is $3, so the new price is $9.
One-third of $13.50 is $4.50, so the new price is $9.
9. Jackie paid $5.00. First find the total without the discount:
5 × $1.50 = $7.50. One-third of that is $2.50. The price
with discount is then $7.50 − $2.50 = $5.00

13
Divisibility, p. 64
1. a. 7; yes b. 6 R4; no c. 3 R2; no d. 12; yes
2. a. 24 R2, no b. 86 R1; no c. 418 R2; no
3. We know that 8 × 9 = 72. So, 8 is a factor of 72, and so is 9.
Also, 72 is a multiple of 8, and also 72 is a multiple of 9.
And, 72 is divisible by 8 and also by 9.
4. a. Is 5 a factor of 55? b. Is 8 a divisor of 45?
Yes, because 5 × 11 = 55. No, because 45 ÷ 8 = 5 R5.
c. Is 36 a multiple of 6? d. Is 34 a multiple of 7?
Yes, because 6 × 6 = 36. No, because 34 ÷ 7 = 4 R6.
e. Is 7 a factor of 46? f. Is 63 a multiple of 9?
No, because 46 ÷ 7 = 6 R4. Yes, because 7 × 9 = 63.
(It is not an even division.)

5. a. 0, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154
b. 0, 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, 999, 1 110, 1 221, 1 332, 1 443, 1 554, 1 665
6.
divisible divisible divisible divisible
number number number number
by 2 by 5 by 2 by 5 by 2 by 5 by 2 by 5
755 x 760 x x 765 x 750 x x
756 x 761 766 x 751
757 762 x 767 752 x
758 x 763 768 x 753
759 764 x 769 754 x

7.
divisible divisible divisible
number number number
by 2 by 5 by 10 by 2 by 5 by 10 by 2 by 5 by 10
860 x x x 865 x 870 x x x
861 866 x 871
862 x 867 872 x
863 868 x 873
864 x 869 874 x

If a number is divisible by 10, it ends in zero, so it is ALSO divisible by 2 and 5 .

8. a. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60
This is also a list of multiples of (or multiplication table of) 2.
b. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60
These are every other number in the list of multiples of 2.
c. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60
These are every third number in the list of multiples of 2, or every third even number divisible by 6.
d. 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 - or multiples of 12.
9. a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60
This is also a list of multiples of (or multiplication table of) 3.
b. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60
These are every second number in the list of multiples of 3.
c. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60
These are every third number in the list of multiples of 3.

14
Divisibility, continued
10. 18, 36, 54
11. 1
12. It is also a multiple of 1, 2, 10, and 20.
Mystery number: 33 and 60

Prime Numbers, p. 68
divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible
number
by 1 by 2 by 3 by 4 by 5 by 6 by 7 by 8 by 9 by 10
2 x x
3 x x
4 x x x
5 x x
6 x x x x
7 x x
8 x x x x
9 x x x
10 x x x x
11 x
12 x x x x x
13 x
14 x x x
15 x x x
16 x x x x
17 x
18 x x x x x
19 x
20 x x x x x
21 x x x
22 x x
23 x
24 x x x x x x
25 x x
26 x x
27 x x x
28 x x x x
29 x
30 x x x x x x
31 x
32 x x x x
33 x x
34 x x
35 x x x

2. Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31

15
Prime Numbers, continued
3. Answers will vary, as you can write a composite number as a product in many different ways.
a. 33 is composite. b. 52 is composite. c. 41 is prime.
33 = 3 × 11 52 = 2 × 26
d. 39 is composite. e. 43 is prime. f. 45 is composite.
39 = 3 × 13 45 = 5 × 9

4. divisible divisible
number digit sum number digit sum
by 3? by 3?
98 17 no 888 24 yes
105 6 yes 1 045 10 no
567 18 yes 1 338 15 yes
59 14 no 612 9 yes

5. divisible divisible divisible

number number number
by 7? by 7? by 7?
99 no 24 no 85 no
74 no 100 no 63 yes
56 yes 84 yes 105 yes

6. Answers will vary, as you can write a composite number as a product in many different ways.

a. 67 is prime. b. 57 is composite. c. 47 is prime.

57 = 3 × 19
d. 53 is prime. e. 63 is composite. f. 61 is prime.
63 = 7 × 9
g. 93 is composite. h. 85 is composite. i. 91 is composite.
93 = 3 × 31 85 = 5 × 17 91 = 7 × 13
j. 87 is composite. k. 79 is prime. l. 97 is prime.
87 = 3 × 29

Finding Factors, p. 71
1.
a. factors: 1, 2, 3, 6 b. factors: 1, 2, 5, 10
c. factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 d. factors: 1, 3, 5, 15
e. factors: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 f. factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

2. Only Olivia’s work was totally correct.

a. Aiden found all the factors of 34: b. Olivia found all the factors of 28:
34 = 2 × 18 34 = 2 × 17 28 = 1 × 28 28 = 2 × 14
34 = 1 × 17 34 = 1 × 34 28 = 4 × 7
The factors are 1, 2, 17, 18, 34 The factors are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28.
c. Jayden found all the factors of 33: d. Isabella found all the factors of 36:
33 = 1 × 33 36 = 6 × 6 36 = 3 × 12 36 = 3 × 12
33 = 3 × 13 33 = 3 × 11 36 = 4 × 9 36 = 1 × 36
The factors are 1, 3, 13, 11, 33. The factors are 4, 6, and 9. Also 1, 2, 3, 12, 18, 36

16
Finding Factors, continued
3.
a. factors: 1, 2, 23, 46 b. factors: 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68
c. factors: 1, 3, 9, 11, 33, 99 d. factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
e. factors: 1, 73 f. factors: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80
g. factors: 1, 5, 19, 95 h. factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64

Mixed Revision Chapter 5, p. 73

1. a. 4 284 b. 49 068
2. a. 84; 80 b. 20; 54 c. 1 090; 90
3.
Estimate:
Exact: 6 859
1 568 + 4 839 + 452
↓ ↓ ↓
≈ 1 600 + 4 800 + 500 = 6 900

4. a. 3 998; 3 960; 3 991

b. 6 990; 9 970; 991
c. 1 900; 6 700; 9 400
5. a. 34 268 b. 800 046 c. 406 780
6.
a. 3 m = 300 cm b. 2 m 5 mm = 2 005 mm c. 9 m 2 cm = 902 cm
9 m = 9 000 mm 7 m 8 cm = 708 cm 10 m 11 mm = 10 011 mm

7. a. 5 400 = 90 × 60 b. 16 × 20 = 8 × 40
c. 7 × 49 + 49 = 8 × 49 d. 24 000 = 300 × 80
e. 7 × 13 = 5 × 13 + 26 f. 1 500 − 500 = 5 × 200

8. a. Estimate: 8 weeks (8 × $50 = $400). Exact: 9 weeks, because 9 × $45 = $405. He will have $6 left over.
b. She needs 230 cm of string, 69 sheets of paper, and 46 egg cartons.

c. James had 25 marbles.

