SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS BOARD,

KANO STATE
FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2024/2025 SESSION
SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CLASS: SS II/NTC II TIME: 2

Hours
INSTRUCTION: Answer all questions in Section ‘A’, and any
FIVE questions in section ‘B’, and any THREE questions in
section ‘C’.

SECTION ‘A’ OBJECTIVES

1. Conversation of 100km to meter is ……………..
(a¿ 106m (b) 105m (c) 104 m (d) 103m
2. Which of the following statement is not correct about volume?
(a) M 3 (b) Scalar quantity (c) Drive quantity (d) Vector
quantity
3. The formula for finding the area of a circle is…………..
1
(a) 2πrh (b) π 2r (c) Lb (d) 2 (b×h)
4. The unit of area is……….
(a) M (b) M 2 (c) m3 (d) K
5. The S.I unit of temperature is…………………….
(a) k (b) 0 F (c) 0C (d) All of the
above
6. The equal of KM to MM is………………..
(a) 10MM (b) 100MM (c) 10,000MM (d)
0.1MM
7. The density of water which is 1gcm−¿3 ¿ in CGS system can be in
MKS system as……………..
(a) 1000kgm−¿3 ¿ (b) 1000gm−¿3 ¿ (c) 1000gcm−¿3 ¿ (d)
1000gcm−¿1 ¿
8. A car move with speed of 30 ms−¿1 ¿. Calculate the distance travelled
in 30secs
(a) 30m (b) 60m (c) 450m (d) 900m
9. Which of the following is not fundamental unit?
(a) M (b) Kg (c) sec (d) M 2
10. A car moving with an average speed of 40ms−¿1 ¿ covers a
distance of 138km, calculate the time taken?
(a) 3405secs (b) 340secs (c) 360secs (d) 3.5secs
11. Which of the following is a derived unit?
(a) M (b) Kg (c) N (d) Sec
12. Force can be classified in to………………
(a) pull and push (b) mass and weight
(c) gravitational and magnetic field (d) contact and field force

1
13. Temperature can be measured in the following except……………..
(a) Joule (b) Kelvin (c) Centigrade (d) Faharient
14. The volume of an irregular object can be measured
using……………..
(a) eureka can (b) spring balance (c) clock (d) second
15. Which of the following is an effect of heat?
(a) expansion (b) change of temperature
(c) change of state (d) none of the above
16. Which of the following about relative density is true?
(a) The unit of relative density is kg/ M 3 (b) The unit of R.D
is g/cm 3

(c) R.D has no unit (d) R.D of water is equal to the density of
water
17. Which of the following is fundamental quantity?
(a) heat capacity (b) electric current (c) torque (d)
power
18. The unit of velocity is?
(a) m/ s2 (b) 8m−¿1 ¿ (c) ms−¿1 ¿
(d) m
19. A car covers distance of 60km in half an hour, what ia the average speed of
the car?
(a) 33.33m/s (b) 0.03m/s (c) 88.00m/s (d) 34.33m/s
20. One of the following is correct formula for weight(w)
(a) W=Ma (b) W=f× s (c) W=mv (d)
W=mg
21. All of the following are instrument used for measuring mass
except……..
(a) beam balance (b) lever balance (c) spring balance (d)
clock

22. Distance can be define as the………………..

(a) distance between two point (b) measures of
extension
(c) measure of separation between tow point (d) measure of
even
23. Which of the following is the formula for speed?
distance displacement velocity speed
(a) timetaken (b) time taken (c) time (d) timetaken

24. There are two types of calipers. What are they?

(a) engineers caliper and motor caliper (b) drive caliper and
Vanier caliper
(c) engineers caliper and Vanier caliper (d) lifter and hydraulic
press
25. Meter rule has its reading in………………and…………….
(a) cm and mm (b) cm and km (c) cm and kg (d) inch
and m
26. Vertical distance is called…………………
(a) displacement (b) height (c) length
(d) distance
27. If an object is thrown up (g) is positive
(a) true (b) false (c) both (d) none of the
above

