| youve | + TH i's_unarcler ec! collechion af ilfezal dono elanenk. H Scle t+ Collechion. wf _well -elefined’ objecltis_calted_o Sels__are_clenoted by A,B. Elements or _members iin selfs denoled pasa osbse_ cle. = _ X_is_tn_element_of_sel_A_is_dene ted is_nal_element fash i @_ cet of natural numben N= ju Ry WS, 6 it = 128 © _set of. integers Pane Popeater tal Sa dao -ve ve G_sel_of ever, otimbers_upto__20 ft Bm ta tle 99 22H ot A 2 fae. je /XER x iy even osxcna yt ot fi f{xleer x sein 12£%<20% A_set af all the shite _in Indiaof sel _ called__subsel of NSB —*_Subset. 2 a © TF every —clement— BW then— ANS. denoted —by _set_B-—_—__— “* Sguality of fo. seg . + Th ASB and BEA then A=? » TE Ais subset of Band 6 fs subset of | they we say that both sels A_and Boxe 29: sels. wots, ae + The union of _set* under can sderation 7 - ~called “ay tinivertsal sek . ne Tip elemoted by "Uo ve -_Sek of syebl num ber REAVUTUG lal” y ‘TP _A fs subset “oe Bote Bis - ol ie ACR th called sup ey bet? ‘ en. ACB g subset J Ly maeMaE 2 ae¥ Equivalent Set = _s + The’ no. of: element} of set are both sel are equivalent - equal then 4 oA) = (8) * Example & efii2,3,4u} niAv=4 B= {dobic. df =r otehs a * [ates nb) 7 Compliment of set gruier ee = = The compliment of set A i denoted! , by At or _ a — * B={x/xev trent es We fxample ¢ ee de = Pts rend ay fe,esty* Union of sel t ~The union of Awo aébs_—_ and 2B by AUB .cine iW is ele fined ca, !A UB fizy ZEA OT XEE clenoted) * .Exomple t 1 “> = pz §sj2,3+-49 pad 4 55> 64 go {ash 25> PAU Bedi y 25 3, us So ej- : a 4 Properticr 2 i = i) Aun =BuA ~~~ ~~~ +-commuta live: iD (Aug) uc = Av(euc) -- - ajstociahve ii) Avd= A ~~ ~~~ oe sst Sidentity iv) AUU=U vy) Aun =U VD AvA= Wh ---.--+-++ tdempotent » * Tnkrsection of set ¢ + + “The intersection of two: seh A and B 1S denbled “Ii. anger a$i ae ee ee 3 Properhes : { : a - i) angb=t _ “| a ii) Anu = A 7 i) Anal =o ¥ Difference _of set 2 «let faded: B are any! two sels tnen clifference between A and B is clenotedl by, RoR EA x imcen sxe et | end, : s B-ns}x | ER, XEAF / fated ° Example & A pe = ) A= $1,243, 4,5 )10,"} BS f 1255, 458 6) 1 9h = 8-8 = fioy n} | B- As ( 6,79 4 ] . = yp __) Tasy eT is eee ; 8 - res fay b regs hoPf recoil* Sym metrit clifference * Fae j = A - A@&=fx/xEA-B OT XEB~ taixs Space MR sare ser ok COS [Ae@6=(n-8)U(a-A) |. ers ol a + Fxomple t i) At {12,3944 Bef id5'75 oF A-B = {24} BoA 74 1, St “ eAlOEeS 8) v6 Be. oa iy) Bs {* e+ : ars % Lat S64 ss Lena yay ' ve ink At {a,u5y9} ee =iv) A@A' = vu se v) [ROB = (AV) —(nng)| __ i). U= fo lnen yn s5 fo. _ As JNIneN . 4 ¥oerho Ano Bz {n/nen, B¥n¢isz_*g= c= {nOJNEN , S¥n <0} find A= z-f AOR ,C@R => WUE fit a 3, 5165 7) 971 4 M5195 13 DS, ae {$260 e810} i = Ji,2,38,u,12 14 tab t5 f ‘B= | dea) 8 = 42535455657) BIS = {6,158 193 Saunas) Lea, 10 p12 9 139248 F + T = {12 ta, iu} {3 jon}4 Alenn _¢liagram¢. ¥4_piclorial cceprestatalion of elt veon clingram: called “cur + Example &5 ane Suds —# GQ. Show that qn-B)-¢ = fA~ (Buc) = ‘ — @-B)-ce AT (BUC) |a= (Bue) a | . nut | from @ &@- @zp)a¢ = 4- (eve) ———Tence Proved - QQ Suow THAT, a-(6-¢) = (A-13) UCMBENC) =} _a-(p-¢) = (a-8)y (Apne)(nnpne) papal Q__Show that aNBne = Spt ee cs A J taut 6] . from 6 z er MBNCL AL : [ta-s)u(a-o)] Hence — ProvedOo horror “GQ. Shoo that oe = (ao 8) @¢ ——________* a — - Ae(seo) = CAaG6) eC 