Revision, Chapter 5, p. 75
1.
a. b. c.
20 ÷ 10 + 15 = 17 (200 + 100) ÷ 5 = 60 10 × 12 + 40 ÷ 10 = 124
20 × 10 + 15 = 215 200 + 100 ÷ 5 = 220 10 × (12 + 40) ÷ 10 = 52

2.
a. 3 100 ÷ 100 = 31 b. 240 ÷ 20 = 12 c. 4 200 ÷ 600 = 7
450 ÷ 10 = 45 800 ÷ 40 = 20 3 200 ÷ 80 = 40

17
Revision, Chapter 5, continued
3.
a. b. c.
45 ÷ 6 = 7 R3 12 ÷ 7 = 1 R5 31 ÷ 4 = 7 R3
46 ÷ 6 = 7 R4 27 ÷ 8 = 3 R3 56 ÷ 9 = 6 R2

4. a. 236 b. 188
5. a. 78 R2 b. 474 R1
6. 288 ÷ 4 = 72. Timmy has 72 seashells.
7. a. 70 ÷ 12 = 5 R10. Mark had five full boxes of candles.
b. One box had ten candles.
8. $38.88 ÷ 4 = $9.72. One yard cost $9.72.
9. (92 + 85 + 89 + 75 + 89) ÷ 5 = 86. John’s average score was 86.
10.
Number 13 40 57 135 354 2,380
Divisible by 3 x x x
Divisible by 5 x x x
Divisible by 10 x x

11.
a. Is 7 a factor of 64? b. Is 98 a multiple of 2?
No, because it does not divide evenly into 64. Yes, because it is an even number.
OR No, because 64 ÷ 7 = 9 R1; there is a remainder. OR Yes, because 2 × 49 = 98.
c. Is 76 divisible by 8? d. Is 30 a factor of 30?
No, because 76 ÷ 8 = 9 R4; the division is not even. Yes, because 1 × 30 = 30.

12.
a. 87 is composite. b. 89 is prime. c. 91 is composite.
87 = 3 × 29 91 = 7 × 13

13.
a. factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 b. factors: 1, 3, 9, 27
c. factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, 66 d. factors: 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 75

Puzzle corner:
5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 77, 83, 89, 95

18
Chapter 6: Geometry

Revision: Area of Rectangles, p. 82

1. a. 3 cm × 2 cm = 6 cm2 b. 1 m × 1 m = 1 m2 c. 4 km × 8 km = 32 km2
2. a. 5 in b. 10 cm c. 25 m
3.
a. 12 cm × s = 96 cm2 b. 20 cm × s = 1 000 cm2
s = 8 cm s = 50 cm

4. a. 9 m × s = 45 m2 s = 5 m
b. 20 m × s = 500 m2 s = 25 m

5. 90 cm × 60 cm = 5 400 cm2
6. a. 4 × (2 + 5) = 4 × 2 + 4 × 5 = 8 + 20 = 28
b. 3 × (5 + 2) = 3 × 5 + 3 × 2 = 15 + 6 = 21
7. a. A = 9 m × (9 m + 23 m)
= 9 m × 9 m + 9 m × 23 m
= 81 m2 + 207 m2 = 288 m2

b. 207 m2 − 81 m2 = 126 m2
8. Check the student’s drawings. a. 4 cm b. 3 cm c. 1 m

Problem Solving: Area of Rectangles, p. 85

1. a. There are several possible number sentences, depending on how you divide the shape into rectangles.
4 × 5 + 3 × 2 + 2 × 6 = 20 + 6 + 12 = 38 square units
or 4 × 2 + 8 × 3 + 2 × 3 = 8 + 24 + 6 = 38 square units
b. Here it is handy to use subtraction. 7 × 6 − 3 × 2 = 36 square units
2. a.

b. 25 cm × (20 cm + 40 cm + 20 cm) = 25 cm × 80 cm = 2 000 cm2.

3. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers. For example:

10 × 1 + 2 × 6 = 22 square units 2 × 5 + 6 × 2 = 22 square units

4. The area is 15 m × 15 m − 9 m × 6 m = 225 m2 − 54 m2 = 171 m2.

5. a. 3 m × 3m + 7 m × 5 m + 3 m × 3 m = 9 m2 + 35 m2 + 9 m2 = 53 m2.
b. Divide the shape into two rectangles. That can be done in two ways. One way results in the calculation
32 m × 16 m + 12 m × 24 m = 512 m2 + 288 m2 = 800 m2.

19
Revision: Area and Perimeter, p. 87
1. a. perimeter b. volume c. area

2. a. perimeter = 32 cm area = 48 cm2

b. perimeter = 200 cm area = 2 500 cm2

3. a. perimeter = 16 cm area = 7 cm2

b. perimeter = 32 cm area = 28 cm2. Notice that when the perimeter gets doubled, the area gets quadrupled.
4. You can also use a letter or other symbol for the unknown, instead of ?.
a. 9 cm + ? + 9 cm + ? = 32 cm. Solution: ? = 7 cm.
b. 15 cm + ? + 15 cm + ? = 44 cm or 15 cm + ? = 22 cm. Solution: ? = 7 cm.
c. ? + ? + ? + ? = 24 m or ? + ? = 12 m or 4 × ? = 24 m. Solution: ? = 6 m.

d. 5 cm. The number sentence would be s × s = 25 cm2. Its perimeter is 20 cm.

5.

a. Sides 4 and 5 units; b. Sides 3 and 5 units; c. Sides 3 and 7 units;

area 20 square units, area 15 square units, area 21 square units,
perimeter 18 units. perimeter 16 units. perimeter 20 units.

6. 516 mm ÷ 6 = 86 mm
7. First divide the building into two rectangles. That can be done in two different
ways. One way is shown on the right.
a. The number sentence is then: 18 m × 33 m + 42 m × 18 m.
b. The area is 18 m × 33 m + 42 m × 18 m
= 594 m2 + 756 m2 = 1 350 m2.

c. The area of the whole plot of land is 80 m × 35 m = 2 800 m2 .

We subtract the area of the school to get the area of the actual yard:
2 800 m2 − 1 350 m2 = 1 450 m2 .
8. a. & b.

Length Width Area Fencing needed

Sheep yard 1 20 m 20 m 400 m2 80 m

Sheep yard 2 10 m 40 m 400 m2 100 m

Sheep yard 3 5m 80 m 400 m2 170 m

9. For example, 5 m by 10 m pen will work. Or, 6 m by 9 m. Or, 7 m by 8 m.

Puzzle corner. The width of the inside rectangle is 19 cm − 2 cm − 2 cm = 15 cm. The height of the inner rectangle is
14 cm − 2 cm − 2 cm = 10 cm. The area is 15 cm × 10 cm = 150 cm2.

20
Lines, Rays, and Angles, p. 91

1. a. Ray b. line c. line segment MN

2.