2
28. One of the following is a method of reducing friction in machine
(a) use of lubricant oil (b) it causes unwanted heat in a
machine
(c) friction prevent ladder from sliding
(d) opposes the motion of two rubbing part
29. The swinging pendulum has a motion which is……………………
(a) random (b) rotational (c) oscillatory (d)
translational
30. The S.I unit of length is………………….
(a) m (b) cm (c) mm (d) km
31. The following instruments are used to measure length
except……….
(a) vanier caliper (b) meter rule (c) micro meter (d)
clock
32. The S.I unit of temperature is………….
(a) Kelvin (b) Fahrenheit (c) Degree (d) All of the
above
33. The unit of area is……….
(a) m (b) m2 (c) m3 (d) k
34. The formula for finding the area of a circle is……………….
 1
(a) 2πrh (b) πr 2 (c) Lb (d) 2 (b×h)
35. Which of the following statement is true about volume?
(a) m3 (b) m2 (c)k 2 (d) none of the
above
36. Conversation of 100km to meter is ……………..
(a) 106 m ( b ) 105 m ( c ) 10 4 m ( d ) 103
37. These are three branches of physics except…………..
(a) optics (b) thermal (c) water (d) nuclear
38. An evidence of the particle nature of matter is the……………….
(a) rotational motion (b) oscillatory motion
(c) orbital motion (d) brownian motion
39. The following are state of matter
I. Solid II. Liquid III. Gas
In which of these states do atoms vibrate about fixed mean
position
(a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) all of the
above
40. The inside of a vacuum flask is usually coated with silver to reduced
heat lost by
(a) conversation (b) conduction (c) radiation (d) absorption

3
SECTION ‘B’ ESSAY
Answer any FIVE questions
1. Define the following and write their S.I units
i. Velocity ii. Acceleration iii. Force
2. a. Define friction
b. Write TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of friction
3. a. Define the following terms
i. Distance ii. Mass iii. Speed iv. Weight v. Time
b. List the instruments used to measure the following
quantities
i. Mass ii. Time iii. Distance iv. Displacement
4. a. List FOUR types of motion with two examples of each
b. Sketch the types of motion listed above
5. a. Define physics?
b. List the FOUR application areas of physics
6. a. A man start from Kano and walks 3km east ward and then
to Kuka
4km South wards. What is his displacement?
b. Write the three differences between distance and
displacement
7. a. Explain the following
i. The upper fixed point ii. The lower fixed
point
b. Convert the following scales
i. 600C ¿ 0 F ii. 70 0 f to Celsius iii. 50 0C to Kelvin
SECTION ‘C’ ESSAY
Answer any THREE questions
1. a. A rectangular steel of side 10cm×15cm×2cm of mass
200g.What is its density in kg/m3
b. Define the following
i. Heat ii. Temperature iii. Thermometer
c. Write the THREE differences between heat and temperature
2. a. What is relative density?
b. What is the velocity of car travelled from a town A to 25km
B in 5hours. L eave your answer in km/hr−¿1 ¿
c. Define the following
i. Atom ii. Molecule iii. Diffusion
3. a. What are the THREE states of matter?
b. How do these states differ from each other?
c. Which among the THREE states of matter have a higher kinetic
energy?

4. a. Explain the THREE modes by which heat can be transferred

b. List TWO ways of charging the electroscope
c. Explain any ONE of the above
5. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a speed of
80m per.
6. 30 second. It maintains this steady speed for another 30second.
It then slows down uniformly until it comes to rest in the next
40seconds
a. Sketch the velocity time graph for the motion of this car
 b. Obtain from the graph the uniform acceleration during the
first stage of the journey
c. The retardation during the last stage of the journey
d. For how long did the car travel all together?
3. a. What are the THREE states of matter?
b. How do these states differ from each other?
c. Which among the THREE states of matter have a higher
kinetic energy?

4. a. Explain the THREE modes by which heat can be transferred

b. List TWO ways of charging the electroscope
c. Explain any ONE of the above
5. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a speed
of 80m per.

6. 30second.It maintains this steady speed for another 30second.It

then slows down uniformly until it comes to rest in the next
40seconds
a. Sketch the velocity time graph for the motion of this car
b. Obtain from the graph the uniform acceleration during the
first stage of the journey
c. The retardation during the last stage of the journey
d. For how long did the car travel all together?

