SCIENCE- Class X

Sample Case Studies

1. Read the following and answer any four questions from 1.1 to 1.5:

Marble’s popularity began in ancient Rome and Greece, where white and off-
white marble were used to construct a variety of structures, from hand-held
sculptures to massive pillars and buildings.

1.1 The substance not likely to contain CaCO3 is

a) Dolomite
b) A marble statue
c) Calcined gypsum
d) Sea shells.
1.2 A student added 10g of calcium carbonate in a rigid container, secured it tightly and
started to heat it. After some time, an increase in pre ure was observed, the pressure
reading was then noted at intervals of 5 mins and plotted against time, in a graph as
shown below. During which time interval did maximum decomposition took place?

a) 15-20 min
b) 10-15 min
c) 5-10 min
d) 0-5 min

1.3 Gas A, obtained above is a reactant for a very important biochemical process which
occurs in the presence of sunlight. Identify the name of the process -
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) sphotolysis

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1.4 Marble statues are corroded or stained when they repeatedly come into
conttact with polluted rain water. Identify the main reason.

a) decomposition of calciumm carbonate to calcium oxide

b) polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate
c) polluted water is acidic inn nature hence it reacts with calciumcarbonate
d) calcium carbonate dissolvves in water to give calcium hydroxide.

1.5 Calcium oxide can be reduceed to calcium, by heating with sodium metal.
Which compound would act as an oxidizing agent in the above process?
a) Sodium
b) sodium oxide
c) calcium
d) calcium oxide

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2. Read the following and answer any four questions from 2.1 to 2.5:

The reaction between MnO2 with HCl is depicted in the following diagram. It was
observed that a gas with bleaching abilities was released .

2.1 The chemical reaction between MnO2 and HCl is an example of:
a) displacement reaction
b) combination reaction
c) redox reaction
d) decomposition reaction.

2.2 Chlorine gas reacts with _______ to form bleaching powder.

a) dry Ca(OH)2
b) dil. solution of Ca(OH)2
c) conc. solution of Ca((OH)2
d) dry CaO
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2.3 Identify the correct statement from the following:
MnO2 is getting reduced whereas HCl is getting oxidized
a) MnO2 is getting oxidized whereas HCl is getting reduced.
b) MnO2 and HCl both are getting reduced.
c) MnO2 and HCl both are getting oxidized.

2.4 In the above discussed reaction, what is the nature of MnO2 ?

a) Acidic oxide
b) Basic oxide
c) Neutral oxide
d) Amphoteric oxide

2.5 What will happen if we take dry HCl gas instead of aqueous solution of HCl?
a) Reaction will occur faster.
b) Reaction will not occur.
c) Reaction rate will be slow
d) Reaction rate will remain the same.

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3. Read the following and answer any four questions
from 3.1 to 3.5: Chemistry in Automobiles:
Foran internal combustion enginetomoveavehicledowntheroad,itmustconvertthe
energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy to drive the wheels. In your car,the
distributor and battery provide this starting energy by creating an electrical
"spark",which helps in combustion of fuels like gasoline. Below is the
reactiondepictingcomplete combustionof gasolineinfullsupplyof air:

3.1 Which of the following are the products obtained from the reaction
mentioned in the above case?

Product ‘X’Product ‘Y’

a) CO2 H2O2
b) H2O CO
c) CH3OH H2O
d) CO2 H2O
3.2 Identify the types of chemical reaction occurring during the combustion of fuel:
a) Oxidation & Endothermic reaction
b) Decomposition & Exothermic reaction
c) Oxidation & Exothermic reaction
d) Combination & Endothermic reaction

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3.3 On the basis of evolution/absorption of energy, which of the following
proccesses are similar to combustion of fuel?
a) Photosynthesis in plaants
b) Respiration in the huuman body
c) Decomposition of veegetable matter
d) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate.

(a) (ii) & (iii)

(b) (i) & (ii)
(c) (iii) & (iv)
(d) (ii) & (i)

3.4 ‘A student while walking on the road observed that a cloud of black smoke
belched out from the exhaust stack of moving trucks on the road.’ Choose
the correct reason for the production of black smoke:
a) Limited supply of air leads to incomplete combustion of fuel.
b) Rich supply of air leads to complete combustion of fuel.
c) Rich supply of air leads to a combination reaction.
d) Limited supply of air leads to complete combustion of fuel.

3.5 ‘Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the tmosphere, it does not
take part in combustion’. Identify the coorrect reason for this statement.
a) Nitrogen is a reactive gas
b) Nitrogen is an inert gas
c) Nitrogen is an explosive gas
d) Only hydrocarbons can take part in combustion

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4. Read the following and answer any four questions from 4.1 to 4.5:
Frothing in Yamuna:
The primary reason behind the formation of the toxic foam is high phosphate
content in the wastewater because of detergeents used in dyeing industries,
dhobi ghats and households. Yamuna's pollution level is so bad that parts of it
have been labelled 'dead' as thhere is no oxygen in it for aquatic life to survive.