3. angle MAS or angle SAM

4. a. angle EDF or angle FDE
b. angle ACE or angle ECA
5. Answers will vary. Check students’ answers. For example:

6. a. The second angle is bigger. b. the second angle c. the first angle
d. the second angle e. the first angle f. the second angle

Measuring Angles, p. 94
1. a. 35° b. 72° c. 18° d. 50°
2. a. 75° b. 100°
c. 144° d. 135°
e. 173° f. 93°
3. It is 180° −146° = 34°.
4. a. 70° b. 45° c. 148° d. 125° e. 76° f. 107° g. 14°
5. a. acute b. right c. straight
d. right e. acute f. obtuse
g. acute h. acute i. obtuse
6. Check students’ work. For example:

a. b.

c.
7. The three angles measure 45° (acute), 102° (obtuse), 33° (acute).

21
Drawing Angles, p. 101
1. Check the student’s answers.

2. This is the general shape of the triangle

with 85 and 25-degree angles:

3. This is the general shape of the triangle with 30 and 60-degree

angles. The student's triangle may also be a mirror
image of this. Note: the third angle will be a right angle.

Estimating Angles, p. 103

1. a. 60° b. 150°
2. Answers will vary. The following are the exact measurements.
a. 30° b. 45° c. 100°
d. 60° e. 160° f. 80°
3. Answers will vary. The following are the exact measurements.
a. 40° b. 10° c. 15°
d. 120° e. 270° f. 210°
4. Answers will vary. The following are the exact measurements: 60°, 30°, 90°.
5. Answers will vary. Check the student's answers.
6.

a. The drum b. The caterpillar

c. The train d. The top

22
Estimating Angles, continued

7.

8.

Puzzle corner: A SUPER TURNER

Angle Problems, p. 108

1. Yes. You can subtract the angle measure of ∠DBC from 90° to get the measure of ∠ABD.
2. a. 74° b. 58°
c. 65° d. 63°
3. a. 35° b. 45°
4. a. 38° + x = 72°; x = 34°
b. 37° + x = 90°; x = 53°
c. 47° + 23° + x = 122°; x = 52°
d. 34° + x = 105°; x = 71°

Angle BAD is a
straight angle, so
it measures 180°.

5. a. 68° b. 88°
6. a. 29° + x = 180°; x = 151°
b. x + 54° = 180°; x = 126°

23
Angle Problems, continued

There are THREE angles in this picture

that share the same vertex. Notice that
they three make a complete circle!
Measure them. Find the sum of the
angle measures.
Angle A: 155°
Angle B: 80°
Angle C: 125°
Sum: 360°

7. a. 28° + 116° + 54° + x = 360°; x = 162°

b. 57° + 113° + x = 360°; x = 190°.
8. The sum of all three angle measures is 300°. (The first angle measures 180°, the second 90°, and the last one 30°.)
9. Measure first the smaller angle that you can measure with the protractor, marked with
a dashed line. It is 102°. Then subtract that from 360°: 360° − 102° = 258°. That is
the measurement of the angle in question.
Puzzle corner. a. It is 360° ÷ 8 = 45°. b. 120°. (First divide 360° by six, then double that.)

Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, p. 113

1. They are not parallel. They intersect.
7. Answers will vary. For example:
2. a. Line segments AB and BC are perpendicular .
Line segments AD and BC are parallel.
b. Line segments EF and GH are parallel .
Line segments EH and FG are parallel .

3.

8. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers.

For example:
4.

5.

9. AF ⊥ FB AF ∥ BE
a. b.
FB ⊥ BE AB ∥ FE
6. Answers will vary. Check students’ answers.

24
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, cont.
10. a. AB ⊥ AD, AD ⊥ CD, AB ∥ CD
b. AB ⊥ s, r ⊥ t, t ⊥ u, r ∥ u

c. s ⊥ t, s ⊥ BC, s ⊥ FE,
AF ∥ CD, AB ∥ DE, BC ∥ EF, EF ∥ t, BC ∥ t.

Parallelograms, p. 118
1. a. Answers will vary. For example:
b. Answers will vary, but the opposite sides should measure the same.
2. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers. The opposite sides should
measure the same (be congruent), as also should the opposite corners.
3. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers. For example:

4. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers. For example:

5. a. trapezium b. parallelogram c. trapezium d. rhombus

6. a. The image is not to scale:

b. a rhombus. (It is also a parallelogram.)

7. A: trapezium B: parallelogram C: trapezium
D: rectangle E: rhombus F: (no special name or a scalene quadrilateral)
Puzzle corner:
Yes. A rectangle is a parallelogram, because its opposite sides are parallel.
A square is a parallelogram, too.
A square is a rhombus, yes.
The rectangle in the question is not a rhombus.

25
Triangles, p. 121
1. a. and b. Use a protractor or a triangular ruler to draw 6. a. acute
the right angle. b. right
c. The other two angles in a right triangle are acute. c. obtuse
d. acute
A right triangle has one right angle. e. The black triangle is obtuse.
The other two angles are acute. The red triangle is acute.

2. c. In an obtuse triangle the other two angles are acute.

An obtuse triangle has one obtuse angle.

The other two angles are acute. 7. a.
b. The measure of the third angle is 105°.
3. a. b. Answers will vary. Check the student’s answers. c. It is an obtuse triangle.
All the angles should be acute (less than 90°).

4. Right triangles have exactly one right angle,

and the other two angles are acute .
Obtuse triangles have exactly one obtuse angle,
and the other two angles are acute .
8. a.
Acute triangles have three acute angles. b. The measure of the third angle is 15°.
c. It is an obtuse triangle.
5. a. obtuse
b. acute
c. acute
d. obtuse
e. acute 9. a.
f. right b. The measure of the third angle is 90°.
g. Triangle ABD: right. c. It is a right triangle.
Triangle ACD: obtuse.
Triangle BCD: right.

Line Symmetry, p. 125

1. a. no b. yes c. yes d. no e. no f. no g. no h. yes i. yes

2. a. b. c. d.

e.

f.

...and many more. Any diameter of a circle (a line through its centre point) is its symmetry line.
3. You can draw a vertical symmetry line in the letters A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, and Y.
You can draw a horizontal symmetry line in the letters B, C, D, E, H, I, K, O, and X.

26
Line Symmetry, continued

4. a. b. c. d.
5. Check the student's answers.

Mixed Revision Chapter 6, p. 128

1.

a. b. c.
3 kg = 3 000 g 5 L = 5 000 ml 9 km = 9 000 m
7 kg 400 g = 7 400 g 2 L 60 ml = 2 060 ml 4 km 250 m = 4 250 m
2 050 g = 2 kg 50 g 3 450 ml = 3 L 450 ml 16 005 m = 16 km 5 m

2. a. There are 1 1/2 litres left now.

b. Six glasses got filled.
3. a. Eight half-kilogram bags weigh more (they weigh a total of 4 kg).
b. 200 grams more
4. a. 8 cm
b. 24 cm
5. a. 960 b. 508 c. 1 670 d. 1 099

6.
Weight (ounces) Frequency
83..88 3
89..94 6
95..100 6
101..106 3
107..112 1
113..118 1

7. a. The silverware set costs $4 × $13 = $52. The two items together cost $13 + $52 = $65.
b. He still has $200 − 8 × $18 = $56.
c. From 22:15 p.m. till 7:00 a.m. is 8 hours 45 minutes. But he did not sleep from 3:30 till 5:10, which is 1 hour
40 minutes. So, we subtract those two mounts and get that he slept 8 h 45 min − 1 h 40 min = 7 h 5 min.

