MS EXCEL LONG

1. What are charts in Excel? Explain the different

types of charts with their uses.

Charts are visual representations of data in Excel. They help in understanding trends,
patterns, and comparisons.

Common Chart Types:

Column Chart: Displays data in vertical bars. Good for comparisons.

Bar Chart: Uses horizontal bars. Ideal when category names are long.

Line Chart: Shows trends over time. Useful for continuous data.

Pie Chart: Represents parts of a whole in circular format.

Area Chart: Like a line chart, but filled below the line.

Example Use: Sales trends over months shown in a line chart.

2. Describe the steps to create and format a

spreadsheet in MS Excel.

Steps:

Open Excel and enter your data into rows and columns.

Format cells using:

Bold/Italics

Number format (currency, date, etc.)

Font size/color

Use formulas like =SUM(), =IF().

Merge cells using Home > Merge & Center.

Apply borders and cell background color for readability.

Adjust column width/row height for neat alignment.

3. What is conditional formatting? How is it useful?
Explain with steps and examples.

Conditional Formatting allows you to format cells based on certain conditions

(rules).

Use:

To highlight important data (e.g., failed marks, highest values).

Steps:

Select the data range (e.g., A1:A10).

Go to Home → Conditional Formatting.

Choose a rule (e.g., “Highlight Cell Rules → Less than → 35”).

Choose a formatting style (e.g., red fill).

Click OK.

Example: Highlight marks below 35 in red to show failed students.

4. What are Pivot Tables in MS Excel? Explain how to

create and use them.

A Pivot Table is a tool in Excel used to summarize, analyze, explore, and present
large data sets.

Steps to create:

Select your data range.

Go to Insert → PivotTable.

Choose where to place the table (new/existing sheet).

In the PivotTable Fields panel:

Drag fields to Rows (e.g., Product)

Drag fields to Columns (e.g., Month)

Drag fields to Values (e.g., Sales)

The table summarizes the data instantly.

Use Case: Show total sales per product by region or month.

MS WORD LONG:

1. What is Mail Merge in MS Word? Explain its

steps with an example.

Mail Merge is used to send personalized letters, labels, or emails to multiple

recipients using a data source.

Steps:

Open a new document.

Go to Mailings → Start Mail Merge → Letters.

Click Select Recipients → Use Existing List (Excel file or Word table).

Insert merge fields like <<Name>>, <<Address>>.

Click Preview Results to see each entry.

Choose Finish & Merge → Print Documents or Send Emails.

Example: Sending personalized invitations to 50 students using an Excel sheet with

names.

2. What are Macros in MS Word? How are they

created and used?

Macros are a series of recorded actions to automate repetitive tasks.

To Create a Macro:

Go to View → Macros → Record Macro.

Name the macro and assign a button or keyboard shortcut.

Perform the tasks you want recorded (e.g., formatting text).

Click Stop Recording.

To Use:

Run the macro from View → Macros → View Macros → Run.

Note: Macros can be dangerous if used in malicious documents—enable only from
trusted sources.

3. Discuss the different types of text

formatting available in MS Word.
Text formatting improves document readability and appearance.

Types:

Font Style and Size: Set via the Home tab.

Bold, Italic, Underline: Used for emphasis.

Font Color & Highlighting: To mark or categorize text.

Text Alignment: Left, Center, Right, Justify.

Line Spacing & Paragraph Indents: Controls spacing between lines and
paragraphs.

Styles: Predefined combinations of fonts and spacing.

4. What is the use of Header, Footer,

and Page Number in MS Word?
Header/Footer:

Header appears at the top, footer at the bottom of each page.

Used for titles, chapter names, author info, etc.

Insert via Insert → Header/Footer.

Page Numbers:

Helps organize multi-page documents.

Insert via Insert → Page Number.

Useful For: Reports, assignments, books, and official documents.

MS WORD SHORT
1. What are macros in ms word? can they be used for cyber attacks? if yes, how? Short

Macros in MS Word are small programs written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) that
automate repetitive tasks, like formatting or inserting text.

Yes, macros can be used for cyberattacks. Here's how:

Attackers embed malicious code in a Word document macro.

When the user opens the file and enables macros, the code runs.

It can download malware, steal data, or give remote control of the system.

2. Write any five ports and its number

Here are five common ports and their numbers:

HTTP – Port 80 (used for web traffic)

HTTPS – Port 443 (secure web traffic)

FTP – Port 21 (file transfer)

SSH – Port 22 (secure remote login)

SMTP – Port 25 (email sending)

3. What is Ms Word used for?

MS WORD is a word processing software used to create, edit, format and print text
documents.

4. What is a Watermark in MS Word?

A watermark is a faint background image or text that appears behind the main
content on each page of a Word document.

Purpose of Watermark:

To mark a document as Confidential, Draft, or Sample.

For branding (e.g., adding a company logo or name).

To prevent unauthorized copying or show ownership.

5. Which file extension is used by MS Word?

A: .doc (older) and .docx (newer versions).

MS POWERPOINT SHORT
1. What is MS PowerPoint?
A: It is a presentation software used to create slideshows with text,
images, animations, and more.
2. What is the default file extension of PowerPoint?
A: .pptx
3. : What is a transition?
A: An effect that occurs when moving from one slide to another.
4. What is an animation in PowerPoint?
A: An effect applied to text or objects to make them move on a slide.

MS EXCEL SHORT

Q: What is MS Excel?
A: A spreadsheet program used for data entry, calculation, and
analysis.

Q: What is the default file extension of Excel?

A: .xlsx

Q: What is conditional formatting?

A: Automatically changes the appearance of cells based on rules.

Q: What is the IF function?

A: =IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)

Q: Can we use multiple IF conditions?

A: Yes, it's called nested IF. Example: =IF(A1>90, "A", IF(A1>80, "B", "C"))

Q: What is the IFS function?

A: =IFS(condition1, value1, condition2, value2, ...)

⚫ Git & GitHub

 Q: What is Git?
A: Git is a version control system that tracks changes in code or files.
 Q: What is GitHub?
A: GitHub is a cloud-based platform to store and manage Git repositories.
 Q: What is the difference between Git and GitHub?
A: Git is local version control; GitHub is an online hosting service.
 Q: What is a commit?
A: A commit is a saved version of your project changes with a message.
 Q: What is 'git push'?
A: Uploads local repository content to a remote repository.
 Q: What is 'git pull'?
A: Fetches and merges changes from remote to local repository.
 Q: What is the purpose of 'git clone'?
A: To download an existing Git repository from GitHub.
 Q: What is a branch in Git?
A: A branch lets you work on different versions of a repository independently.
🟠 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
 Q: What is OOP?
A: OOP is a programming model based on objects that combine data and behavior.
 Q: What are the 4 pillars of OOP?
A: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
 Q: What is Encapsulation?
A: Encapsulation hides internal object details and shows only necessary information.
 Q: What is Inheritance?
A: A class can inherit properties and methods from another class.
 Q: What is Polymorphism?
A: The same function can perform different behaviors based on context.
 Q: What is a Class and an Object?
A: Class is a blueprint. Object is an instance of a class.
 Q: What is method overloading?
A: Same method name with different parameters.
 Q: What is method overriding?
A: Subclass redefines a method of its parent class.