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4.1 Predict the pH value of the water of river Yamuna if the reason for froth is
high content of detergents dissolved in it.
a) 10-11
b) 5-7
c) 2-5
d) 7
4.2 Which of the following statements is correct for the water with detergents dissolved in it?
-
a) low concentration of hydroxide ion (OH )and high concentration of
+
hydronium ion (H3O )
-
b) high concentration of hydroxide ion (OH )and low concentration of
+
hydronium ion (H3O )
- +
c) high concentration of hydroxide ion (OH ) as well as hydronium ion (H3O )
- +
d) equal concentration of both hydroxide ion (OH ) and hydronium ion (H3O ).

4.3 The table provides the pH value of four solutions P, Q, R and S

Solution pH value
P 2
Q 9
R 5
S 11
Which of the following correctly represents the solutions in increasing
order of their hydronium ion concentration?
a) P>Q>R>S
b) P>S>Q>R
c) S<Q<R<P
d) S<P<Q<R
4.4 High content of phosph te ion in river Yamuna may lead to:
a) decreased level of dissolved oxygen and increased growth of algae
b) decreased level of dissolved oxygen and no effect of growth of algae
c) increased level of dissolved oxygen and increased growth of algae
d) decreased level of dissolved oxygen and decreased growth of algae

4.5 If a sample of water containing detergents is provided to you, which of the

following methods will you adopt to neutralize it?
a) Treating the water with baking soda
b) Treating the water with vinegar
c) Treating the water with caustic soda
d) Treating the water with washing soda

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5. Read the following and answwer any FOUR questions from 5.1 to 5.5 that
follow on the basis of information provided and studied concepts.
A biogas plant is where biogas iss produced by fermenting biomass.

5.1 In which of the parts would you find anaerobic bacteria ?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

5.2 Which one of the following is NOT correct for biogas -

a) its carbon neutral
b) its non-renewable
c) it depends on micro-orgganisms
d) yields rich manure

5.3 Which of the following best in icates the steps of anaerobic digestion?
a) Waste watezr feed → biogas storage → generator → biogas
b) Waste water feed → digester → biogas → biogas storage → generator
c) Generator → waste watter feed → digester → biogas → biogas storage
d) Waste water feed → biogas → digester → biogas storage → generator

5.4 Biogas is a better fuel than annimal dung cake because

a) Biogas is a renewable source of energy
b) Animal dung cake has higher calorific value
c) Biogas has high heatingg capacity
d) Biogas burns without s moke.
i. (a) only
ii. (b) only
iii. (c) and (d)
iv. (a) and (b)

5.5 Biogas is formed in the

a) presence of air only
b) presence of water only
c) presence of air and absence of water
d) presence of water and abssence of air.
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6. Read the following and answer the questions any four from (i) to (v)
Food chains are very important for the survival of most species.

6.1 If 10,000 J solar energy falls on green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem, what
percentage of solar energy will be converted into food energy?
a) 10,000 J
b) 100 J
c) 1000 J
d) It will depend on the type of t e terrestrial plant.

6.2 If Ravi is consuming cur /yogurt for lunch , which trophic level in a food
chain he should be considered as occupying ?
a) First trophic level
b) Second trophic level
c) Third trophic level
d) Fourth trophic level

6.3 The decomposers are not included in the food chain.The correct reason for
the same is because decomposers:
a) Act at every trophic level of the food chain
b) Do not breakdown organic compounds
c) Convert organic material to inorganic forms
d) Release enzymes outside their body to convert organic material to inorganic forms

6.4 Matter and energy are two fundamental inputs of an ecosystem. Movement of
a) Energy is bidirectional and matter is repeatedly circulating.
b) Energy is repeatedly circulation and matter is unidirectional.
c) Energy is unidirectional and matter is repeatedly circulating.
d) Energy is multidirectional and matter is bidirectional.

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6.5 Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain?
a) Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels
b) Less availability of food
c) Polluted air
d) Water

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7. Read the following and answer the questions any four from (i) to (v)
Observe the food web and answer the questions given below -

7.1 The mussel can be described as

a) Producer
b) Primary consumer
c) Secondary consumer
d) decomposer

7.2 Which trophic level is incorrectly defined?

a) Carnivores – secondary or tertiary consumers
b) Decomposers – microbial heterotrophs
c) Herbivores – primary consumers
d) Omnivores – molds, yeast and mushrooms

7.3 The given figure best represents:

a) Grassland food chain

b) Parasitic food chain
c) Forest food chain
d) Aquatic food chain

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7.4 Why do all food chains start with plants?
a) Because plants are easilly grown
b) Because plants are nutritious
c) Because plants can prodduce its own energy
d) Because plants do not require energy