27
Revision, Chapter 6, p. 130
1. Subtract 14 m − 3 m = 11 m to get the length of the 8. Task b. is possible to do. Answers will vary as the other
two longer sides together. Then, each of the longer two angles can vary. For example:
sides is half of that, or 5 ½ m.
Side 1: 5 ½ m; Side 2: 3 m; Side 3: 5 ½ m

2. The area is 320 m2.

First, divide the shape into two rectangles. You
need to use subtraction to find some missing lengths
of sides.

9. Check the student’s drawing.

10. They are right triangles.

11. AB ∥ m, BC ∥ n,
AC ⊥ m, AB ⊥ AC
12. Answers will vary. Check the student’s drawing.
The upper rectangle is 24 m × 8 m so its area is 192 m2.
The lower rectangle is 8 m × 16 m so its area is 128 m2.
In total, the area is 320 m2.
13. a.
3. a. 100° b. 33°
4. a. right b. acute c. obtuse d. acute e. acute
f. right g. right h. obtuse i. right j. obtuse b. not symmetrical
k. obtuse
5. Check the student’s answer. Here is one such angle: c.

d. not symmetrical

e.

6. It is 84°. The student can figure it out in any manner.

If we use an equation, we write:
64° + x + 32° = 180°; x = 84°.
7.

28
Chapter 7: Fractions

One Whole and Its Fractional Parts, p. 138

1.

a. Colour 1 part. b. Colour 5 parts. c. Colour 8 parts. d. Colour 3 parts.

1 11 5 5 8 1 3 4
and and and and
12 12 10 10 9 9 7 7

2.

9 3 12 4 5
a. 1 = b. 1 = c. 1 = d. 1 = e. 1 =
9 3 12 4 5

3. a. 1/4 of the pie is left. b. 5/6 of the pizza is left.

c. 1/5 of the bar.
4. a. 2/5 b. 4/5 c. 1 4/5 d. 2 3/5 e. 3 1/5 f. 4 2/5 g. 5 3/5
5. a. 2/6 b. 5/6 c. 1 1/6 d. 1 4/6 e. 2 3/6 f. 2 5/6
6. a. 1/3 b. 1 1/3 c. 1 2/3 d. 2 2/3

7.

8.

a. Colour 1 part. b. Colour 10 parts. c. Colour 3 parts. d. Colour 15 parts.

1 5 10 2 3 5 15 85
+ =1 + =1 + =1 + =1
6 6 12 12 8 8 100 100

9. a. 1/4 b. 1/7 c. 7/8 d. 1/12

10. a. 2/4 or 1/2 litre
b. 14/20 of the bread is left.
11. a. 1/10 of 90 km = 9 km. Then, 4/10 of 90 km = 36 km.
b. First, divide $45.50 into five parts: $45.50 ÷ 5 = $9.10. Cindy pays 2/5 of the bill, or double that, which is $18.20.
Sandy pays the rest, or $27.30.
c. 7/9 is left. $2 100 is left. One-ninth of his pay cheque is $300, so seven-ninths of it is 7 × $300 = $2 100.

29
Mixed Numbers, p. 141
1. a. 2 3/4 b. 1 1/2 c. 4 2/10
d. 8 1/3 e. 2 4/9 f. 3 5/6
2.

2 2 2 4 1 4
a. 2 + =3 b. 2 + =3 c. 1 + =2
4 4 6 6 5 5

1 2 3 1 3 3
d. 5 + =6 e. 3 + =4 f. 1 + =2
3 3 4 4 6 6

3. a. 3/4 b. 8/10 c. 5/9 d. 7/8

4.

a. 2 = 6/3 b. 3 = 6/2 c. 3 = 12/4

5.

12 9 4 35 60
a. 3 = b. 1 = c. 4 = d. 7 = e. 6 =
4 9 1 5 10

7 60 60 48 250
f. 7 = g. 10 = h. 20 = i. 24 = j. 50 =
1 6 3 2 5

6.
2 4 7 9 20 4 20 40 44 120
a. 1 = = = = = b. 4 = = = = =
2 4 7 9 20 1 5 10 11 30

7. a. 3 b. 9 c. 30 d. 9 e. 30
8. Answers will vary. For example:
a. 4/5 = 1/5 + 1/5 + 2/5 or 1/5 + 3/5 or 2/5 + 2/5
b. 5/8 = 1/8 + 1/8 + 3/8 or 2/8 + 3/8 or 2/8 + 2/8 + 1/8
c. 9/12 = 3/12 + 3/12 + 3/12 or 2/12 + 5/12 + 2/12 or 1/12 + 4/12 + 4/12
d. 4/3 = 2/3 + 2/3 or 1/3 + 3/3
e. 9/6 = 1/6 + 8/6 or 2/6 + 7/6 or 3/6 + 6/6
9. She can still pour 3/4 litre of water into the pitcher.
10. There is two-thirds of a kilogram of extra beef.
11. He had 1 7/12 of the bread left.
12. Your train of cars would be 13 ½ cm long.
13. She needs five scoops of flour.
Puzzle corner.
a. It is not correct. You could change the total to 3 2/4 to make it correct, or change one of the addends
to be 1/4 less than in the problem.
b. It is correct.

30
Mixed Numbers and Fractions, p. 145
1. a. 1 7/8 b. 1 2/3 c. 2 1/5
d. 2 3/4 e. 3 4/6 f. 3 1/2
2. a. 2 3/5 b. 3 2/3 c. 5 3/4 d. 8 1/2
e. 3 5/7 f. 6 1/9 g. 2 2/10 h. 7 2/8
3. a. 13/9 b. 8/5 c. 21/8
4. a. 12/5 b. 4/3 c. 13/4 d. 9/2
e. 21/4 f. 19/3 g. 26/3 h. 81/10
5.

6. a. 7 3/6 b. 22/3 c. 2 7/20 d. 23/6

e. 5 3/4 f. 22/5 g. 4 6/7 h. 43/4
7. Answers will vary. For example:
a. 2 5/7 = 1 + 6/7 + 6/7
2 5/7 = 1 2/7 + 5/7 + 5/7
2 5/7 = 4/7 + 10/7 + 5/7
b. 2 = 5/6 + 3/6 + 4/6
2 = 1 2/6 + 1/6 + 3/6
2 = 4/6 + 1 1/6 + 1/6
8. The library has 2 610 ÷ 9 × 7 = 2 030 children's fiction books.
And it has 2 610 − 2 030 = 580 children's nonfiction books.
9. a. 11/12 b. 7/9 c. 11/15 d. 13/20
10. a. 16/2 b. 70/7 c. 66/11 d. 80/4 e. 96/8

Adding Fractions, p. 148

1.