4. a. Explain the THREE modes by which heat can be transferred

b. List TWO ways of charging the electroscope
c. Explain any ONE of the above
5. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a speed of
80m per.
6. 30 second. It maintains this steady speed for another 30second.
It then slows down uniformly until it comes to rest in the next
40seconds
a. Sketch the velocity time graph for the motion of this car
b. Obtain from the graph the uniform acceleration during the
first stage of the journey
c. The retardation during the last stage of the journey
d. For how long did the car travel all together?
3. a. What are the THREE states of matter?
b. How do these states differ from each other?
c. Which among the THREE states of matter have a higher
kinetic energy?

4. a. Explain the THREE modes by which heat can be transferred

b. List TWO ways of charging the electroscope
c. Explain any ONE of the above
5. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a speed
of 80m per.

6. 30second.It maintains this steady speed for another 30second.It

then slows down uniformly until it comes to rest in the next
40seconds
a. Sketch the velocity time graph for the motion of this car
b. Obtain from the graph the uniform acceleration during the
first stage of the journey
c. The retardation during the last stage of the journey
d. For how long did the car travel all together?

SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS BOARD,

KANO STATE
MARKING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS
 FIRST TERM PROMOTIONAL EXAMS 2024/2025 SESSION

CLASS: SS II/NTC II

SECTION A(OBJECTIVES PART) 40MARKS

( AWARD 1 MARK FOR EACH CORRECT ANSWER X40 = 40MARKS)

1=A 11 = C 21 = A 31 = C

2=B 12 = D 22 = B 32 = D

3=C 13 = A 23 = C 33 = A

4=D 14 = B 24 = D 34 = B

5=A 15 = C 25 = A 35 = C

6=B 16 = D 26 = B 36 = D

7=C 17 = A 27 = C 37 = A

8=D 18 = B 28 = D 38 = B

9=A 19 = C 29 = A 39 = C

10 = B 20 = D 30 = B 40 = D

SECTION B ESSAY (PART I)

INSTRUCTION: STUDENTS ARE TO ANSWER ANY 5 QUESTIONS OUT OF 10 QUESTIONS

EACH QUESTION CARRIES 3 MARKS X 5 = 15 MARKS.

Q1a. The two principles of moment are:

1. The sum of clock wise moment is equals to the sum of anti-clock wise moment about the same point.

i.e clock wise moment = anti-clock wise moment

2. The total downward reaction (force) is equals to the total upward reaction (force)

(accept any other valid statement) 1/2 mark for each correct statement x 2 = 1mark

i.e F1 + F2 = W

Q1b. To calculate the moment about the moment of the body about 0

Data

m = ?, F=5N, S=3M, ∅ =600

m = FS Sin∅ 1/2mark

m = F(S Sin∅ ) = M = 5(3 Sin60) = 5(3x0.866) = 5(2.598) = 12.991mark

∴m≈ 13NM1/2mark

Q2. To calculate the work done in driving the nail to a piece of wood
 Data

m = 2kg, v = 6ms-1, w = ?

The work done here is the kinetic energy because the more the energy the more the work done.

W = KE

KE = ½ MV2

KE = ½ x M x V2 = ½ x 2 x 62 = ½ x 2 x 36

KE ≈ 36j3marks

Q3a. To define refraction of light

REFRACTION OF LIGHT: This is defined as the bending of light when incident or travelled on a transparent medium such as glass
and lens.

Q3b. To calculate the density of the cube

Data

L = 3cm, h = 5cm, b = 2cm and m = 5g while p = ?

Solution

5
m = 5g = = 0.005kg
1000

mass
Trim the relation density =
volum

m
P=
v
and volume = Length x breadth x height

∴V=Lxbxh

0.005
∴P=
m m 0.005
= = 3 x 2 x 5 ¿ = 30
v Lxbx h
¿
P = 0.000166

P ≈ 1.7x10-4kgm-33marks

Q4. To calculate the time to reach a maximum height and the maximum height attained.

