103

Chapter 4 Basic Algebra (II)

Q & A (P.4.1) Instant Drill 1 (P.4.3)

If 104 °F is converted from degree Fahrenheit to degree (a) Area = length ´ length
Celsius, we have: = x ´ x cm2
5 5 = x2 cm2
C = (104 - 32) = (72) = 40
9 9 (b) The required formula is A = x2.
i.e. 104 °F is equal to 40 °C.
∵ 40 > 37.5 Instant Drill 2 (P.4.4)
∴ She has a fever. When m = –2 and n = 9,
s = 4(–2 – 9)
Quick Quiz (P.4.3) = 4(–11)
When X = 30, = –44
Y = 180 – 30
Instant Drill 3 (P.4.4)
= 150 (a) When n = 50,
P = 8 000 + 200(50)
Quick Quiz (P.4.13) = 18 000
In the sequence of even numbers, ∴ His income is $18 000 in that month.
the 8th term = 2(8) = 16 (b) When P = 21 600,
the 12th term = 2(12) = 24 21 600 = 8 000 + 200n
21 600 - 8 000 = 200n
Quick Quiz (P.4.14) 13 600 = 200n
In the sequence of odd numbers, 13 600
n=
the 7th term = 2(7) – 1 = 13 200
the 10th term = 2(10) – 1 = 19 = 68
∴ The number of phones sold in that month is 68.
Quick Quiz (P.4.14)
Instant Drill 4 (P.4.9)
In the sequence of square numbers, (a) From the 2nd term onwards,
the 7th term = 72 = 49 any term = its preceding term + 3
the 9th term = 92 = 81 ∴ The 5th term = 11 + 3
= 14
Quick Quiz (P.4.15) The 6th term = 14 + 3
In the sequence of triangular numbers, = 17
7(7 + 1)
the 7th term = = 28 (b) From the 2nd term onwards,
2
8(8 + 1) any term = its preceding term + 5
the 8th term = = 36 ∴ The 5th term = 20 + 5
2
= 25
The 6th term = 25 + 5
= 30

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104 Solutions

(c) From the 2nd term onwards, Instant Drill 8 (P.4.13)

any term = its preceding term – 2 (a) The 8th term = 3 + 4(8)
∴ The 5th term = 6 – 2 = 3 + 32
=4 = 35
The 6th term = 4 – 2 (b) Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 26.
=2 3 + 4k = 26
(d) From the 2nd term onwards, 4k = 26 – 3
any term = its preceding term ÷ 2 4k = 23
∴ The 5th term = 4 ÷ 2 23
k=
=2 4
∵ The number of terms must be a positive integer,
The 6th term = 2 ÷ 2
23
=1 but is not a positive integer.
4
∴ 26 is not a term of the sequence.
Instant Drill 5 (P.4.10)
The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence: Class Practice 4.1 (P.4.5)
2, 8, 18, 32, … 1. (a) Perimeter = (x + x + y) cm
the 1st term = 2 = 1 ´ 2 = (2x + y) cm
the 2nd term = 8 = 2 ´ 4 (b) The required formula is P = 2x + y.
the 3rd term = 18 = 3 ´ 6
the 4th term = 32 = 4 ´ 8 2. When x = 3,

According to the pattern above, y = 10 – 3

the 5th term = 5 ´ 10 = 50 =7

∴ The number of dots in the 5th figure is 50.

3. When a = 7 and b = 4,
c = 2(7 + 4)
Instant Drill 6 (P.4.12)
= 2(11)
(a) Substitute n = 1 into an. We have
= 22
a1 = 3(1) - 1 = 2
∴ The first term of the sequence is 2. 4. When n = 50,
(b) Substitute n = 15 into an. We have P = 25(50) – 700
a15 = 3(15) - 1 = 44 = 1 250 – 700
∴ The 15th term of the sequence is 44. = 550
∴ The profit is $550.
Instant Drill 7 (P.4.12)
Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 4. Class Practice 4.2 (P.4.16)
2k – 8 = 4 1. (a) From the 2nd term onwards,
2k = 4 + 8 any term = its preceding term + 2
2k = 12 ∴ The 5th term = 9 + 2
12 = 11
k=
2
The 6th term = 11 + 2
=6
= 13
∴ The 6th term of the sequence is 4.

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 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 105

(b) From the 2nd term onwards, 3. Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 33.
any term = its preceding term – 3 4k - 7 = 33
∴ The 5th term = –1 – 3 4k = 33 + 7
= –4 4k = 40
The 6th term = –4 – 3 40
k=
= –7 4
(c) From the 2nd term onwards, = 10
∴ The 10th term of the sequence is 33.
any term = its preceding term ´ 3
∴ The 5th term = 27 ´ 3
= 81 Exercise 4A (P.4.5)
1. (a) N = 12d is a formula.
The 6th term = 81 ´ 3
= 243 (b) u + at is not a formula.
bh
(d) From the 2nd term onwards, (c) is not a formula.
2
any term = its preceding term ÷ 2
y
1 (d) m = is a formula.
∴ The 5th term = ÷ 2 x
8
1 (e) V = I(R + r) is a formula.
=
16 (f) A = πr 2 + πr! is a formula.
1
The 6th term = ÷2
16 2. (a) Perimeter = (2x + 2y) cm
1
= (b) The required formula is P = 2x + 2y.
32

1
2. (a) Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an. We have 3. (a) Area = ´ (upper base + lower base) ´ height
2
a1 = 4(1) + 1 = 5 1
= (b + d )c
a2 = 4(2) + 1 = 9 2
a3 = 4(3) + 1 = 13 1
(b) The required formula is A = (b + d )c.
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are 2
5, 9 and 13.
(b) Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an. We have 4. When x = 2,
1 1 C= 8 + 2
a1 = =
5 +1 6 = 10
1 1
a2 = =
5+2 7
1 1 5. When m = 4,
a3 = =
5+3 8 F = 10(4)
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are = 40
1 1 1
, and .
6 7 8 6. When x = 3,
y = 3(3) - 7
=2

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106 Solutions

7. When a = 2, 15. When n = -3,

P = 6(2)2 h
-3 =
= 24 24
h = (-3) ´ 24
= -72
8. When n = 5,
1
S = (5)(5 + 1) 16. When x = 1 200,
2
1 I = 60(1 200)
= (5)(6)
2 = 72 000
= 15 ∴ The ticket income of the match is $72 000.

9. When ! = 7 and w = 3,
17. When n = 200,
A=7´3
C = 5 000 + 20(200)
= 21
= 5 000 + 4 000
= 9 000
10. When V = 20 and I = 4,
∴ The cost is $9 000.
20
R=
4
=5 18. (a) Area = length ´ width
A=x´y
11. When a = 1 and b = –5, = xy
1 + 2(-5)
x= ∴ The required formula is A = xy.
3
-9 (b) When x = 8 and y = 6,
=
3 A = 8(6)
= –3 = 48
∴ The area of the rectangle is 48 cm2.
12. When h = –8 and k = 4,
-8 + 4
Y= 19. When m = 60 and d = 0.1,
4
-4 s = 60(1 - 0.1)
=
4 = 60(0.9)
= –1
= 54

13. When K = 300,

1
300 = C + 273 20. When x = 2 and y = - ,
3
C = 300 - 273
é æ 1ö ù
= 27 H = 2ê6ç - ÷ - 1ú
ë è 3ø û
= 2(–2 – 1)
14. When D = 18,
= 2(–3)
18 = 2R
= –6
18
R=
2
=9

© Oxford University Press 2020

 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 107

21. When ! = 9, w = 4 and h = 2, 27. When v = 72, u = –24 and a = 6,

V=9´4´2 72 = –24 + 6t
= 72 72 + 24 = 6t
96 = 6t
22. When p = –1, q = 4 and r = –2, 96
t=
T = (–1)(4) – (–1)(–2) 6
= 16
= –4 – 2
= –6
28. When S = 18, n = 4 and a = 3,
4(3 + !)
23. When u = 6, a = -10 and t = 7, 18 =
2
S = 7 éê6 + (-10)(7)ùú
1
18 ´ 2 = 4(3 + ! )
ë 2 û
36 = 12 + 4 !
= 7[6 + (-35)]
36 – 12 = 4 !
= 7(-29)
24 = 4 !
= -203
24
!=
4
24. When a = -5, b = 4 and c = -3, =6
D = 42 - 4(-5)(-3)
= 16 – 60 29. (a) When x = 0.4,
= –44 C = 138 + 30(0.4)
= 138 + 12
25. (a) When a = 3, b = 2 and c = 1, = 150
P = 3(3 – 2)(3 – 1) ∴ The monthly charge is $150.
= 3(1)(2) (b) When C = 183,
=6 183 = 138 + 30x
(b) When a = 4, b = 6 and c = –2, 183 - 138 = 30x
P = 4(4 – 6)[4 – (–2)] 45 = 30x
= 4(–2)(6) 45
x=
= –48 30
= 1.5
26. When A = 50, ∴ His extra amount of data used is 1.5 GB.
180 - B
50 =
2
50 ´ 2 = 180 – B
100 = 180 – B
B = 180 – 100
= 80

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108 Solutions

30. (a) Total cost (ii) Total value of the notes that Jacky has
= $(x ´ 20 + y ´ 35 + z ´ 60) = $[10x + 20(x + 2) + 50(10 – 2x)]
= $(20x + 35y + 60z) = $(10x + 20x + 40 + 500 – 100x)
∴ The required formula is = $(540 – 70x)
C = 20x + 35y + 60z. ∴ The required formula is T = 540 – 70x.
(b) When x = 5, y = 6 and z = 4, (b) When T = 280,
C = 20(5) + 35(6) + 60(4) 280 = 540 – 70x
= 100 + 210 + 240 70x = 540 – 280
= 550 70x = 260
∵ 550 > 500 26
x=
∴ The claim is disagreed. 7
∵ The number of $10 notes must be a
26
31. (a) When n = 8, positive integer, but is not a positive
7
1 integer.
S = (8)(8 + 1)
2 ∴ It is not possible that the total value of
= 36 the notes is $280.
∴ The sum of the first 8 positive
integers is 36. Exercise 4B (P.4.16)
(b) When n = 23, 1. From the 2nd term onwards,
1 any term = its preceding term + 3
S = (23)(23 + 1)
2 ∴ The 5th term = 10 + 3
= 276
= 13
∴ The sum of the first 23 positive
The 6th term = 13 + 3
integers is 276.
= 16
The required average
276
= 2. From the 2nd term onwards,
23
= 12 any term = its preceding term + 1
(c) Average of the first n positive integers ∴ The 5th term = –2 + 1
the sum of the first n positive integers = –1
=
n The 6th term = –1 + 1
1
n(n + 1) =0
=2
n
3. From the 2nd term onwards,
n +1
= any term = its preceding term – 2
2
∴ The 5th term = 5 – 2

32. (a) (i) Number of $50 notes that Jacky has =3

= 12 – x – (x + 2) The 6th term = 3 – 2

= 12 – x – x – 2 =1

= 10 – 2x
∴ The required formula is N = 10 – 2x.

© Oxford University Press 2020

 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 109

4. From the 2nd term onwards, 9. Substitute n = 1, 2, 15 into an. We have

any term = its preceding term – 10 a1 = 3 + 1 = 4
∴ The 5th term = –20 – 10 a2 = 3 + 2 = 5
= –30 a15 = 3 + 15 = 18
The 6th term = –30 – 10 ∴ The first two terms and the 15th term of the
= –40 sequence are 4, 5 and 18 respectively.

5. From the 2nd term onwards, 10. Substitute n = 1, 2, 15 into an. We have
any term = its preceding term ´ 2 a1 = 4(1) = 4
∴ The 5th term = 40 ´ 2 a2 = 4(2) = 8
= 80 a15 = 4(15) = 60
The 6th term = 80 ´ 2 ∴ The first two terms and the 15th term of the
= 160 sequence are 4, 8 and 60 respectively.

6. From the 2nd term onwards, 11. Substitute n = 1, 2, 15 into an. We have
any term = its preceding term ´ (–2) a1 = 2(1) – 5 = –3
∴ The 5th term = (–16) ´ (–2) a2 = 2(2) – 5 = –1
= 32 a15 = 2(15) – 5 = 25
The 6th term = 32 ´ (–2) ∴ The first two terms and the 15th term of the
= –64 sequence are –3, –1 and 25 respectively.