1 3 4 2 5 7
a. + = b. + =
6 6 6 8 8 8

7 7 14 6 7 5 12 2
c. + = = 1 d. + = =1
8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10

31
Adding Fractions, cont.
2.

3 4 2 2 4 1
a. + = 1 b. 1 + = 2
5 5 5 5 5 5

13 6 9 3 6 1
c. + =1 d. 1 + = 2
10 10 10 8 8 8

3. a. 2/6 b. 1 c. 7/8
d. 1 2/5 e. 2
f. 1 8/10 g. 1 2/4
4. 3/12 + 2/12 + 4/12 = 9/12. The children ate 9/12 of the chocolate bar. There is 3/12 left.
5. a. 2 2/5 b. 2 6/8 c. 2
6. a. 9/12 b. 3/6 c. 4/8

Adding Mixed Numbers, p. 150

1.

3 2 3 6 2
a. 1 + 2 = 4 b. 1 + 2 = 4
5 5 7 7 7

3 6 1 8 5 4
c. 1 + 1 = 3 d. + 1 = 2
8 8 8 9 9 9

2. a. 5 b. 7 1/6
c. 13 1/4 d. 10 2/8
e. 27 2/6 f. 12 2/10
3. These answers can be fixed in different ways. For example:
a. In the first one, Emma has one seventh b. In the first one, Peter is lacking one third
too much. The second one is correct. from the addition. In the second one, he
has one third too much.
5 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1
1 = +1 + 2 = + + +
7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 3

5 10 2 1 5 2
1 = + 2 = +
7 7 7 3 3 3

4. Answers will vary. For example:

a. 1 3/10 = 1 + 3/10 or 5/10 + 8/10 or 4/10 + 9/10 or 2/10 + 11/10
b. 3 1/5 = 4/5 + 12/5 or 10/5 + 6/5 or 8/5 + 8/5 or 1/5 + 15/5

32
Adding Mixed Numbers, cont.
5. a. 1 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 = 2 1/2. The recipe calls for 2 1/2 cups of flour.
b. 1 3/4 + 1 1/4 = 3. They took three hours.
c. 1 1/2 + 3/4 = 2. He drank 2 litres of liquid.
6. 6 5/10 + 6 5/10 + 7 3/10 + 7 3/10 = 13 + 14 6/10 = 27 6/10. Its perimeter is 27 6/10 cm (27.6 cm).
7. 2 3/8 + 2 3/8 + 2 3/8 = 6 9/8 = 7 1/8. Its perimeter is 7 1/8 metres.
8. For the amount of sugar, 1 2/4 is also acceptable, and for the amount of flour, 2 2/4 cups is also acceptable, as students
have not yet been taught how to simplify fractions.

A birthday cake
8 eggs
1 1/2 (or 1 2/4) cups sugar
2 1/2 (or 2 2/4) cups flour
3 tsp baking powder
2 cups whipped cream
sliced fruit

Puzzle corner:
a. 1 1/5 b. 1 3/4 c. 1 3/6

Equivalent Fractions, p. 153

1.

= = = =

1 4 3 6 6 3 8 2
a. = b. = c. = d. =
2 8 4 8 10 5 12 3

= = =

1 4 2 4 10 5
e. = f. 1 = 1 g. 1 = 1
3 12 3 6 12 6

2.

3 6 4 8 7 14
a. = b. = c. =
3 6 3 6 3 6

1 2 2 4 2 4
d. 2 = 2 e. 1 = 1 f. 2 = 2
3 6 3 6 3 6

3.

4 8 3 1
a. = b. =
5 10 9 3

33
Equivalent Fractions, continued

4. a. b. c.
1 2 1 4 1 3
= = =
2 4 2 8 4 12

d. e. f.
1 3 5 10 2 6
= = =
3 9 6 12 5 15

Can you notice a shortcut for finding the second fraction without using a picture?

g. h. i.
2 8 4 8 3 9
= = =
3 12 5 10 4 12

1 3 3 6
If you found the shortcut, = =
explain how it works in 3 9 5 10
these problems: Multiply the top and Multiply the top and
bottom numbers by 3. bottom numbers by 2.

5.

a. Each piece is split b. Each piece is split c. Each piece is split

into 3 new ones. into 4 new ones. into 5 new ones.
× 3 × 4 × 5

3 9 1 4 1 5
= = =
4 12 3 12 2 10

× 3 × 4 × 5

d. e. f.

× 4 × 3 × 4

1 4 2 6 2 8
= = =
4 16 3 9 3 12

× 4 ×3 × 4

g. h. i.

× 2 × 5 × 3

4 8 2 10 2 6
= = =
5 10 3 15 5 15

× 2 × 5 × 3

34
Equivalent Fractions, continued
6. a. 15/18 b. 15/20 c. 8/20 d. 90/100
7.
a. Pieces were split b. Pieces were split c. Pieces were split d. Pieces were split
into 3 new ones. into 10 new ones. into 6 new ones. into 5 new ones.

1 3 3 30 2 12 7 35
= = = =
2 6 10 100 5 30 8 40

2 4 3 9 5 10 1 3
e. = f. = g. = h. =
3 6 5 15 6 12 3 9

8.

1 10 3 30 6 60 4 40 13 130
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100

9.

10.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5
a. = = = = = = b. = = = =
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 3 6 9 12 15

11. a. 18/100 b. 73/100 c. 75/100

d. 99/100 e. 93/100 f. 114/100 or 1 14/100
g. 147/100 or 1 47/100 h. 3 78/100 i. 102/100 or 1 2/100
12. Answers will vary. For example:

1 4
=
3 12

Puzzle corner:

3 1 1 3 2 2
a. + b. + c. +
4 2 5 10 3 9
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
3 2 5 1 2 3 5 6 2 8
+ = = 1 + = + =
4 4 4 4 10 10 10 9 9 9

35
Subtracting Fractions and Mixed Numbers, p. 158
1. a. 8/10 b. 4/12 c. 2 2/6
d. 1 2/9 e. 6/4 = 1 2/4 f. 2 4/8
g. 3 4/12 h. 2/10 i. 3 4/12 j 1/8
2. a. 3/6 b. 6/10 c. 3/8 d. 3/5
3.

2 6 1 5 3 7 2 4
a. 3 − b. 2 − c. 5 − 2 d. 7 − 4
10 10 7 7 9 9 5 5
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
12 6 6 8 5 3 12 7 5 7 4 3
2 − = 2 1 − = 1 4 − 2 = 2 6 − 4 = 2
10 10 10 7 7 7 9 9 9 5 5 5

4. 6 1/4 b. 5 1/9 c. 3 1/2 d. 7 2/5

5. There are 2 9/12 of the pies left.
6. a. 1 1/5 b. 1 2/5 c. 2/5
7. a. 1 2/4 b. 2 6/8 c. 3 2/6
d. 4/5 e. 4 3/5 f. 2 2/3
8. It is 1 km. Half of the perimeter is 2 ½ km, and the two sides add up to that (1 km + 1 ½ km = 2 ½ km).
9.