7 eateee- As |e a en Fe hey 2 c/o \ mek. es Egciet) [aliesyec [EA 162 Ty en=c. : ~ - az fom _@) ¢@) 5. : : y ; A@ (B@c) = (M@B@cd. : ’ te Proved. ¢“pho. tn : —————— = sie OST @ (Ane), [ cane) ion @) 4 @ AN(Bec ) PATa Oran eR fa ——= nt . . an . Ses] ij Cave) lo = or | AV (Bac) = (nue NCauc es clence — Provegl_ ee FaxedLL, oe gn Prove—cliskibition — ts G_St2}: Pi B26 a7e three onto 3 sno (eud = (PAB) V (Ane) iy py (one)_s (nue) AC AUC) ay Anise) = (AMB)U(ANC) an OAS, An(Bouc) =onal Ay paved = tw eal ave), [aT v8) 9 (oud) ¥ Pin ao me OG), | Av tend = (nua) ataucy a Va pence Proved),oi eS ad_—_prove—that De = mega ota, , A ¢ Bare non = emp by_seky._ Spuolity = ——— ( duelity_ of _equativun nis. ae sand is obtained © | by tu" by repleci —* Bkomple :* ya een > pre , Ordered pair 2- ta + An ordered pes of an object is pair of objech arranged) io same order. i-e-(a;0). vot -'.Cas b) and’ (bsa) iate hoo different ordered | pan. | Cartesian _Procluct' of seh 2- 1 TF A and B ave two seh then cereian produck of Aand' % fs denoted by AXB and: ts\ given by: AX Be Ties TT TEE 1YeBp a * Example ¢ i) he th 2p ar parbo th TAXB? P(e) (bd Oi (29) (2b) 0} ) * BX A= PCat), (and Ty aide=e ole Sa ————-———_ yeast — tals 5. _ am Fi TE do eneenetet + nfinike Sek $- = ae rar aS 8 A eek which is not Finfle {6 ‘called infinite sel + Countable _infinike t- = - If theve ty one- one corre pondance between the element. $2 Uncountable infinite + ines : — Hf sekiii nob countable dren th __ is called O4 uncountable. nt e fe] LA — Cot di a | - Ls——— ae : aie SEED = << Te_inelusion = Sxclusion prtocipie z= . ae let A_and B are hoo fipty tt re hwo Tintte = NUP) ERB) = O(nn A” a ————__ 98) +9 Ce) = Hipney” (ene) ~ OlAne) + PAD BNC) = Lave ve) = Il +18) + le) = Lang) — [anel=lanel ve = | anne] - tn a class of 90 studentssoknows. English , 55 kn owt french and 46 Knows German lanquaye > 37 student knowt Enqlish ¢ french, 2.8 studenb knows feneh and German 5 25 Student hnows English and German.s 7 Student knows nan oF the enqusgs ee Find ouk 5 ane tal : ta sts *How’ many “ude fanroT all the: tnzeé “langudge . H18h ii) How many” atudenls knows execly Hoo i lanquose .” 7 iii) How nang: saaalenk knowr only one language 3 _ let 4: Tere) no of ohidenh ; a \xl= 80 afrenen “shad. lenou? Cheney motgan's A txt] pypue | =7 ee | ————— so~ liupucd= Ti ant ow yp = On | Mupve) = 73 iE ~ a i) Tat thse languaye} = “Tananel tei laveve) = Initia) + ig) - [aon )= 18nd] = JAnc)+ tAnBAC) 73 = 50455 +u6—~37.-28 =25 F)onBne 5 .6l+ Langone)ee = [exoeHy 2 language |= = jane) + tench + ‘Taney — 31+ 28 +275 =3 0) D 12 student knows atl the three langu WD) 5h studenb knows exactly two languages ii) 7 students knowr ely one language . —Almeng integers a to 1000 _ ui) “How many! ‘oR’ term ‘are dot chivisible by 5 nor by € 5 no%" by 12 Pbiyie Youd we bb Hi) Hew many are net clivisible by 5 07 7 tut clivisible by 3 2 Teta No = [xl = looo let nt No. divisible + Bs 3° HAV = | joo {i= 933 “ a Beno. etuGible by S aS a lels | teoo{ = 20° ent 5sjnkensecHon © bw tin seein, : sAeither oor «only or % Union + and & Taterserton. _chiuisible atleat °} (AWBUC) - Jane] = egos = 47 3KT [Anenc] = [reco? Pansat | We know that , IAvepc] = ips Tore Te [08 Tene jen) ct lansnc| , 2 .33S-+ 200 Hur -66.