7. From the 2nd term onwards, 12. In the sequence of odd numbers,
any term = its preceding term ÷ 2 the 9th term = 2(9) – 1 = 17
∴ The 5th term = 3 ÷ 2 the 18th term = 2(18) – 1 = 35
3 ∴ The 9th term and the 18th term of the sequence
=
2 are 17 and 35 respectively.
3
The 6th term = ÷2
2
3 13. In the sequence of square numbers,
= the 6th term = 62 = 36
4
the 11th term = 112 = 121
8. From the 2nd term onwards, ∴ The 6th term and the 11th term of the sequence

any term = its preceding term ÷ 3 are 36 and 121 respectively.

1
∴ The 5th term = ÷ 3
9 14. Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 26.
1 7k – 2 = 26
=
27
7k = 26 + 2
1
The 6th term = ÷3 7k = 28
27
1 28
= k=
81 7
=4
∴ The 4th term of the sequence is 26.

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110 Solutions

15. (a) Substitute n = 20 into an. We have 17. From the 2nd term onwards,
a20 = 1 + 5(20) = 101 1
any term = its preceding term +
∴ The 20th term of the sequence is 101. 5
6 1
(b) Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 51. ∴ The 5th term = +
5 5
1 + 5k = 51 7
=
5k = 51 – 1 5
5k = 50 7 1
The 6th term = +
50 5 5
k=
5 8
=
= 10 5
∴ The 10th term of the sequence is 51.
18. The 1st term = 1
The 2nd term = 4 = 1 + 3
16. The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence:
The 3rd term = 8 = 4 + 4
2, 4, 6, 8, …
The 4th term = 13 = 8 + 5
the 1st term = 2 = 1 ´ 2
According to the pattern above,
the 2nd term = 4 = 2 ´ 2
the 5th term = 13 + 6 = 19
the 3rd term = 6 = 3 ´ 2
the 6th term = 19 + 7 = 26
the 4th term = 8 = 4 ´ 2
According to the pattern above, 1
19. The 1st term =
the 5th term = 5 ´ 2 = 10 6
the 6th term = 6 ´ 2 = 12 1 1
The 2nd term = = ´ 2
∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures 3 6
1
are 10 and 12. The 3rd term = 1 = ´ 3
3
Alternative The 4th term = 4 = 1 ´ 4
The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence: According to the pattern above,
2, 4, 6, 8, … the 5th term = 4 ´ 5 = 20
the 1st term = 2 the 6th term = 20 ´ 6 = 120
the 2nd term = 4 = 2 + 2
the 3rd term = 6 = 4 + 2 1
20. The 1st term = 1 =
the 4th term = 8 = 6 + 2 12
1 1
According to the pattern above, The 2nd term = = 2
4 2
the 5th term = 8 + 2 = 10 1 1
The 3rd term = = 2
the 6th term = 10 + 2 = 12 9 3
∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures 1 1
The 4th term = = 2
are 10 and 12. 16 4
According to the pattern above,
1 1
the 5th term = 2 =
5 25
1 1
the 6th term = 2 =
6 36

© Oxford University Press 2020

 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 111

21. Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an. We have 25. The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence:
a1 = 12 + 2 = 3 1, 4, 7, 10, …
a2 = 22 + 2 = 6 the 1st term = 1
2
a3 = 3 + 2 = 11 the 2nd term = 4 = 1 + 1 ´ 3
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are 3, 6 the 3rd term = 7 = 1 + 2 ´ 3
and 11. the 4th term = 10 = 1 + 3 ´ 3
According to the pattern above,
22. Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an. We have the 5th term = 1 + 4 ´ 3 = 13
3(1) - 5 the 6th term = 1 + 5 ´ 3 = 16
a1 = = –2
1 ∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures
3(2) - 5 1
a2 = = are 13 and 16.
2 2
3(3) - 5 4 Alternative
a3 = =
3 3 The number of dots in the figures form a sequence:
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are 1, 4, 7, 10, …
1 4 the 1st term = 1
-2, and .
2 3 the 2nd term = 4 = 1 + 3
the 3rd term = 7 = 4 + 3
23. (a) The 7th term = 3(7) + 9 the 4th term = 10 = 7 + 3
= 30 According to the pattern above,
(b) Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 25. the 5th term = 10 + 3 = 13
3k + 9 = 25 the 6th term = 13 + 3 = 16
3k = 25 – 9 ∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures
3k = 16 are 13 and 16 respectively.
16
k=
3
26. The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence:
∵ The number of terms must be a positive
16 3, 8, 15, 24, …
integer, but is not a positive integer.
3 the 1st term = 3 = 22 – 1
∴ 25 is not a term of the sequence. the 2nd term = 8 = 32 – 1
the 3rd term = 15 = 42 – 1
24. (a) The 11th term = 20 – 2(11) the 4th term = 24 = 52 – 1
= –2 According to the pattern above,
(b) Suppose the kth term of the sequence is 60. the 5th term = 62 – 1 = 35
20 – 2k = 60 the 6th term = 72 – 1 = 48
–2k = 60 – 20 ∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures
–2k = 40 are 35 and 48.
40
k=
-2
= –20
∵ The number of terms must be a positive
integer, but –20 is not a positive integer.
∴ 60 is not a term of the sequence.

© Oxford University Press 2020

112 Solutions

Alternative 9(9 + 1)
28. The 9th term = = 45
The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence: 2
11(11 + 1)
3, 8, 15, 24, … The 11th term = = 66
2
the 1st term = 3 ∴ The required sum = 45 + 66
the 2nd term = 8 = 3 + 5 = 111
the 3rd term = 15 = 8 + 7
the 4th term = 24 = 15 + 9 29. The 6th term = 2(6) = 12
According to the pattern above, The 36th term = 2(36) = 72
the 5th term = 24 + 11 = 35 ∵ 122 = 144 ¹ 72
the 6th term = 35 + 13 = 48 ∴ The 36th term is not the square of the 6th term.
∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures
are 35 and 48. 30. (a) The 2nd term = the 1st term – 2(1)
=8–2
27. (a) The numbers of stars in the figures form a =6
sequence: The 3rd term = the 2nd term – 2(2)
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …
=6–4
the 1st term = 1 =2
the 2nd term = 3 = 1 + 2 (b) The 4th term = the 3rd term – 2(3)
the 3rd term = 5 = 3 + 2 =2–6
the 4th term = 7 = 5 + 2 = –4
the 5th term = 9 = 7 + 2 The 5th term = the 4th term – 2(4)
According to the pattern above, = –4 – 8
the 6th term = 9 + 2 = 11 = –12
the 7th term = 11 + 2 = 13 Sum of the first 5 terms
∴ The numbers of stars in the next two
= 8 + 6 + 2 + (–4) + (–12)
figures are 11 and 13. =0
(b) The numbers of stars in the figures form the ∵ 0 is not a negative number.
sequence of odd numbers. ∴ The claim is disagreed.
(c) Suppose the kth figure is formed by 79 stars.
2k – 1 = 79 31. (a) a1 = 1
2k = 79 + 1 a2 = 1 + 3 = 4
2k = 80 a3 = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9
80
k= a4 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16
2
a5 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25
= 40
(b) From the results of (a),
∴ The 40th figure is formed by 79 stars.
a1, a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ,… form the sequence of
square numbers.
(c) From the result of (b), a50 = 502 = 2 500