7.5 In the food web, what two organisms are competing for food?

a) A and B c) A and C
b) D and F d) B and D

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8. Observe the following diagraam and answ r the questions any four from (i) to (v)

8.1 Choose the waste management strategy that is matched with correct examplee.

a) Refuse Choose products that use less packaging

b) Reduce Give unwanted toys and books to hospitals or scchools
c) Reuse Not using single use plastic
d) Repurpose Making flower pot from used plastic bottle

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8.2 Recycling of paper is a good practice but recycled paper should not be used
as food packaging because
a) recycled papers may release color /dyes on food items
b) recycled papers are not absorbent
c) recycled papers can cause infection due to release of methane
d) recycled papers are costly

8.3 According to the ‘Solid Waste Management Rule 2016’, the waste should be segregated into
three categories. Observe the table below and select the row that has correct information
Wet waste Dry waste Hazardous waste
a) Cooked food, vegetable Used bulbs, fluorescent Plastic carry bags, bottles,
peels lamps newspaper, cardboard
b) Coffee and tea powder, Plastic carry bags, bottles, Expired medicines, razors,
garden waste newspaper, cardboard paint cans

c) Leftover food, vegetable Coffee and tea powder, Insect repellents, cleaning
peels garden waste solutions
d) Uncooked food, tea Old crockery, frying pans Coffee and tea powder, garden
leaves waste

8.4 Effective segregation of wastes at the point of gener tion is very important. Select
the appropriate statements giving the importance of waste segregation.
i) less waste goes to the landfills
ii) better for public health and the environment
iii) help in reducing the waste
iv) resulting in deterioration of a waste picker’s health
a) both i) and ii)
b) both i) and iii)
c) both ii) and iii)
d) both i) and iv)

8.5 When recycling a pl stic w ter bottle, what should you do with the cap?
a) The cap goes into a garbage can and the bottle goes in a recycling bin
b) Screw the cap back on the bottle, then put the bottle and cap in a recycling bin
c) Screw the cap back on the bottle, then put the bottle and cap in the garbage can
d) Recycle the cap separately.

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9. Read the following and answer any FOUR questions from 9.1 to 9.5 that follow
on the basis of information provided and studied concepts.

In Kunjpura village, located in Karnal district, Haryana, AdityaAggarwal and his older brother
AmitAggarwal run Tee Cee Industries, a steel plant set up by their ancestors in 1984. Along
with this, they also run a gaushala that houses 1,200 cows that can no longer produce milk.

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The cow shelter was manageablle but running the steel plant was turning out to be
exxpensive because they spent a whopping Rs 5 lakh every month on electricity.
The brothers struck upon an ideea. Why not run the factory with the biogas
produced from cow dung from the shelter and other gaushhalas, along with bio
and agri-waste like sewage, farm waste, etcThis led Aditya and Amit to start
AmmritFertilisers, a biogas project, in 2014, without any government support.
9.1 Biogas is a mixture of the foollowing gases.
(a) Ethane,Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen and Butane
(b) Methane,Hydrogen,Carrbon dioxide and Nitrogen
(c) Butane,Carbon monoxide,Propane and Hydrogen
(d) Carbon monoxide,Sulphur dioxide and Hydrogen

9.2 Raw material used in bio gas plant is

(a) Animal dung
(b) crop residue
(c) Food waste
(d) All of the above

9.3 The correct labelling in a biogas plant is given in

(a) A- Manure B- slurry C-Gas tank D-Digester

(b)A- Slurry B-Digester C-Manure D- Gas tank
(c) A-Gas tank B- Manure C-Digester D- Slurry
(d) A- Digester B-Gas tank C-Slurry D-Manure.

9.4 Biogas is a better fuel than animal dung cake because

(i) Biogas has lower caalorific value.
(ii) Animal dung cake has higher calorific value.
(iii) Biogas has high heaating capacity.
(iv) Biogas burns without smoke.

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (ii)
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 9.5 Biogas is formed in the
(a) presence of air only.
(b) presence of water only.
(c) absence of air only.
(d) presence of water and absence of air.

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10. Read the following and answer the questions any four from (i) to (v)

Food chains are very important for the survival of most species. When only one
element is removed from the food chain it can result in extinction of a species in some
cases. The foundation of the food chain consists of primary producers.

Primary producers, or autotrophs, can use either solar energy or c emical energy to create complex organic
compounds, whereas species at higher trophic levels cannot and so must consume producers or other life
that itself consumes producers. Because the sun's light is necessary for photosynthesis, most life could
not exist if the sun disappeared. Even so, it has recently been discovered that there are some forms of life,
chemotrophs, that appear to gain all their metabolic energy from chemosythesis driven by hydrothermal
vents, thus showing that some life may not require solar energy to thrive.