Data

58 x 1000 58000 580

U = 58kmh-1 = = = = 16.1ms-1 , t = ? H=?, g = 10ms-2
60 x 60 3600 36

u 16.1
a. t= = = 1.6s
g 10
b. H = u2 /2g = 16.12 /2x10 = 259.21/20 = 12.96, ∴ H ≈ 13m3marks

Q5a. The four differences between heat and temperature are( any 4)

S/N Heat Temperature

 1 Heat is a form of energy on its own Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness of the
body
2 It is measured in joule(j) It is measured in Celsius, Kalvin and Fahrenheit
3 Heat flows from one point to another due to It does not flow
temperature differences
4 It takes place due to temperature differences It occurs due to slight changes of state of substances
5 Heat can not be measured directly rather it can be Temperature can be calculated easily by instrument called
calculated thermometer

Q5b. The three methods of demagnetization are

1. Heating method 2. Hammering method 3.Electrical method, etc.3marks

Q6a. The three differences between real and virtual images

S/N Real image Virtual image

1 Real image is always inverted, i.e., Upside down It is always erect, i.e., upright
2 It formed on the photographic screen It cannot be formed on a photographic screen
3 It is formed by two real reflected rays It is formed by two dash reflected rays

Q6b. To differentiate between impulse and moment of a force

IMPULSE: Impulse is defined as the product of a large force and a very short time during which it acts, it is measured in Newton second
Ns and expressed as change in momentum.

Mathematically, I = Ft = Change in momentum

MOMENTUM: This is defined as the product of mass of the body and the its velocity, it is measured in kilogram meter per second kgms -
1.

Mathematically, ρ = MV3marks
Q7a. To define the term couple

COUPE: This can be produced when a pair of equal, opposite and parallel forces whose lines of actions does not meet, but bring about a
turning effect.

Mathematically, F1 x1 = F2x2

Q7b. The difference between mass and weight are

S/N Mass Weight

1 It is constant It can vary
2 It is measured in kilogram It is measured in Newton
3 It is scalar quantity It is vector quantity
3marks

Q8a. The effect of heat other that expansion

1. Change of state of the body/material/matter/substances

2. Raised in temperature
3. Vaporization

Q8b. To differentiate between umbra and penumbra

UMBRA: Is the shadow that formed when the source of light and the size of source is point then the shadow formed is sharp and
uniformly dark (i.e., the region of full shadow).

PENUMBRA: This shadow forms when the source of light extended (i.e., large) and the shadow formed is made up of the innermost part
and the outmost part (i.e., the region of partial shadow).3marks

Q9a. To calculate the angle of refraction of a glee

 Data

Io = 600 , r0 = ?μ, a = 1.5

g
Using refractive index formular

aμ g = sin i
sin r

sin 60 0.866
Sin r = = = 0.5733
1.5 1.5

∴r = sin- (0.5773) = 35.26

∴r≈ 35.303marks
Q10a. To state the two uses of a plane mirror

1. It is used as a shaving mirror

2. It is used in construction of periscope
3. It is used for decoration
4. It is used in construction of galvanometer
5. It is used in schools and laboratory for practical purposes

Q10b. To calculate acceleration and total distance travelled

i. a = v-u/t, = 15 – 0/2, =15/2 =7.5ms-2 T.d = ½ (a+b) h

ii. T.d = (½ bh) + (lb) + (1/2bh) T.d = ½ (4+8) 15

T.d = (½ xbxh) + (lxb) + (1/2bxh) T.d = ½ (12) (15)

T.d = (½ x 2x15) +(4x15) + (½ x2x15) T.d = 6 x 15

T.d = 15 + 60 + 15 T.d = 90m

T.d = 90m3marks

SECTION B (PART II) 45MARKS

INSTRUCTION: STUDENTS ARE TO ANSWER ANY 3 QUESTIONS OUT OF 5 QUESTIONS EACH

QUESTION CARRIES 15 MARKS X 3 = 45 MARKS.

Q11a. (i) When the body is set to perform translational motion

A body is said to perform translational motion when it is moving in a straight line linearly.

(ii) The two types of motion other than translational are

1. Oscillatory motion 2. Rotational motion 3. Circulatory motion 4. Random motion

Q11b. (i) The difference between speed and velocity are

S/N Speed Velocity

1 It is scalar quantity It is vector quantity
2 It is donated by algebraic letter s It is donated by algebraic letter u or v
3 It deals with distance It deals with displacement

(ii) The force that bring the pendulum bob back to its starting position is RESTORING FORCE

Q11C.(i)
ms-1
3

(ii) To calculate the maximum velocity reached

s

∴v = u +10
at, = u + a20x t 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

v = 0+2 x 20= 0+40

∴v = 40ms-1
(iii) The total distance travelled

T.d = ½ (a + b) h T.d = (½ bh) + (bh) + (½ bh)

T.d = ½ (60 + 100) 2 T.d = (½ x 20 x 2) + (60 x 2) + (½ x 20 x 2)

T.d ½ (160) 2 T.d = (10 x 2) + (120) + (10 x 2)

T.d = 80 x 2 T.d = 20 + 120 + 20

T.d = 160m T.d = 160m

15 MARKS

Q12a. (i) To state Newton’s 2nd law of motion and drive its mathematical expression

NEWTON’S 2ND LAW: The law states that the force applied do directly proportional to the change in momentum taken place in the
direction of the force.

Mathematically

Change∈momentu m
Force applied ∝
time

mv−mu v−u
F∝ F∝m ( )
t t

v−u
Where is an acceleration (a)
t

∴ F∝ a, if the constant of proportionality is 1

∴F = ma
Q12b. To calculate the force

Data

m = 2kg, u=4ms-1, v= 12ms-1, f = ? and t = 2s

using the relation

Change∈momentu m Change∈momentu m
Force applied ∝ Force applied ∝
time time

mv−mu v−u mv−mu m x v−m x u

F∝ = F∝m ( ) F¿ = F¿
t t t t
 12−4 8 2 x 12−2 x 4 24−8
F = 2( ) = F = 2( ) F=( ) =
2 2 2 2

16
F = 2(4) F=
2

∴F = 8N ∴F = 8N

Q12b. (i) Todifferentiate between inertia of the body and Newton’s 1st law of motion

INERTIA OF THE BODY: This is the tendency or reluctancy of the body to remain at rest when not moving or be in continues motion
when moving unless some external force act on it otherwise.

While

NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF MOTION: States that, the body will continue to be in a state of rest when its at rest or in continues motion
when moving unless some external force acts on it otherwise.

Q12c. (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

The principles stated that when the two bodies travelling in a straight line collide, the total momentum before collision is equal to the total
momentum after collision provided no external force act on the bodies.

(ii) Data

h = 50m, u = 40ms-1, g = 10ms-2, t = ?, T= ? and H = ?

t=
√ √
2 h = 2 x 50
g 10
=
√ 100
10
=
√ 10
10
= 3.16s

T = 2t = 2xt = 2 x 3.16 = 6.32s

H = ½ gt2 = ½ x g x t2 = ½ x 10(3.16)2

H = 5(9.9856) = 49.988

∴ H ≈ 50m

R = ut =uxt = 40(3.16) = 126.4m15 MARKS

Q13ai) To state the snell’s law of refraction

SNELL’S LAW:-the law state that, the ratio of sine of angle of incident to the ratio of sine of angle of refraction
is constant.

Q13bii) i

Q13iii)example of luminous and non-luminous objects are:

Luminous object non-luminous object

Stand candles moon

Q13b) the condition for total internal reflections are

i) The light rays most travel from an optically dance medium to an optically less dance medium.
ii) The incident angle in a dancer medium should be greater than (i.e exceeded) the critical angle (i.ei o>
co )

Q13bii) data

U= 30cm, f=10cm, m=?

