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1. Conceptual Design

MA Stores requested that the storage centre be 2000m², the table below shows the possible plan
dimensions for the structure

MA Stores Proposed Warehouse Dimensions

Length Width/Span Area
400.00 5 2000
200.00 10 2000
133.33 15 2000
100.00 20 2000
80.00 25 2000
66.67 30 2000
57.14 35 2000
50.00 40 2000
44.44 45 2000
40.00 50 2000
36.36 55 2000
33.33 60 2000
30.77 65 2000
28.57 70 2000
26.67 75 2000
25.00 80 2000
23.53 85 2000
22.22 90 2000
21.05 95 2000
20.00 100 2000
Table 1: MA Stores Proposed Warehouse Plan Dimensions

Taking into consideration the transport requirements the rafter length will need to be minimised as
much as possible. An increased building length will result in larger number of bays being required thus
increasing the amount of steel to be fabricated and erected. The selected dimensions are 50m x 40m
this will provide the required storage area and minimise the length of the rafters.

The structural form of the building will be a portal frame. This has been selected because the following:

 It is suitable for the selected building span (25m)

 It may be designed to have in-plane stability thus reducing the need for in-plane bracing
 Fabrication is less expensive than truss portal frame

The roof slope will be 10° symmetrical on either side of the ridge. The portal frames will be spaced 5m
apart. Figure 1 below shows the elevation of the frame. A single span portal frame will result in the
rafters being in excess of 20m long, as such a 2-span portal system will be used. Each span will be 20m
long. Figures 2 and 3 below show the section and plan views of the building.

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Figures 2: Section Elevation on Frames

Figure 3: Plan Dimensions of building

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For acceptable deflection SASCH recommends the depth of the rafter be span/75. The second moment
area is typically 50% larger than that of the rafter as recommended by SCI. There following member
sizes are therefore estimated:

span/75 = 20000/75 = 266.666mm

Using the above depth a 305x165x40kg/m I-Beam is selected h=303.8mm and 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 85.5 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

Using the above second moment area the column is selected to be a 356x171x45kg/m I-section with
a second moment area of 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 142 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

SCI further recommends that the haunch be cut out of the same sections as the rafter. The length of
the haunch should be the 10% of the span. The depth to be approximately equal to that of the rafter.

Side sheeting will be 0.6mm Chromadek IBR686 sheeting. Roof sheeting to be 0.8mm Chromadek
IBR686 sheeting with bull nosing on the eaves. Suitable ridge and gable flashing to be provided.

Translucent Sheeting total 10% of the floor area to be provided for lighting purposes.

The purlins and side rails will be 125x50x20x2.5 cold-rolled lipped channels spaced at 2.5m and 2m
respectively as recommended by the sheeting supplier. Sag rods to be provided at mid-span as per
SASCH recommendations. Building insulation is not critical as such no insulation material will be
provided.

In addition to translucent sheeting, an electrical lighting system will be provided.

4 Roller shutter doors 5m in height and 4m on width to be provided at one gable end of the building.

Figure 4 below shows a typical frame with members.

Figure 4: Member Section Sizes

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2. Design

The parameters laid-out in the conceptual design were taken through the detailed design process and
refined where necessary. The design has been summarized below. The detailed design may be found
in appendix A.

The designed structure was checked against the following actions:

 Permanent Loads
 Imposed Loads
 Wind Loads

For simplification the members were spit into nodes as per figure 5 below. The permanent and
imposed loads were converted to point loads and applied at the nodes as nodal loads. The wind loads
were placed as distributed loads on the members.

Figure 5: Nodal Positions

The nominal distributed and nodal loads have been summarized in the tables below.

Nodes Member UDL (kN/m)

1-2-3-4 Column 4.82
4-5-6-7-8-9 Rafter 4.76
9-10-11-12-13-14 Rafter 4.76
14-16-17-18-19-20 Rafter 4.76
20-21-22-23-24-25 Rafter 4.76
25-26-27-28 Column 4.82
Table 2: Nominal Wind Loads (Wind Across)

Nodes Member UDL (kN/m)

1-2-3-4 Column 5.49
4-5-6-7-8-9 Rafter 6.59
9-10-11-12-13-14 Rafter 6.59
14-16-17-18-19-20 Rafter 6.59
20-21-22-23-24-25 Rafter 6.59
25-26-27-28 Column 5.49
Table 3: Nominal Wind Load (Wind Along)

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Node Dead Load (kN) Imposed Load (kN)

X Y X Y
1 0.84 0 0 0
2 1.2 0 0 0
3 1.2 0 0 0
4 1.34 -0.84 0 -1.27
5 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
6 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
7 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
8 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
9 0 -2.19 0 -2.54
10 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
11 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
12 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
13 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
14 0 -2.37 0 -2.54
15 0 0 0 0
16 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
17 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
18 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
19 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
20 0 -2.19 0 -2.54
21 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
22 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
23 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
24 0 -1.97 0 -2.54
25 -1.34 -0.84 0 -1.27
26 -1.2 0 0 0
27 -1.2 0 0 0
28 -0.84 0 0 0
Table 4: Nominal Permanent and Imposed Nodal loads
The load combinations below were investigated and it was found that load case 3 (LC3) yielded the
most critical results

LC1: 1.2Dn + 1.6Ln

LC2: 0.9Dn + 1.3 Wn1
LC3: 0.9Dn + 1.3 Wn2

The Results from the analysis of load case 3 have been summarized in the figures below

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Figure 5: Axial Force Diagram

Figure 6: Moment Diagram

Figure 7: Shear Force Diagram

Rafter
Cu = 63.58 kN
Mu = 214.8 kNm
Vu = 68.06 kN
Column
Cu = 154.5 kN
Mu = 198.9 kNm
Vu = 53.47 kN

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An analysis of the bracing and gable columns was also conducted, their maximum actions are in table
5 below.

Member Length Axial Force (kN) Moment (kNm)

Gable Column 7.763 5.885 26.05
Roof Brace 7.071 18.67 0
Side Brace 7.81 5.201 0
Table 5: Actions on gable columns and bracing

The above actions were used in the design process and member sized were optimized to suite the
applied actions. The final member sizes have been summarized table 6 below.

Member Section Size

Rafter 356x171x67
Column 356x171x51
Gable Columns 254x146x31
Gable Columns 254x146x32
Brace 90x90x8
Purlin 200x100x20x2.5
Side-Rails 200x100x20x2.5
Table 6: Final Member Sizes

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3. Conclusion

In conclusion the structural concrete requirements have been successfully addressed and the selected
sections will be adequate for the structure. The project will advance to fabrication and construction
phase with the aid of the detailed drawings provided in appendix C. Details of the contract value are
given in appendix B

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4. Recommendations

It is recommended that the columns on the inside of the building be spray painted yellow in order to
minimise them being accidentally damaged by fork lifts.

It is further recommended that a bund wall be provided around the gable columns at apex, this is to
minimise them being accidentally damaged by truck driving in and out.

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APPENDIX A

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APPENDIX B

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APPENDIX C

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