© Oxford University Press 2020

 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 113

Checkpoint (P.4.20) 9. The 7th term – the 6th term

1. O = 72 − 62
= 49 – 36
2. ü = 13
When n = 5,
S = 180(5 – 2) = 180(3) = 540 Supplementary Exercise 4 (P.4.20)
1. When x = 2,
3. O y = 7 – 2(2)
For the sequence of triangular numbers, =7–4
5(5 + 1)
the 5th term = = 15 =3
2
6(6 + 1)
the 6th term = = 21
2 2. When n = 50,
∴ 16 is not a triangular number. 200
C=
50
=4
4. From the 2nd term onwards,
any term = its preceding term – 4
3. When P = 96 and V = 8,
∴ The 5th term = –3 – 4 96
I=
= –7 8
= 12
5. From the 2nd term onwards,
4. When x = 3 and y = –2,
any term = its preceding term ´ 3
R = 2(3) + 3(–2)
∴ The 5th term = 3 ´ 3
= 6 + (–6)
=9
=0
The 6th term = 9 ´ 3
= 27
5. When x = 6 and h = 5,
1
6. Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an = 3n + 1. We have V = (6)2(5)
3
a1 = 3(1) + 1 = 4 1
= (36)(5)
a2 = 3(2) + 1 = 7 3
a3 = 3(3) + 1 = 10 = 60
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are 4, 7
and 10. 6. When A = 80,
360 - B
80 =
2
7. The 10th term = 1 – 2(10)2
80 ´ 2 = 360 – B
= 1 – 2(100)
160 = 360 – B
= –199
B = 360 – 160
= 200
8. 1, 3, 6, 10, … is the sequence of triangular numbers.

© Oxford University Press 2020

114 Solutions

7. (a) Total daily sales = $25x 12. From the 2nd term onwards,
∴ The required formula is T = 25x. any term = its preceding term ÷ 2
(b) When T = 3 750, 1
∴ The 5th term = ÷2
3 750 = 25x 24
3 750 1
x= =
25 48
= 150 1
The 6th term = ÷2
∴ The number of tickets sold is 150. 48
1
=
96
8. (a) Perimeter = 2 ´ (length + width)
= 2[5 + (x + 1)] cm
13. Substitute n = 1, 2, 3 into an = 9 – 3n. We have
= 2(5 + x + 1) cm
a1 = 9 – 3(1) = 6
= 2(x + 6) cm
a2 = 9 – 3(2) = 3
∴ The required formula is P = 2(x + 6).
a3 = 9 – 3(3) = 0
(b) When x = 9,
∴ The first three terms of the sequence are 6, 3
P = 2(9 + 6)
and 0.
= 2(15)
= 30 n+4
∴ The perimeter of the rectangle is 30 cm. 14. Substitute n = 10, 17 into an = . We have
7
10 + 4 14
a10 = = =2
9. From the 2nd term onwards, 7 7
17 + 4 21
any term = its preceding term + 3 a17 = = =3
7 7
∴ The 5th term = –1 + 3
∴ The 10th term and the 17th term of the
=2
sequence are 2 and 3 respectively.
The 6th term = 2 + 3
=5
15. The numbers of dots in the figures form a sequence:
3, 6, 9, 12, …
10. From the 2nd term onwards,
the 1st term = 3 = 3 ´ 1
any term = its preceding term – 7
the 2nd term = 6 = 3 ´ 2
∴ The 5th term = –9 – 7
the 3rd term = 9 = 3 ´ 3
= –16
the 4th term = 12 = 3 ´ 4
The 6th term = –16 – 7
According to the pattern above,
= –23
the 5th term = 3 ´ 5 = 15
the 6th term = 3 ´ 6 = 18
11. From the 2nd term onwards, ∴ The numbers of dots in the next two figures
any term = its preceding term ´ (–1) are 15 and 18.
∴ The 5th term = –2 ´ (–1)
=2
The 6th term = 2 ´ (–1)
= –2

© Oxford University Press 2020

 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 115

16. (a) When m = 30, g = 10 and h = 2, 19. (a) When t = 20,

P = 30(10)(2) h = 300 - 5(20)
= 600 = 300 – 100
(b) When P = 2 200, g = 10 and h = 5.5, = 200
2 200 = m(10)(5.5) ∴ The distance from the ground is 200 m.
2 200 = 55m (b) When t = 57,
2 200 h = 300 - 5(57)
m=
55 = 300 – 285
= 40 = 15
∵ 15 m > 0 m
17. When A = 148, x = 5 and y = 4, ∴ The helicopter will not reach the ground
148 = 2(5 ´ 4 + 4z + 5z) after it descends for 57 s.
148 = 2(20 + 9z) Alternative
148 = 40 + 18z When h = 0,
148 – 40 = 18z 0 = 300 – 5t
108 = 18z 5t = 300
108 300
z= t=
18 5
=6 = 60
∵ 57 s < 60 s
18. Suppose the kth positive even number is 48. ∴ The helicopter will not reach the ground
2k = 48 after it descends for 57 s.
48
k=
2
4-3 1
= 24 20. The 4th term = =
4 4
∴ 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 48 is the sum of the first 8-3 5
The 8th term = =
24 positive even numbers. 8 8
Substitute n = 24 into S = n(n + 1). 1 5
∴ The required sum = +
S = 24(24 + 1) 4 8
2+5
= 600 =
8
∴ 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 48 = 600 7
=
8

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116 Solutions

the 3rd term = 14 = 7 + 7

21. (a) The 7th term = 14 – 3(7) the 4th term = 23 = 14 + 9
= 14 – 21 According to the pattern above,
= –7 the 5th term = 23 + 11 = 34
(b) ∵ The kth term is -19. the 6th term = 34 + 13 = 47
∴ 14 - 3k = -19 ∴ The numbers of rectangles in the next two
-3k = -19 – 14 figures are 34 and 47.
-3k = -33
-33 23. (a) The numbers of dots in the figures form a
k=
-3 sequence:
= 11 1, 3, 6, 10, …
(c) Suppose the mth term of the sequence is -8.
the 1st term = 1
14 - 3m = -8
the 2nd term = 3 = 1 + 2
-3m = -8 – 14
the 3rd term = 6 = 1 + 2 + 3
-3m = -22
the 4th term = 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
-22
m= According to the pattern above,
-3
22 the 5th term = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
=
3 the 6th term = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21
∵ The number of terms must be a positive the 7th term = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28
22 ∴ The numbers of dots in the next three
integer, but is not a positive integer.
3 figures are 15, 21 and 28.
∴ -8 is not a term of the sequence.
(b) The numbers of dots in the figures form the
sequence of triangular numbers.
22. The numbers of rectangles in the figures form a
sequence:
24. (a) The numbers of triangles in the figures form a
2, 7, 14, 23, …
sequence:
the 1st term = 2 = (1 + 1)2 - 2
1, 4, 9, …
the 2nd term = 7 = (2 + 1)2 - 2
the 1st term = 1
the 3rd term = 14 = (3 + 1)2 - 2
the 2nd term = 4 = 1 + 3
the 4th term = 23 = (4 + 1)2 - 2
the 3rd term = 9 = 1 + 3 + 5
According to the pattern above,
According to the pattern above,
the 5th term = (5 + 1)2 - 2 = 34
the 4th term = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16
the 6th term = (6 + 1)2 - 2 = 47
the 5th term = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25
∴ The numbers of rectangles in the next two
∴ The numbers of triangles in the next two
figures are 34 and 47.
figures are 16 and 25.
Alternative
(b) From the results of (a), the numbers of
The numbers of rectangles in the figures form a
triangles in the figures form the sequence of
sequence:
square numbers.
2, 7, 14, 23, …
the 1st term = 2
the 2nd term = 7 = 2 + 5

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 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 117