-29 - UT 449 _ Tinto = TE] In) - Pav euc) £000 ~ 543 ; = usy —3 + — jan BUC = TAuavd: 2 = f 543 -{18 ee 543 ~ {200 By Venn, cling ram , [en (euc) | = 333~ (57+ 9435) = 2295. : Oe Among jokegers +o 3200@ i) How mang iof them are not divisible by 3 noe by 5 nor by 7 1) Mow many cave nok divisible by SO 7 buk clivisibte by 3? pe eae A .;BS No. clivisibe Is) = 300 = ¢0 + 5 . =— | é * Ct No. divisible by 7 Je) = 300 ~ 42 7 - * Ipngl) = |300" | = 20 BA5 * |Jenc| = 300 -~ 8 - Sx tow pnpnes 30° 3xont « Janc| = 300-5 ~ 1h M BAT We know dnak [Avaucl = In\+ Iel+ tel - |anp\ -Jene\ -Iancl + _lAnene| 100 +60 +42~ 20~B-1y + 2 J_____* loo téo419- 20 ~9 14° + LANBNE= 3 Traber 2s 38 _3—— +H) fan eve L= faeauele tavel_ = 7 = PS eae = {162 —& Go = U9 + ei TAR BVEL = + > = r - ) ; Here 5 i aks the numbersr not _clivisible by 5 07 louk clivisibte by S are» 6%aerala por demott nor not _ ate not “many of them ave 0 ; hore “ J) do not like ice=eream a ami E wearin Jas@__ans a ans = Ter woho doo pho Je = 5 i %) How many of when ave democrater - hal wleow ~qlasseri and do. not like Iee~ creon = a zi 3 Ix ] = 1000 Ans) = 395 } lal = 595 Ipnc) = 350 } Ip] = 595 | Inc} = 400, ; le) = 550 IAPR AC) = 250 i ‘ 5 1 [Poy wreh dems Ue | lAugucl= [nlalg oo ltl =Ta N8l-lsne} - +1 An BAe | yg —tiseans ea“= Av Bu] SIS IE ESO = ays - —— = = 4 _— See new 9 ya x IAuRUC)™” TAU Buc) = Ux ~lAvBuc} = \oo- 845 a 2s nae Ts pespler ave net democraly net wearing jlaie Gnd rot like ice-crea ™ at OF Jan Buel” cianavdl a [Buc) ieee _ ; pase Pia) lel= lene) 4 iz toat gus — ee eos yoo - i_S1o%* Saget : vat : 1oo arr! T Mhem are democredesy who do. -nok weet Salant nd do not like ictatveam.univer qrem . splay bridge: > pir and bridge > 40 “I” Pie Play tennis and joy profrenom fey an Tr is_krewe pley ennir > Solr of eg» 20-7: Play fe bridge and joy aod 30‘) Tf someone Claim that) 20 ‘I+ play Hausa tennis and bridge. Would you. believe ~Fhis claim 2 Why ? => fer. AS No. OF prof. who ploy knpye lal 66 + Bt No. Of prof who play bridge I6} = 50 c_¢t No of no cash 7 ro lel See eate bee o—— Ne knew thal, —javevel= Init lt iso = go + 50+ 70~ BO- 36 -HOt ANE) b —— : oh pAnsncl= 100792 sot =e \ Jiaosocl = 10 1 a tf 14 student did not get grade ‘A‘!O Cither exams: i “iq both » ) = te d= ef, profresers- jog and plays Hovis 3 and bridge: 4 t mr ; 2 Thus, our claim: “is: sore os a > O__‘Among 50 student in a class +) 28 got an ‘A’ >: in Ash @xam., 91 got an 'A' io and exams S. A a : \ How mi 5 d ‘A oe any. students jet qtade s3ys eG ee 16: NE2) 38 2 2h +21> JENEs} Jenne.) = 47-34 Je n€s} =1H_f GB “Ta'_o computty lob , out Of) 6 compuber i) 2 heve floating pb -arithemahe unit ii) 5 have magnetic lish memory iii) g have graphic clisplay : fv) 2 have béth floating pt arith. unit amd mag: el rats memory. . ¥) 3 hove both magnetic: diskamemoty and graphye disploy svi) I have both Floating ; ji aiiploy cpt arith. wait and grep hic vii) Uhave Floahi 5 owe _Flealing pt ariinvunit mag. disk meron, and graphic display How many have at least ne Specification,guanine tet A ded 5 6 disk memory a= = oe ; — _ © C2 No OF graphic play lel = 2 « Janel =2 + [Boncl> > Jancl=t + Iansgncl=) By _ inclusion - exciwion theorem , etl =yancl + [Ange Jal+ Jol tiel= Jang le po Tavgucl= —1-F) = a+5 +3-273 =s5 [raves = 5 | pecification g2 2B compultrs having at lewt one Sdivisible by ali 190 = FOO ye 3 Ao divisible by 5 _ ‘J tee }—z ase fiicrzsa (Eas) > 1 Dt No. divisible by 7 lolz |yooo | avtyg sit eat eae lal !anB l= |io0o | ~ 166 S 2x3 2 [Bae) = “Tooo+ | a J | Anenchs] = eo fe 4 > axaxsx7 3 , y Thuspeud[ = 1a) #1e) + lel+ lo} — lana l= Tenel—1e09) 5 = janci— 1eod|—laoe) + jposocl + ; ve [Ane Nol st panpoo) + enc No) — , _ ranencno) : prec er ea) : _ 2 = poe 883 + 200% yun —166 — 66 ~28 ~ 100 = 7 Tira tly 42a t9 4 [avBucUd) = 772jak 9 22 SS sand 'T'}I2 has ! 