6 15 7 38 54 2
a. − b. − c. −
10 100 10 100 100 10
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
60 15 45 70 38 32 54 20 34
− = − = − =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

10. 6 − 2 2/3 = 3 1/3. The part left is 3 1/3 metres long.

11. 11/12 of a pizza is left. Edward, Abigail, Jack, and John ate 13 pieces, which is 1 1/12 of a pizza. Since Mum and Dad
ate 1 pizza, in total 2 1/12 of the pizzas were consumed. So, 11/12 of a pizza is left.
12. a. 6 − 2 2/3 = 3 1/3. There is 3 1/3 cups of flour left.
b. She can make one more batch.
Puzzle corner. Half of the perimeter is 3 ¼ metres. We can write the addition: 1 ¾ + (?) = 3 ¼. Solution: (?) = 1 2/4 or 1 ½.
The other side is 1 ½ metres.

36
Comparing Fractions, p. 162
1. a. < b. > c. < d. >
2. a. > b. > c. > d. <
3. a. < b. > c. > d. > e. > f. < g. = h. <

3 3 6 2 5 6 1 1 5
4. a. , , b. , , c. , ,
8 6 8 5 6 5 7 4 8

5. a. > b. < c. < d. <

6. a. < b. < c. < d. < e. > f. < g. > h. > i. > j. >
7.

1 3 3 5 5 1 11 5
a. b. c. d.
5 10 4 8 12 3 12 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
2 3 6 5 5 4 11 10
< > > >
10 10 8 8 12 12 12 12

3 9 5 2 1 2 3 1
e. f. g. h.
4 12 9 3 3 9 12 3
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
9 9 5 6 3 2 3 4
= < > <
12 12 9 9 9 9 12 12

8. a. cannot compare b. 3/9 = 2/6 c. 7/10 > 5/8

d. cannot compare e. cannot compare f. cannot compare

1 3 2 5 2
9. , , , ,
3 8 5 8 3

10. Answers will vary. The student can use number lines, bars, circles, or other shapes. For example: <

11.

12. Angie ate more pizza. She ate 1/8 of the pizza more than Joe. That is because Joe ate 1/4 = 2/8 of the pizza.
13. Chloe does. She pays 3/10, which is 30/100, of her pay cheque in taxes.
14. If it is discounted 4/10 of its price, because 4/10 = 40/100.
15. a. The wholes are not the same size.

b. The student can use number lines, bars, circles, or other shapes. Using pie pictures, we get >

16.

3 3 1 3 3 1 4 2 6
a. , ,1 b. , , 1 c. , ,
7 5 7 8 6 4 9 3 5

Puzzle Corner. Dad ate more. Eating 2/3 of the smaller pizza, which is 1/2 the size of the larger pizza, is equal to eating 1/3
of the larger pizza. Dad ate 3/8 of the larger pizza. Now, 3/8 > 1/3 (see exercise #9), so Dad ate more pizza.

37
Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers, p. 166
1.

3 1 6 1 1 4 1 7
a. = 3× b. = 6× c. 4 × = d. 7 × =
7 7 9 9 5 5 10 10

2.

8 1 3 8 1 2 5 1
a. =8× b. 1 = =8× c. 1 = =5×
7 7 5 5 5 3 3 3

1 10 4 1 7 3 1 9
d. 10 × = =1 e. 7 × = = 1 f. 9 × = = 3
6 6 6 4 4 4 3 3

3. a. 10 × 1/6 = 10/6 = 1 4/6. She needs to buy at least 1 4/6 or 1 2/3 kg of chicken (which is about 1 kg 670 g).
b. Between 1 and 2.
c. 10 × 1/2 = 5. She needs 5 litres of juice.
4.

2 6 2 2 8 2 7 14 6
a. 3 × = =1 b. 4 × = = 1 c. 2 × = = 1
4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8

5.

3 15 7 2 8 3
a. 5× = = 1 b. 4× = = 1
8 8 8 5 5 5

7 35 11 6 30
c. 5× = = 2 d. 5× = = 3
12 12 12 10 10

5 45 5
e. 9× = = 5
8 8 8

Can you find a shortcut for these problems?

Answers will vary. For example: Multiply the top number of the fraction by the whole number.

2 8 2 4 12 2 5 10 4
f. 4 × = =2 g. 3 × = = 1 h. 2 × = = 1
3 3 3 10 10 10 6 6 6

6.

8 2 9 3 2 1
a. = 4× b. = 3× c. 2 = 2×1
5 5 4 4 3 3

7. a. 1 1/4 b. 2 c. 1 1/7 d. 1 4/10 e. 2 2/8 f. 14/100

g. 2 1/10 h. 72/100 i. 3 3/10 j. 3 1/8 k. 2 2/3 l. 3 2/4
8. 4 × 7/8 km = 28/8 km = 3 4/8 km (which also equals 3 1/2 km).
9. a. 6 × 3 2/5 cm = 18 12/5 cm = 20 2/5 cm (or 20 cm 4 mm).
b. Triple the previous result to get 60 6/5 cm = 61 1/5 cm (which is 60 cm 2 mm or 60.2 cm).
10. He needs to buy 8 × 1/8 kg = 1 kg of meat.

38
Practising With Fractions, p. 169

1.

2.

2 1 2 1 1 3
a. , , b. , ,
6 2 3 8 4 8

2 1 3 3 3 4
c. , , d. , ,
5 2 5 8 4 5

3. 3 × 4/5 km = 12/5 km = 2 2/5 km (which is 2 km 400 m).

4. Answers may vary.

= = = =

1 2 4 1 2 3
a. = b. =
3 6 12 4 8 12

= = = =

3 6 9 2 4 6
c. = d. =
4 8 12 5 10 15

5. a. 4/7 b. 3 1/3 c. 2 1/4

d. 2 e. 7 f. 2
6. a. 1 b. 1 3/8
c. 7 1/5 d. 8/12
e. 8/10 f. 4 2/4
7. Multiplying by one-half is actually the same as dividing by 2.

a. b. c.
1 1 1 1 1
2× = 1 7× = 3 15 × = 7
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
3× = 1 8× = 4 20 × = 10
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
4× = 2 9× = 4 17 × = 8
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
5× = 2 10 × = 5 21 × = 10
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
6× = 3 11 × = 5 32 × = 16
2 2 2 2

Puzzle Corner.
a. 1/2 + 3/8 = 4/8 + 3/8 = 7/8
b. 1/3 + 1/6 = 2/6 + 1/6 = 3/6
c. 1/3 + 2/9 = 3/9 + 2/9 = 5/9

39
Mixed Revision Chapter 7, p. 171
1.
a. 57 ÷ 5 = 11 R2 b. 34 ÷ 7 = 4 R6 c. 33 ÷ 9 = 3 R 6

11 × 5 + 2 = 57 4 × 7 + 6 = 34 3 × 9 + 6 = 33

2. a. 7 cm × 3 cm = 21 cm2 b. 25 km × 20 km = 500 km2 c. 2 m × 9 1/2 m = 19 m2

3. a. acute b. right c. obtuse d. right e. obtuse f. acute g. right h. right
4. a. Answers will vary. Check the student’s parallelogram. For example:
b. Answers will vary. The measurements in this picture are not to scale.
c. Answers will vary. The angles of the parallelogram on the right are
58°, 122°, 58°, and 122°.
5. a. 268 b. 277
6. a. 4 × 22 kg = 88 kg and 5 × 16 kg = 80 kg.
Four boxes 22 kg each weigh more. They weigh 8 kg more than five boxes 16 kg each.
b. 86 ÷ 25 = 3 R11. The teacher got to keep 11 balloons.
c. $9.73 ÷ 7 = $1.39 and 5 × $1.39 = $6.95. Five litres would cost $6.95.
7. $20 − ($7 + $5) = $8.