25. (a) When P = 625, ! = 2.5 and w = 5, 27. (a) The numbers of dots in the figures form a
625 = k(2.5)(5) sequence:
625 = 12.5k 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, …
625 the 1st term = 1
k=
12.5 the 2nd term = 5 = 1 + 4
= 50
the 3rd term = 12 = 5 + 7
(b) From the result of (a), we have P = 50!w .
the 4th term = 22 = 12 + 10
When ! = 4 and w = 11,
the 5th term = 35 = 22 + 13
P = 50(4)(11)
∴ The increases in the numbers of dots form
= 2 200
a sequence:
∵ $2 300 > $2 200
4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, …
∴ The amount is enough to paint the wall.
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3
From the above, we have
26. (a) When t = 4 and n = 120,
the 6th term = 35 + 16 = 51
P = 2 000 + 1 500(4) + 18(120)
the 7th term = 51 + 19 = 70
= 10 160
∴ The numbers of dots in the 6th figure and
∴ The maximum total cost is $10 160.
the 7th figure are 51 and 70 respectively.
When t = 4 and n = 90,
Alternative
P = 2 000 + 1 500(4) + 18(90)
According to the given figures, we have the 6th
= 9 620
figure and the 7th figure as follows:
∴ The minimum total cost is $9 620.
(b) Let k be the least number of participants such
that the total fee will cover the total cost.
Then, total fee = 83k
total cost = 2 000 + 1 500(3) + 18k
the 6th figure the 7th figure
83k = 2 000 + 1 500(3) + 18k
∴ The numbers of dots in the 6th figure and
83k = 6 500 + 18k
the 7th figure are 51 and 70 respectively.
83k - 18k = 6 500
(b) (i) Substitute n = 6, 7 into an. We have
65k = 6 500
6[3(6) - 1]
6 500 a6 = = 51
k= 2
65
7[3(7) - 1]
= 100 a7 = = 70
2
∴ At least 100 participants should attend. ∵ The answers obtained by using the
formula are the same as those in (a).
∴ The answers in (a) are correct.
(ii) Substitute n = 10 into an. We have
10[3(10) - 1]
a10 = = 145
2
∴ The number of dots in the 10th figure
is 145.

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118 Solutions

the 8th term = 8 + 13 = 21

28. D 33. B
When a = 12 and r = 2, The numbers of dots in the patterns form a
S = 12(1 + 2) sequence:
= 36 3, 9, 18, …
the 4th term = 18 + [3(3) + 3] = 30
29. C ∴ 30 dots are needed to form the 4th pattern.
When F = 30, m = 3, v = 24 and t = 2,
3(24 - u ) 34. D
30 =
2 1(1 + 1)
a1 = =1
30 ´ 2 = 3(24 – u) 2
60 = 72 – 3u 2(2 + 1)
a2 = =3
3u = 72 – 60 2
3(3 + 1)
3u = 12 a3 = =6
2
12 4(4 + 1)
u= a4 = = 10
3 2
=4 5(5 + 1)
a5 = = 15
2
30. A 6(6 + 1)
a6 = = 21
The 23rd term = 3(23 – 5) 2
7(7 + 1)
= 3(18) a7 = = 28
2
= 54 ∴ 28 is a triangular number.

31. D 35. A
1- 2 1
The 1st term = = - For the sequence of square numbers,
1+ 3 4
2-2 the general term an = n2
The 2nd term = =0
2+3 According to the question,
3- 2 1 x = a2 = 22 = 4
The 3rd term = =
3+3 6 y = a5 = 52 = 25
1 1
∴ The sequence is - , 0, , …. ∴ y – x = 25 – 4
4 6
= 21
i.e. The answer is D.

32. D
The 1st term = 1
The 2nd term = 1
The 3rd term = 2 = 1 + 1
The 4th term = 3 = 1 + 2
The 5th term = 5 = 2 + 3
According to the pattern above,
the 6th term = 3 + 5 = 8
the 7th term = 5 + 8 = 13

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 Chapter 4: Basic Algebra (II) 119

Application of Maths (P.4.24) Public Exam Questions (P.4.26)

Substitute C = 0 into K = C + 273.15. We have: 1. C
K = 0 + 273.15 = 273.15
∴ The freezing point in Kelvin is 273.15 K. 2. B
5
Substitute C = 0 into C = ( F - 32) . We have:
9 3. C
5
0 = ( F - 32)
9
9 4. B
0 ´ = F – 32
5
0 = F – 32 5. B
F = 32
∴ The freezing point in degree Fahrenheit is 32°F.

Exam Drill 1 (P.4.25)

The number of dots in the patterns form a sequence:
7, 10, 13, …
the 1st term = 7
the 2nd term = 10 = 7 + 3
the 3rd term = 13 = 10 + 3
From the above, we have
the 4th term = 13 + 3 = 16
the 5th term = 16 + 3 = 19
∴ The number of dots in the 5th pattern is 19.
∴ The answer is D.
Alternative
According to the given patterns, we have the 4th pattern
and the 5th pattern as follows:

the 4th pattern the 5th pattern

∴ The number of dots in the 5th pattern is 19.

∴ The answer is D.

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