Digestive System
Digestive System
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery) acterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System: Escherichia
B
coli Gastroenteritis to Bacillus cereus Gastroenteritis
ausative Agent:
C
genus Shigella: S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii Escherichia coli Gastroenteritis
Modes of Transmission: Causative Agents:
Person-to-person: through ● nterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC):Often associated
E
Site/s of Infection:intestinal epithelial cell with "traveler's diarrhea," produces toxins that
Symptoms:abdominal cramps, fever, and bowel movements stimulate the intestinal lining, leading to diarrhea.
as many as 20 in one day
Diagnosis Test: ● nteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC):Primarily affects
E
Treatment:antibiotic and; for severe cases, infants, causing disruption to the intestinal cells and
antibiotic-sensitivity testing is needed beforehand diarrhea.
● Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC):Invades the cells
Salmonellosis (Salmonella Gastroenteritis) lining the intestines, causing inflammation and
symptoms similar to dysentery.
ausative Agent:Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium
C ● Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC):Known for its
and Entritidis adherence to intestinal cells, leading to persistent
Site/s of Infection:small and large intestines diarrhea, particularly in children.
Modes of Transmission:
Food-borne:through poorly prepared meat, e.g. chicken
Indirect contact:through cross-contamination betweenraw
meat and kitchen equipment (cutting boards, knives, etc.) Modes of Transmission:
Symptoms:headaches, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, andfever ● onsumption of Contaminated Food:Commonly
C
Diagnosis Test:isolation of bacteria from fecal matterand found in undercooked meat (particularly beef),
analyzing history of recent consumption of high-risk foods unpasteurized milk, and raw vegetables contaminated
Treatment:oral rehydration therapy with fecal matter.
● Water Contamination:Exposure to untreated or
yphoid Fever
T contaminated water sources, including recreational
Causative Agent:Salmonella typhi water and improperly sanitized municipal water.
Site/s of Infection:spleen and liver and eventuallyto the ● Person-to-Person Contact:Direct contact with an
bloodstream infected person or through poor hygiene practices,
Modes of Transmission:fecal matter from other humans especially in childcare and healthcare settings.
Sites of Infection: articularly in children, leading to hemolytic uremic
p
● Intestinal Tract:Primarily infects the small andlarge syndrome (HUS).
intestines, with varying degrees of severity based on
the strain. Symptoms:
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Sites of Infection:
Cryptosporidiosis
ausative Agent:Cryptosporidium parvum&C. hominis
C
Reservoir or Host:Cattle; water
Modes of Transmission:Ingestion of oocysts via
contaminated water or contact with animal waste CDC - DPDx - Taeniasis. (2024, June 7). Cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/taeniasis/index.html
Sites of infection:Intestines
Diagnostic Test:Acid-fast stain iseases Associated with Tapeworms
D
Symptoms:Self-limiting diarrhea; may be life-threateningin A. Taeniasis
immunosuppressed patients Causative Agent:adult tapeworms
Treatment:Nitazoxanide a. Taenia saginata(beef tapeworm)
b. Taenia solium(pork tapeworm)
Cyclosporiasis Mode of Transmission:consumption of
ausative Agent:Cyclospora cayetanensis
C undercooked beef, pork, or fish containingcysticerci
Reservoir or Host:Humans; birds (larval form)
Modes of Transmission:Ingestion of oocysts in contaminated Sites of Infection:intestine
food or water Symptoms:generally benign, asymptomatic
Sites of infection:Intestines condition (eg. vague abdominal discomfort)
Symptoms:Watery diarrhea Diagnostic Test:Microscopic identification of eggs
Diagnostic Test:Acid-fast stain and proglottids in feces
Treatment:Antibiotic combination of trimethoprimand sul Treatment:Antiparasitic drugs (eg. praziquantel and
famethoxazole niclosamide)