A

SEMINAR
ON
“COMPUTER LANGUAGE”

SUBMITED BY: -
NAME: -SATYASNATA PANDA
COURSE: -HDCA+TALLY
REGD.NO: -XV-785/113455
ACADEMY OF COMPUTER EDUCATION,
KUCHINDA
 CERTIFICATE
DIRECTOR: -MR. RAJESH KU. SHARMA
FACULTY: -MR. MANJIT PALEI
: -MISS. BHRATI KUSUM
: -MISS.JHUNI BEHERA

This is to certify that MISS.SATYASNATA PANDA

AT: - “ACADEMY OF COMPUTER EDUCATION” is
working under my supervision and guidance for her
seminar project on “COMPUTER LANGUAGE”.
Her project “COMPUTER LANGUAGE” is detail
seminar about now a day’s computer, which she has
submitted in genuine and original work.

Place: -ACE, KUCHINDA Signature of the faculty

Date: -
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank my seminar guide Mr. Manjit

Palei and my friends for proper
guidance and valuable suggestions. I
am greatly thankful to Mr. Rajesh ku.
Sharma the HOD of ACE computer
centre and all faculty members for
giving me an opportunity to learn and
do this seminar. Without mention these
people my seminar would never be
completed.

DIRECTOR:- Mr. RAJESH KUMAR SHARMA

FACULTY:- Mr. MANJIT PALEI
:- Miss. JHUNI BEHERA
:- Miss. BHARATI KUSUM
 GENERATION OF COMPUTER

Generation in computer terminology is a change in

technology a computer is/was being used. Initially,
the generation term was used to distinguish
between varying hardware technologies.
Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and
software, which together make up an entire
computer system.
There are five computer generations known till
date. Each generation has been discussed in detail
along with their time period and characteristics. In
the following table, approximate dates against
each generation have been mentioned, which are
normally accepted.
Following are the main five generations of
computer.

Sl Generation & Description

no
1 First Generation
The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube
based.
2 Second Generation
The time period of second generation: 1959-1965.
Transistor based.
3 Third Generation
The period of third generation: 1965-1971.Integrated
Circuit based.
4 Fourth Generation
 The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI
microprocessor based.
5 Fifth Generation
The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards.ULSI
microprocessor

First Generation Computers

The period of first generation was from 1946-1959. The
computers of first generation used Vacuum tubes as
the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU
(Central processing Unit). These tubes, like electric
bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used
to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive
and only large organizations were able to afford it.
In this generation, mainly batch process operating
system was used. Punch cards, paper tape, and
magnetic tape were used as input and output devices.
The computers in this generation used machine code as
programming language.
The main features of the first generation are:
i. Vacuum tube technology
ii. Unreliable
iii. Supported machine language only
iv. Very costly
v. Generated a lot of heat
vi. Slow input and output devices
vii. Huge size
viii. Need AC
ix. Non- portable
 Some computers of this generation were:

:- ENIAC
:- UNIVAC

Second Generation Computers

The period of second generation was from 1959-1965.
In this generation, transistor were used that were
cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size,
more reliable and faster than the first generation
machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation,
magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and
magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary
storage devices.
In this generation, assembly language and high-level
programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL was
used. The computers used batch processing and
multiprogramming operating system.
The main features of second generation are:
i. Use of transistor
ii. Reliable in comparison to first generation
computers
iii. Smaller size as compare to first generation
computers
iv. Generated less heat as compared to first
generation computers
v. Consumed less electricity as compared to first
generation computers
vi. Faster than first generation computers
vii. very costly
viii. AC required
ix. Supported machine and assembly languages

Some computers of this generation were:

. IBM 1620

. IBM 7094

. CDC 1604

Third Generation Computers

The period of third generation was from 1965-1971.
The computers of third generation used integrated
Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has
many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with
the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development
made computers smaller in size, reliable, and efficient.
In this generation remote processing, time-sharing,
multi-programming operating system were used. High-
level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL
PL/1, BASICX, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this
generation.

The main features of third generation are:

i. IC used
 ii. More reliable in comparison to previous two
generations
iii. Smaller size, Generated less heat
iv. Faster, Lesser maintenance
v. Costly
vi. AC required
vii. Consumed lesser electricity
viii. Supported high-level language

Some computers of this generation were:

i. IBM-360 series
ii. Honeywell-6000 series
iii. PDP (Program Data Processor)
iv. IBM-370/168
v. TDC-316

Fourth Generation Computers

The period of fourth generation was from 1971-1980.
Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale
Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about
5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their
associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to
have microcomputers of fourth generation.
Fourth generation computers became more powerful,
compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave
rise to Personal Computer (PC) revolution. In this
generation, time sharing, real time networks,
distributed operating system were used. All the high-
level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc, were used in
this generation.
 i. AI includes:
ii. Robotics
iii. Neural Networks
iv. Development of expert systems to make decision
in real-life situations
v. Natural language understanding and generation

The main features of fifth generation are:

I. ULSI technology
II. Development of true artificial intelligence
III. Advancement in Superconductor technology
IV. Advancement in Natural language processing
V. More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia
features
VI. Availability of very powerful and compact
computers at cheaper rates
VII. Advancement in Parallel Processing

Some computer types of this generation

are:
i. Desktop
ii. Laptop
iii. Note Book
iv. Ultra Book
v. Chrome Book
Conclusion: -
As a result of the various improvement to the
development of the computer we have seen the
computer being used in all areas of life.it is a very
useful tool that will continue to experience new
development as time passes.

THANK