5 pad 'C' only ae To er _—— t 7 . . wt - us ; ‘ 7) Hew _meny, Fed nol fase 047 or prree ATO Ti) Hom many — faice mith pul not coffee 2 ~~ "but not. milk? . feo. and coffee Ti) ew - many Jake | => X2/00 tbo ahadenf a 7 Olij Se SF aT ET so a) m-¢c) ee Van x lets = a7. a ees, “iy poof stadent dake | tea i Bri = Crne) =r an = 80-lo Qo _ = a Among 130 students , 60 shudy maths , 5! study Phyo and $0 skidy both maths! and’ physi Out oF 54 studenh studying chemistry .:26-study mathemalic , | a1 study physic) and 12 study beth mathi and phy. | AN the Student stuclying. neither meths ner prysics are studying. biologye bets Rind, ny ave studying brology ? 7) Hew many 4 ee Seaeaeanlying ii) pow many aot stu ying maths buk nok’ physio 2 ji?) How many student’ ave studying physicy now chemishy 2 neither Makhy 995 feb vis . Ix] = 130 Mt stud. studying | rath oO CAM = 60 $= 130 -81 tmvPl=lel= 4&4 Non oF ohudenly studying biology ave 4d. | [eepee ae a ides sh studeoh ~ ner chem is, OE Lmupue | txt = Tmupue | ——— TAGS + lene) — = 180 = 60 “S| Sut a0 = 30 = = : — ity) ao students are ‘there soho gird neither maths nor phy 07 che miury + i i jolegy + i) hg studenh studying Ipiology - a 1, stuclents gludenb* sotadyio 4 maths are et stuclying chem and’ ‘phy: J Fw found Mal in st_yeon of CS oF gO _stidenb _, 50 know cohol. 55 know "© nt hn a nal eal know 'C Th way abo know that 37 ae cad 25 know cobol + pajeal 528 know CaM pangeoge . 7 students knot no of _ the > ea eee eee _a ~ Ss Knee janguajye f 4 (aL ee a ee a ; : = y B= No of shud know te). 7 1eps 5S Pe tte * C= No of stad know pascal - Jel = 46 1A0B)*=379 lencl= 2g lavevc |= 7 Ix] ~ Tnupuc [= 4 80 ~ |aupocl = 7 ast ae ey SsLnnene] iy) No. oF students Knows exactly foo languaye = lAdane] + [Aneac|] +TAnenc] = 2 54 ii) nto. of stuclent knows ore language.tard — “mango , le and Pew many 2 __How many ‘apple » NI Tike menage Jrape > sladenty woere sladenH student ah ke cre Sunvey, oF ihe nearly —emey.._ oF cand What 92 Vike —2F wot found a manyo , > aq like 97PE > 9 Whe cusp cy 3 Pe, and grape 5 20 like ' avours- and 4 qj lt G Whe all Plevours: « Whe aed surveyed 2 line CxacNy O00 flavour p— ~exacly | two Povo > > ImocOG@)= € _ How meny ms Student manjo eee ream Ins os Cs students dike cwturd apple ioeam le Gt Students like grape jee-cream Il [nine = q a is imiet = 19 \el= 34 AGI = 20 Ie ai — |cl= 25 : here, PPP PPM Yuu oboe og if Tota) Sfudents weTe survey are, 2 HDS Imveverls [mls lelelape Imocl= lengli = Imucvels IMutue] —@®- =—=s_ eimncne| > 22+ 25-439 —G— 20 =1TEE JY = 46Ix[ = 46tY = 50 Tove no. oF Students were suryyed are 50. student Who like exachy one flavour Or+02+8 = 12 te by Venn diagram . lalaia/als © a a ges ple: oF Gruden whe likey 42° Favour =e WtBtls 528 ie By ven? diagram -Rieqers lle 02 = pe 3 uisible by 3 e397 gree, Fe Total integers: _500 No BS No divisible by § Ig] ