Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

3. Centres of Triangles

Answers

Exercise 3
1. 117
2. 88 cm
3. (a) (–56 , 60)
(b) (–56 , 14)
4. (2 , 4)
5. 5.5
6. 27
7. 102
10. (b) yes
11. (a)
(b) (0 , –4)
12. (b) yes
(c) 120 cm2
13. (a) yes
(b) yes
(c) 13 cm
14. B
15. D
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. A

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-1

Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

3. Centres of Triangles
4. Let M be the mid-point of AB.
Exercise 3
M=
1. XI is the angle bisector of YXZ.
∴ YXZ = 2IXZ = (5 , 4.5)
Let X be the centroid of △ABC.
ZI is the angle bisector of YZX.
∵ MX : XC = 1 : 2
∴ YZX = 2IZX
∴ Coordinates of the centroid
∵ YXZ + YZX = 126
∴ 2IXZ + 2IZX = 126 =
IXZ + IZX = 63
= (2 , 4)
In △XIZ,
IXZ + IZX + XIZ = 180
5. Let (a , 1) be the coordinates of the circumcentre.
63 + XIZ = 180
Distance between (a , 1) and (–6 , –2)
XIZ = 117
= distance between (a , 1) and (10 , 12)
=
2. ∵ AL, BM and CN are medians of △ABC.
∴ NB = AN = 11 cm
(a + 6)2 + 9 = (a – 10)2 + 121
LC = BL = 13 cm
a2 + 12a + 36 + 9 = a2 – 20a + 100 + 121
MA = CM = 20 cm
32a = 176
Perimeter of △ABC
a = 5.5
= AN + NB + BL + LC + CM + MA
∴ The x-coordinate of the circumcentre is
= (11 + 11 + 13 + 13 + 20 + 20) cm
5.5.
= 88 cm

Alternative Method
3. (a) Coordinates of C = (–56 , 60)
Let A be the point (–6 , –2), B be the point
(10 , 12) and M be the mid-point of AB.
(b) x-coordinate of the orthocentre
Coordinates of M
= x-coordinate of C
= –56 =
Let M(–56 , k) be the coordinates of the
= (2 , 5)
orthocentre.
Let P(a , 1) be the coordinates of the
Slope of AC × slope of OM = –1
circumcentre.
= –1 Slope of PM  slope of AB = –1

= –1 = –1

k = 14 = –1
∴ The coordinates of the orthocentre
3.5 = a – 2
are (–56 , 14).
a = 5.5
∴ The x-coordinate of the circumcentre is
5.5.

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-2

Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

6.
P
Substitute (2) into (1).
2(136 – 2y) + y = 98
G 272 – 4y + y = 98
3y = 174
Q R
A
y = 58
With the notation in the figure, produce PG to
In △QIM,
meet QR at A.
PIQ = RQN + PMQ
∵ G is the centroid.
= y + PMQ
∴ QA = AR and
= 58 + 44
PG : GA = 2 : 1 (i.e. PA : GA = 3 : 1).
= 102
∴ Area of △PQA = area of △PAR
= 8. Let X be a point on PQ such that RX  PQ.
∵ RX is an altitude of △PQR.
=
∴ M lies on RX.
∴ Area of △PQA = 3 × area of △GQA In △RPX and △RQX,
Similarly, area of △PAR = 3 × area of △GAR. PRX = QRX in-centre of △PQR
Area of △PQA + RX = RX common side
area of △PAR = 3 × area of △GQA + PXR = QXR = 90 by construction
3 × area of △GAR ∴ △RPX  △RQX ASA
Area of △PQR = 3 × (area of △GQA + ∴ PR = QR corr. sides,  △s
area of △GAR) Let Y be a point on QR such that PY  QR.
Area of △PQR = 3 × area of △GQR ∵ PY is an altitude of △PQR.
7(x + 3) = 3(3x – 11) ∴ M lies on PY.
7x + 21 = 9x – 33 In △PQY and △PRY,
54 = 2x QPY = RPY in-centre of △PQR
x = 27 PY = PY common side
QYP = RYP = 90 by construction
7. Let QPM = RPM = x and ∴ △PQY  △PRY ASA
PQN = RQN = y. ∴ PQ = PR corr. sides,  △s
In △PQN, ∵ PQ = PR = QR
PQN + QPM + RPM = QNR ∴ △PQR is an equilateral triangle.
y + x + x = 98
2x + y = 98............(1) 9. J is the circumcentre.
In △PQM, ∴ JA = JC
RQN + PQN + QPM + PMQ = 180 In △JAB and △JCB,
y + y + x + 44 = 180 JA = JC proved
x + 2y = 136 AB = CB given
x = 136 – 2y..........(2) JB = JB common side
∴ △JAB  △JCB SSS
∴ JBA = JBC corr. s,  △s
i.e. JB is the angle bisector of ABC.

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-3

Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

∵ I lies on the angle bisector of ABC.

∴ B, I and J are collinear.
Alternative Method
Suppose BI is produced to meet AC at M. Area of the circle PQR
I is the in-centre. = r2 cm2
∴ ABM = CBM = (8)2 cm2
In △ABM and △CBM, = 201.06 cm2, cor. to 2 d.p.
AB = CB given > 200 cm2
ABM = CBM proved ∴ The area of the circle PQR can
BM = BM common side exceed 200 cm2.
∴ △ABM  △CBM SAS
∴ AM = CM corr. sides,  △s 11. (a) ∵ PQ is parallel to the x-axis.
and AMB = CMB corr. s,  △s ∴ y-coordinate of Q = y-coordinate of P
= 90 =2
i.e. BIM is the perpendicular bisector of AC. Let (m , 2) be the coordinates of Q.
∵ J lies on the perpendicular bisector of AC. Slope of OQ = tan 30
∴ B, I and J are collinear. =
m=2
10. (a) In △OQC and △ORC, ∴
OQC = ORC = 90 given
OCQ = OCR in-centre of
△ABC (b) Note that POQ is an obtuse angle and
OC = OC common side the orthocentre of △OPQ lies on the y-
∴ △OQC  △ORC AAS axis.
y
P(–2, 2) Q(2, 2)
(b) ∵ △OQC  △ORC
∴ CQ = CR = 14 cm x
Similarly, △OPA  △ORA and O
△OPB  △OQB.
∴ AR = AP = 12 cm and
H
BP = BQ = 16 cm.
Let OP = OQ = OR = r cm. With the notation in the figure, let H(0 , k)
Area of △ABC = 336 cm2 be the orthocentre.
Area of △AOB + Slope of OP × slope of HQ = –1
area of △BOC + area of △AOC = 336 cm 2
= –1
= 336 cm 2

= –1
= 336 cm 2

2–k=6
= 336 k = –4
∴ The coordinates of the orthocentre of
r=8
△OPQ are (0 , –4).

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-4

Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

12. (a) ∵ The centroid lies on AD.

∴ AD is a median. (b) ∵ E is the circumcentre of △ABD.
i.e. BD = CD ∴ AE = DE = BE
In △ABD and △ACD, ∵ AE = BE = EH
AB = AC given ∴ E is the centre of the circle passing
AD = AD common side through A, B and H.
BD = CD proved ∴ E is the circumcentre of △ABH.
∴ △ABD  △ACD SSS ∴ The claim is agreed.

(b) ∵ △ABD  △ACD (c) In △EAF and △EBF,

∴ BAD = CAD AFE = BFE = 90 (proved in (a))
∴ AD is the angle bisector of BAC. AE = BE
∴ The in-centre of △ABC lies on AD. FE = FE (common side)
∵ AB = AC and BAD = CAD. ∴ △EAF  △EBF (RHS)
∴ AD  BC ∴ AF = BF (corr. sides,  △s)
∵ BD = CD and AD  BC. ∵ AF = BF and FG // BC.
∴ AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
∴ FH = BC =  36 cm = 18 cm
∴ The circumcentre of △ABC lies on
Let EH = r cm.
AD.
FE = FH – EH
= (18 – r) cm
(c) BD = CD = 8 cm
In △FEB,
In △ABD,
FE2 + BF2 = BE2
AD2 + BD2 = AB2
AD = (18 – r)2 + 122 = r2
= cm 324 – 36r + r2 + 144 = r2
= 15 cm 468 = 36r
Area of △ABC r = 13
∴ The length of EH is 13 cm.
=  BC  AD

=  (8 + 8)  15 cm2 14. B
∵ △OPQ is a right-angled triangle, where
= 120 cm2
OPQ = 90.
∴ The circumcentre of △OPQ lies at the
13. (a) ∵ E is the circumcentre of △ABD.
mid-point of OQ.
∴ BAD = 90
x-coordinate of the circumcentre
∵ AD // FG
∴ AFG = BAD = 90 =
∴ AB is perpendicular to FG. = –12

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Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

15. D

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Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

16. D ∴ I is not true.

I. ∵ QPS = RPS II. Let M be the mid-point of BC.
∴ PS is the angle bisector of QPR. Then AM  BC, i.e. AM is the
i.e. The in-centre of △PQR lies on PS. perpendicular bisector of BC.
∴ I is true. ∵ AB = AC and AM  BC.
II. ∵ PS  QR ∴ AM is the angle bisector of BAC.
∴ PS is the altitude of △PQR passing i.e. The in-centre of △ABC lies on the
through P. perpendicular bisector of BC.
i.e. The orthocentre of △PQR lies on PS. ∴ II is not true.
∴ II is true. III. The orthocentre of △ABC lies at A.
III. In △PQS and △PRS, The in-centre of △ABC lies on AM.
PSQ = PSR = 90 (given) ∵ BM = MC
PS = PS (common side) ∴ AM is a median of △ABC.
QPS = RPS (given) i.e. The centroid of △ABC lies on AM.
∴ △PQS  △PRS (ASA) ∵ AM is the perpendicular bisector of
∴ QS = RS (corr. sides,  △s) BC.
∴ PS is the perpendicular bisector of ∴ The circumcentre of △ABC lies on
QR. AM.
∴ The circumcentre of △PQR lies on ∴ The circumcentre, centroid, in-centre
PS. and orthocentre of △ABC are
∴ III is true. collinear.
∴ I, II and III are true. ∴ III is true.
∴ Only III is true.
17. A
I. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC. 19. C
∴ OA = OB = OC P

∴ I is true. T
O
II. B = 180 

= 90 Q R
S
∴ △ABC is a right-angled triangle and
With the notation in the figure, PO and QO are
O lies on AC.
produced to meet QR and PR at S and T
∴ II is not true.
respectively.
III. ∵ B = 90
PSR = PTO = 90
∴ The orthocentre of △ABC lies at B.
In △PSR,
∴ III is not true.
PSR + PRS + RPS = 180
∴ Only I is true.
90 + 60 + RPS = 180
RPS = 30
18. B
In △OPT,
I. ∵ A = 90
POQ = OPT + PTO
∴ The circumcentre of △ABC lies on
= 30 + 90
BC and the orthocentre lies at A.

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-7

Junior Secondary Non-foundation Topics Supplement 1 Solutions

= 120

20. C
∵ H is the centroid. 22. A
∴ PH : HX = QH : HY = RH : HZ = 2 : 1 X
PH + QH + RH a a
=
T
c
= b c Z
b
Y
= 24  cm With the notation in the figure,
= 16 cm in △XYZ,
a + a + b + b + c + c = 180
21. B a + b + c = 90.............(1)
Join BG. In △YTZ,
A YTZ + b + c = 180
180 – a + b + c = 180
Q b + c – a = 0......................(2)
G
(1) – (2): 2a = 90..........................(3)
B C i.e. YXZ = 90
P
∵ P is the mid-point of BC. ∴ △XYZ is a right-angled triangle.
∴ Area of △BPG = area of △CPG i.e. I must be true.
XYZ = 180 – 2a – 2c
=
= 180 – 90 – 2c
= = 90 – 2c
XYZ = 45 only when c = 22.5.
Area of △BQG =  area of △BCG ∴ II is not necessarily true.
From (3), a = 45
=  (area of △BPG +
Substitute a = 45 into (1).
area of △CPG) 45 + b + c = 90
= area of △CPG
b + c = 45
Area of △CPG : area of BPGQ
△YTZ is an isosceles triangle only when
= area of △CPG : (area of △BQG + area of
b = c = 22.5.
△BPG)
∴ III is not necessarily true.
= area of △CPG : (area of △CPG + area of
∴ Only I must be true.
△CPG)
= area of △CPG : (2  area of △CPG)
=1:2

© Oxford University Press 2016 WNF03-sol-8