Bmyc

WRITING SKILL
 CONDITIONALS “IF”
If you heat ice, it melts.
If he comes late, we’ll miss the bus.
If I were you, I would see a doctor.
If you hadn’t been rude, he wouldn’t have punished you.
✓ Review Type 0-1-2
✓ Conditionals Type 3
✓ Activities
 1. Definition of conditionals:
Ø Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main

clause (result).

Ø There are 4 types of conditionals: Type 0, type 1, type 2 and type 3.

E.g.: If you heat ice, it melts. (type 0)

If he comes late, we’ll miss the bus. (type 1)
If I were you, I would see a doctor. (type 2)
If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed. (type 3)
A. Review type 0-1-2
 If - clause Main clause Use
Type 0 If + presen simple Present simple Something which is always true, laws
general of nature
truth If you heat metal, it melts.
Type 1 If + any present form Future/ imperatice/ can/ Real – likely to happen in the
real (present simple, present continuous, may/ must + V-infinitive present or future
present present perfect, or present perfect
continuous)
If he leaves early, he will be on time for the meeting. If you are tired, go to bed.
If you have finished your work, we can go for a walk.
Type 2 If + past simple or past continuous Would/could/might + V- Imaginary situation contrary to the
unreal infinitive fact in the present; also used to give
present advice.
If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (but I haven’t seen a ghost – untrue in the present)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go out that late. (advice)
 Exercise 1: Fill in the right form of the verbs in the brackets.
E.g. If l were (be) you, I wouldn‘t lie about my age.
need (need) anything.
1) I will tell you if I ……….....
had
2) If I ………….... (have) her number, I would call her immediately.
water (water) plants regularly, they grow faster.
3) If you .............
4) If my uncle drove more slowly, I would join (join) him for a ride.
..................
studies
5) If he ……………..(study) harder, he will pass all his exams.
would not live
6) I ……………...........(not live) in this old house if I were rich.
goes
7) If the sun ................(go) down, it gets dark.
will help (help) you if your homework is too difficult.
8) I……………..
 Exercise 2: Correct the mistakes and write the correct sentences.
will ………………….
1) Jackie always screams if she will see a spider......... see -> sees

moves
2) He would be happier if he moves to a bigger flat. ....... -> moved
……………….
don’t -> doesn’t
3) If he don‘t come home by eleven, I will call the police...........................
Do -> Will
4) Do you help me if my suitcase is too heavy? ...........................
isn’t -> weren’t
5) My sister would do gymnastics if she isn‘t so tall………………..............
will press -> press
6) If you will press this button, the TV switches off...............................
knew -> know
7) I wouldn‘t talk to her if I didn‘t knew her.........................................
Would -> Will
8) Would you be scared if you see a snake? …………………………
B. Type 3 – Unreal past
 1. Usage:
Ø Conditional type 3 is used to talk about unreal or improbable situation in
the past; also used to express regret and criticism.

E.g.: If you hadn’t been rude, he wouldn’t have punished you.

If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed.

 2. Verbs in conditional type 3:
If-clause Main clause
(hypothesis) (result)
Would/ could/ might + have +
If + past perfect
past participle
E.g.:

Ø If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed.

Ø If he hadn’t behaved so badly, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him.
C. Activities
 Write type 3 conditionals as in example:

1. (ladder/break/not hurt his 2. (drive carefully/not have 3. (John run faster/win race)
leg) accident)

If the ladder hadn’t broken,

…………………………………………… If you had driven carefully,
…………………………………………… If John had run faster, he
……………………………………………
he wouldn’t have hurt his
…............................................ you wouldn’t have had
…............................................ could have won the race.
…............................................
leg.
.............................................. accident.
.............................................. ..............................................
.............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
 Notes
Ø Put a comma after the if-clause when it Ø After if, we can use were instead of was
comes first. in all persons.
E.g.: If we go by plane, it will be more expensive. E.g.: If I were you, I wouldn’t spend so much
It will be more expensive if we go by plane. money.
Ø We do not usually use will, would or
Ø Unless means if not
should in an if-clause.
E.g.: We’ll go for a picnic unless it rains.
E.g.: If we take a taxi, we won’t be late.
We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.
If we will take a taxi, we won’t be late.
 If - clause Main clause Use

Type 0 If + presen simple Present simple Something which is always true, laws of
general nature
truth If you heat metal, it melts.
Type 1 If + any present form Future/ imperatice/ can/ may/ Real – likely to happen in the present or
real (present simple, present continuous, present must/ + V-infinitive future
present perfect, or present perfect continuous)
If he leaves early, he will be on time for the meeting. If you are tired, go to bed.
If you have finished your work, we can go for a walk.

Type 2 If + past simple or past continuous Would/could/might + V-infinitive Imaginary situation contrary to the fact in
unreal the present; also used to give advice.
present If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (but I haven’t seen a ghost – untrue in the present)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go out that late. (advice)

Type 3 If + past perfect or past perfect continuous Would / could / might + have+ Imaginary situation in the past; also used to
Unreal past participle express regrets and criticism
past
If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed. (but I didn’t close the window – untrue in the past.
If he hadn’t behaved so badly, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him. (critism)
 Write type 0, 1, 2, 3 conditionals. Then write the
types of conditionals.

1. (you not study/not pass 2. (he have money/he buy a 3. (you not put on coat/you
exam) burger) catch a cold)

If you don’t study, you

…………………………………………… If he had money, he would
…………………………………………… If you don’t put on coat, you
……………………………………………
won’t pass the exam.
…............................................ buy a burger. (type 2)
…............................................ will catch a cold. (type 1)
…............................................
(type 1)
.............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
.............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
 Write type 0, 1, 2, 3 conditionals. Then write the
types of conditionals.

4. (she not fall over/not break 5. (he not play with 6. (you drop ice in water/it
the plates) matches/he burn his finger) float)

If she hadn’t fallen over, she

…………………………………………… If he hadn’t played with
…………………………………………… If you drop ice in water, it
……………………………………………
wouldn’t have broken the
…............................................ matches, he wouldn’t have
…............................................ floats. (type 0)
…............................................
plates. (type 3)
.............................................. burnt his finger. (type 3)
.............................................. ..............................................
.............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
You did something not nice to your friend. Write a letter to say
sorry and show your regrets.
You can make anything by
writing.
C.S. Lewis