Magnification = high of the image/high of the object

M=v/u

To get v we have to use mirror formula

Therefore 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, = 1/10 = 1/v + 1/30

1/v = 1/10 – 1/30,

1/v = 3-1/30, = 2/30

Therefore v = 30/2 = 15cm

Then, M=v/u = 15/30, = ½

M= 0.5

Q13ci) the two advantages and disadvantages of expansion are

i. Advantage of expansion
a. Red hot revert in ship
b. Removal of tight glass
c. Fire alarm e.g electric belt
ii. Disadvantage of expansion
a. Expansion of metal or concrete for bridge
b. Cracking of glass cup when hot water is pour in to it
c. Expansion of balance wheel or wrist watch etc

Q13cii) To calculate the unknown weight of the system

6m

320 540 W
N N
 iii) Clock wise moment = anti clock wise moment
CWM = ACWM

W x 3 = (320 x 3) + (540 x 1)

3W = 960 + 540

W = 1,500/3

W = 500NM15 MARKS

Q14ai.To define machine

MACHINE: is a device by means of which work can be done more conveniently and anything that simplify
the work to be done with minimum effort is referred to as a machine.

ii) The two example of simple machine are

(a.) Hammer, (b.) plier, (c) nut cracker (d) Knife Etc

iii. What is mean by the velocity ratio of the machine is 5?

This means that the force ratio of a machine is 5 and its velocity ratio is 5, means that the load moved is
5 times, the effort applied and the distance mo vedby the effort is 5 times the distance moved by the
load at the same time interval.

Q14bi) To explain why a machine can never be 100% efficiency

This means that, in a machine there is always some loose of energies due to iut d as a result of which the output
of the machine is always less than the input.

Hence, No machine is 100% Efficient.

Q14bii) To define Energy, Work and Power

i. ENERGY: is define as the ability or capability and capacity to do work or any activities, energy is
denoted by letter E and measured in joules J.
ii. WORK: is define as the transfer of energy from one part of the body to another or whole part of the
body to another, it is denote by letter W and measured in Joules J
iii. POWER: is the rate of energy transfer or rate of doing any work, power is denote by letter P and
measured in watt W.
Q14c)To calculate the resultant and direction of the vectors as follows

i. F1 = 3N and F2 = 4N acute at 900

F1=3N

F2 = 4N
To find the resultant R2 = A2 + B2 to find the direction tanƟ = opposite/ adjacent

R2 = f12 + f22= 32 + 42 tan Ɵ = opp/adj = 3/4

R2 = 9+16 = 25 tan Ɵ= 0.75

R=√ 25 = 5N therefore,Ɵ = tan – 1(0.75)

Ɵ = 370

II. F1 = 3N and F2 = 4N act at 600

F1

F2

To find the resultant R2 = A2 + B2 -2ab cos o To Find the Direction

R2 = F12 + F22 – 2F1F2 COS O sin o/R = sin α / F1

R2 = 32 + 42 – 2X3X4 COS O sin α = sin o F1/ R

R2 = 9+16 – 24 COS 180 – 60 sin α = sin 120 x 3/ 6.08

R2 = 25 + 24 (0.5) sin α = 0.866 x 3 / 6.08

R2 = 37 sin α = 0.425

R = √ 37 α = sin -1 (0.425)

R = 6.08 N α = 25.20

15 MARKS

Q15ai) To state the Archimedes PRINCIPLE

ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE: the PRINCIPLE state that, when an object is wholly or totally or partially immersed in
a fluid (liquid or gas) it experiences a loose in weight that is uptrust which is equal to the weight if fluid placed
by the object

ii. The Differences between human eyes and camera and their similarities are:

The differences
 i. The eye is the biological organ while camera is a mechanical device
ii. The eye has a variable focal length while that of camera is fixed
iii. The eyes suffers defect of vision while camera does not suffered any of such defect

The Similarities

i. They all have a light sensitivity

ii. They both regulate the amount of light entering them
iii. They both have convergent lens system to focus light from external body

Q15bi.

- - - - - - - -

C F

.ii. The image is at infinite

.iii.

c
2f f f 2f

Iv. Image is at infinity.

Q15ci. To state the kinetic theory of matter

1. All matter were made of molecule

2. All molecule are in rapid motions
 3. The molecules experience the force of attraction to each other
Cii. To state two (2) thermometric liquid/substances

i. Mercury
ii. Alcohol15 MARKS

SUMMARY
SECTION A 40 MARKS
SECTION B PART 1 15 MARKS
SECTION B PART 11 45 MARKS
TOTAL 100 MARKS
CONVERSION STUDENTS SCORE/100 X 70