Revision, Chapter 7, p. 173

1. a. 1 b. 5 1/8 c. 7
d. 2/10 e. 1 2/4 f. 6 7/12
2. a. 7/10 b. 3/5 c. 4/5 d. 5/8
3. a. 33/100 b. 53/100 c. 1 17/100
4. 1 3/4 litres
5. Answers will vary. For example: =
6.
a. b.
×2 ×5 2 4 2 6
c. = d. =
5 10 3 9
3 6 1 5
= =
4 8 2 10
2 8 3 12
e. = f. =
3 12 4 16
×2 ×5

7. a. > b. < c. = d. > e. > f. > g. > h. <

8. a. 9/10 b. 1 1/5 c. 1 4/10 d. 99/100 e. 2 4/8 f. 2 9/12
9.
Mexican Coffee (4x)
6 cups strong gourmet coffee
3 tsp cinnamon
16 tsp chocolate syrup
1 tsp nutmeg
2 cup heavy cream
4 tbsp sugar

10. a. 40; 80 b. 8 cm; 40 cm c. 400 kg; $40

11. Since he has 1/4 of his birthday money left, he has $5 left.
12. One-eighth of 240 pages is 30 pages. She has 5/8 of the book left to read, which is 5 × 30 = 150 pages.

40
Chapter 8: Decimals

Decimal Numbers—Tenths, p. 178

1. a. 0.7 b. 2.4 c. 10.9 d. 9/10 e. 29 3/10
2. a. 0.6 = 6/10 b. 1.2 = 1 2/10 c. 2.9 = 2 9/10
3.

a.
c.
0.4 d.

b. 1.6

0.1 2.8

4. 7, 7 1/10, 7 2/10, 7 3/10, 7 4/10, 7 5/10, 7 6/10, 7 7/10, 7 8/10, 7 9/10, 8

5. a.

b.

6. a.

b. The temperatures 38.7°, 40.5°, and 41.8° are fever.

7. a. < b. > c. > d. < e. =
1 1
8. 0.1 0.9 1.2 2.3 2 2.6 3.0
2 2

Adding and Subtracting with Tenths, p. 180

1. a. 0.7 + 0.5 = 1.2
b. 0.6 + 0.8 = 1.4
c. 1.1 − 0.8 = 0.3
d. 1.3 − 0.4 = 0.9
e. 0.2 + 1.1 = 1.3
2. a. 9/10; 0.2 + 0.7 = 0.9
b. 1 1/10; 0.5 + 0.6 = 1.1
c. 1 7/10; 0.9 + 0.8 = 1.7
3. a. 1.1; 2.1
b. 1.2; 4.2
c. 1.5; 3.5
d. 0.9; 4.9
4. a. 3.2 b. 2.2 c. 6.1 d. 3
5. a. 5.3 b. 78.4 c. 63.4

41
Adding and Subtracting with Tenths, continued
6.
a. 0.1 b. 1.1 c. 2.5 d. 3.6
+ 0.2 = 0.3 + 0.5 = 1.6 + 0.3 = 2.8 − 0.4 = 3.2
+ 0.2 = 0.5 + 0.5 = 2.1 + 0.3 = 3.1 − 0.4 = 2.8
+ 0.2 = 0.7 + 0.5 = 2.6 + 0.3 = 3.4 − 0.4 = 2.4
+ 0.2 = 0.9 + 0.5 = 3.1 + 0.3 = 3.7 − 0.4 = 2
+ 0.2 = 1.1 + 0.5 = 3.6 + 0.3 = 4.0 − 0.4 = 1.6
+ 0.2 = 1.3 + 0.5 = 4.1 + 0.3 = 4.3 − 0.4 = 1.2
7. a. b. 2.4 cm

8. a. 5 mm; 12 mm
b. 0.7 cm; 3.5 cm
c. 1.4 cm; 7.4 cm
9. See the rectangle on the right. The perimeter is 20.2 cm.

Two Decimal Digits—Hundredths, p. 182

1. a. 0.08 = 8/100 b. 0.55 = 55/100 c. 1.50 = 1 50/100
d. 1.06 = 1 6/100 e. 3.70 = 3 70/100
2.

52 70 9 8
a. 0.52 = b. 0.70 = c. 0.09 = d. 1.08 = 1
100 100 100 100

Teaching box:
Now, draw nine tiny lines between 0.2 and 0.3, dividing that distance into TEN new parts.
If this process was repeated between 0.3 and 0.4, between 0.4 and 0.5, and so on, into
how many parts in total would the number line from 0 to 1 be divided? 100 parts
These new parts are therefore hundredth parts, or hundredths.

3.

4. 3.60, 3.61, 3.62, 3.63, 3.64, 3.65, 3.66, 3.67, 3.68, 3.69, 3.70
5. a. 0.01; 0.1
b. 0.04; 0.4
c. 0.31; 0.3
d. 2.03; 2.3
e. 7.5; 5.17
f. 10.1, 10.01

42
Two Decimal Digits—Hundredths, continued
6. fraction read as ...
a. 0.02 2/100 two hundredths
b. 1.49 1 49/100 one and forty-nine hundredths
c. 5.5 5 5/10 five and five tenths
d. 3.08 3 8/100 three and eight hundredths

7.

a. 0.50 = 0.5 b. 0.10 = 0.1 c. 0.80 = 0.8

50 5 10 1 80 8
= = =
100 10 100 10 100 10

8. $0.60
9. a. > b. < c. < d. =
10. a. 7.9 b. 15.4 and 15.40 (they are equal) c. 2.77 d. 9.3 e. 3.6 f. 0.4
11. a. > b. = c. >
d. = e. < f. >
g. < h. > i. >
j. < k. > l. <
12. a. 5.06 < 5.16 < 5.6 < 5.66
b. 7.70 < 7.77 < 7.78 < 7.8

Add and Subtract Decimals in Columns, p. 186

1. a. 62.29 b. 19.28 c. 183.39
2. a. 13.99 b. 49.89 c. 12.16
3. a. > b. < c. < d. <
e. > f. < g. < h. >
4. a. 14.03 b. 70.64 c. 4.84
5. a. 0.82 b. 15.63
6.
a. Mary did not line up the decimal points b. Jack did not regroup at all.
correctly. The correct answer: The correct answer:
9 9
4 5 . 5 8 10 10 10
+ 5 . 3 4 9 0 . 0 0
5 0 . 8 4 – 8 8 . 5 6
1 . 4 4

7. 2.78 kg
8. 11.25 m
9. 2.65 kg
Puzzle corner a. 4.8 + 40.8 + 4.08 = 49.68 b. 560 – 5.06 – 56 = 498.94

43
Add and Subtract Decimals Mentally, p. 189
1.
a. 0.05 + 0.04 = 0.09 b. 0.07 + 0.04 = 0.11 c. 0.37 – 0.06 = 0.31

5 4 9 7 4 11 37 6 31
+ = + = – =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

d. 0.45 + 0.65 = 1.10 e. 3.25 – 1.08 = 2.17

45 65 10 25 8 17
+ = 1 3 – 1 = 2
100 100 100 100 100 100

2. a. 0.12; 4.12
b. 0.95; 2.80
c. 1; 2.02
3.
a. 0.80 b. 2.90 c. 1.77
– 0.05 = 0.75 + 0.03 = 2.93 + 0.11 = 1.88
– 0.05 = 0.70 + 0.03 = 2.96 + 0.11 = 1.99
– 0.05 = 0.65 + 0.03 = 2.99 + 0.11 = 2.10
– 0.05 = 0.60 + 0.03 = 3.02 + 0.11 = 2.21
– 0.05 = 0.55 + 0.03 = 3.05 + 0.11 = 2.32
– 0.05 = 0.50 + 0.03 = 3.08 + 0.11 = 2.43

4. a. 0.96 b. 0.87 c. 0.63

d. 2.95 e. 4.92 f. 8.46
5.
a. 0.97 + 0.08 = 1.05 b. 0.92 + 0.09 = 1.01 c. 0.91 + 0.12 = 1.03

97 8 105 92 9 101 91 12 103

+ = + = + =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

d. 1.03 − 0.04 = 0.99 e. 1.12 − 0.16 = 0.96 f. 1.06 − 0.09 = 0.97

103 4 99 112 16 96 106 9 97

− = − = − =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

6. a. 1.01 b. 3.02 c. 0.96

d. 1.02 e. 4.06 f. 0.97
Teaching box:

0.2 + 0.05 = 0.25

If you are at 0.2 and go five hundredths (0.05) further, where will you end up?

44
Add and Subtract Decimals Mentally, continued
7.

a. 0.7 + 0.04
↓ ↓
0.70 + 0.04 = 0.74

b. 0.5 + 0.11
↓ ↓
0.50 + 0.11 = 0.61

8.

a. 0.10 + 0.05 = 0.15 b. 0.04 + 0.40 = 0.44 c. 0.60 − 0.09 = 0.51

10 5 15 4 40 44 60 9 51
+ = + = − =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

d. 0.60 + 0.22 = 0.82 e. 0.73 − 0.50 = 0.23 f. 0.90 − 0.13 = 0.77

60 22 82 73 50 23 90 13 77
+ = − = − =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

9.
a. 0.11 + 0.50 = 0.61 b. 0.24 − 0.20 = 0.04 c. 0.30 + 0.39 = 0.69
d. 0.22 + 0.70 = 0.92 e. 0.60 − 0.41 = 0.19 f. 0.97 − 0.70 = 0.27

10. It overswept.
11.

Puzzle corner. a. x = 0.15 b. x = 0.06 c. x = 0.18

Using Decimals with Measuring Units, p. 193

1. a. 400 m = 0.4 km
b. 700 m = 0.7 km
2. a. 0.5 km b. 0.9 km c. 200 m
3. a. 600 m: 1 100 m
b. 0.7 km; 1.8 km
c. 10 900 m; 24.6 km
4. a. Amanda walks 0.6 km.
b. Julie walks 2.4 km − 0.6 km = 1.8 km more.
5. Andrew ran a longer distance (2 400 m). He ran 2 400 m − 2 040 m = 360 m more.

45
Using Decimals with Measuring Units, cont.
6. a. 700 ml; 0.7 L
b. 300 ml; 0.3 L
c. 200 ml; 500 ml; 5 400 ml
d. 0.1 L; 1.5 L; 6.3 L
7. a. 0.6 kg; 2.4 kg
b. 200 g; 800 g
c. 20.5 kg; 7 100 g
8. There is 700 ml or 0.7 litres of juice left.
9. There is 7.3 litres, or 7 300 ml, left.
10. a. 350 g
b. 2 250 g. Change 2.6 kg to 2 600 g, and then subtract 2 600 g – 350 g = 2 250 g.

Mixed Revision Chapter 8, p. 195

1. a. 5/8 + 3/8 + 2/8 = 1 2/8
b. 1 7/12 + 7/12 = 2 2/12
2. a. 50/12 = 4 2/12 b. 28/9 = 3 1/9 c. 42/100
3. a. 1, 2, 19, 38
b. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
c. 1, 19 (it is prime)
4. a. ≈ 6 × 300 = 1 800 Exact: 1 752
b. ≈ 11 × 40 = 440 Exact 462
c. ≈ 3 × 2 400 = 7 200 Exact 7 092
d. ≈ 7 × 9 000 = 63 000 Exact 61 789
5. a. 90 b. 4 c. 30
6. a. 2:30 pm b. 7:15 pm c. 10:45 pm d. 7:50 am
7. Mum paid $24.00 and Terry paid $72.00.
8. First find 1/5 of $600, which is $120. Jack still has
to pay 2/5 of the price, which is 2 × $120 = $240.

9.

10. a.

b. 97°

46
Revision, Chapter 8, p. 197
1. a. 0.7 b. 0.07 c. 1.6 d. 2.41
e. 1.01 f. 0.47 g. 8/10 h. 2 9/10
i. 4 14/100 j. 18 8/100 k. 3/100 l. 29/100
2. a. > b. > c. <
d. = e. > f. =
g. < h. < i. >

3.

4. 0.1, 0.12, 0.2, 0.21, 1/2, 0.74, 0.8

5.

a. 0.70 + 0.03 = 0.73 b. 0.32 + 0.40 = 0.72 c. 0.70 – 0.04 = 0.66

70 3 73 32 40 72 70 4 66
+ = + = – =
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

6. a. 1 b. 0.88 c. 0.36
d. 0.24 e. 0.83 f. 0.5
7. a. Incorrect. Should be: 0.99 + 0.1 = 1.09 OR 0.99 + 0.01 = 1.
b. Correct.
c. Incorrect. Should be: 0.19 + 0.19 = 0.38.
d. Incorrect. Should be: 0.03 + 0.5 = 0.53 OR 0.03 + 0.05 = 0.08.
8. a. 9.31 b. 23.11 c. 5.84
9. 2.84
10. If your temperature is 38.3°C, is 1.3 degrees above the normal body temperature.
If your temperature is 35.9°C, it is 1.1 degrees below the normal body temperature.
11. The tablet weighing 610 grams is heavier, since 0.6 kg equals 600 grams.

47