10.1 If 10,000 J solar energy falls on green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem, what
percentage of solar energy will be converted into food energy?
a) 10,000 J
b) 100 J
c) 1000 J
d) It will depend on the type of the terrestrial plant.

10.2 Mr. X is eating curd/yogurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should
be considered as occupying
a) First trophic level
b) Second trophic level
c) Third trophic level
d) Fourth trophic level

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10.3 The decomposers are not included in the food chain.
The correct reason for the same is because decomposers:
a) Act at every trophic level of the food chain
b) Do not breakdown organic compounds
c) Convert organic material to inorganic forms
d) Release enzymes outside their body to convert organic material to inorganic forms

10.4 Matter and energy are two fundamental inputs of an ecosystem. Movement of
a) Energy is bidirectional and matter is repeatedly circulating.
b) Energy is repeatedly circulation and matter is unidirectional.
c) Energy is unidirectional and matter is repeatedly circulating.
d) Energy is multidirectional and matter is bidirectional.

10.5 Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain?
a) Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels
b) Less availability of food
c) Polluted air
d) Water

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11. Read the following and answer the questions any four from (i) to (v)

Biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms and abiotic factors

from which they derive energy and nutrients. And ecosystem is d fin d as structural
and functional unit of the biosphere comprising of living and non-living environm nt
that interact by means of food chains and chemical cycles resulting in energy flow,
biotic diversity and material cycling to form a stable, self-supporting system

11.1 Which trophic level is incorrectly defined?

a) Carnivores – secondary or tertiary consumers
b) Decomposers – microbial heterotrophs
c) Herbivores – primary consumers
d) Omnivores – molds, yeast and mushrooms

11.2 The diagram below shows a food web from the sea shore

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 The mussel can be described as
a) Producer
b) Primary consumer
c) Secondary consumer
d) Decomposer

11.3 The given figure best represents:

a) Grassland food chain

b) Parasitic food chain
c) Forest food chain
d) Aquatic food chain

11.4 Consider the following statements concerning food chains:

(i) Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation
(ii) Removal of most of the c rnivores resulted in an increased population of herbivores.
(iii) The length of the food chains is generally limited to 3 – 4 trophic levels due to energy loss
(iv)The length of the food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels

Which two of the above statements are correct?

a) (i), (iv)
b) (i), (ii)
c) (ii), (iii)
d) (iii), (iv)
11.5 Which of the following group of organisms are not included in ecological food chain?
a) Carnivores
b) Saprophytes
c) Herbivores
d) Predators

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12. Waste management is essential in today’s society. Due to an increase in
population, the generation of waste is getting doubled day by day. Moreover, the
increase in waste is affecting the lives of many people.
Waste management is the managing of waste by disposal and recycling of it. Moreover, waste
management needs proper techniques keeping in mind the environmental situations. For instance,
there are various methods and techniques by which the waste is disposed of. You must have come
across 5 R’s to save the environment: refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose and recycle.

12.1 Choose the waste management strategy that is matched with correct example.
a) Refuse Choose products that use less packaging

b) Reduce Give unwanted toys and books to

hospitals or schools
c) Reuse Not using single use plastic
d) Repurpose Making flower pot from used plastic bottle

12.2 Recycling of paper is a good practice but recycled paper should not be used
as food packaging because
a) recycled papers take lots of space
b) recycled papers can’t cover food properly
c) recycled papers can cause infection
d) recycled papers are costly

12.3 According to the ‘Solid Waste Management Rule 2016’, t e waste should be segregated into three
categories. Observe the table below and select the row that has correct information
Wet waste Dry waste Hazardous waste
a) Cooked food, Used bulbs, Plastic carry bags,
vegetable peels fluorescent lamps bottles, newspaper,
cardboard
b) Coffee and tea P astic carry bags, Expired medicines,
powder, garden bottles, newspaper, razors, paint cans
waste cardboard
c) Leftover foo , Coffee and tea Insect repellents,
veget ble peels powder, garden waste cleaning solutions
d) Uncooked food, Old crockery, frying Coffee and tea powder,
tea leaves pans garden waste

12.4 Effective segregation of wastes at the point of generation is very important.

Select the appropriate statements giving the importance of waste segregation.
i) less waste goes to the landfills
ii) better for public health and the environment
iii) help in reducing the waste
iv) resulting in deterioration of a waste picker’s health
a) both i) and ii)
b) both i) and iii)
c) both ii) and iii)
d) both i) and iv)

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12.5 The given graph shows the amount of waste generated, dumped and treated in perccentage. Identify
the reason of low success rate of waste management process.

a) only 15% of urban India’s waste is processed

b) less than 60% of waste is collected from households
c) more than 60% of waste is collected from households
d) both a and b

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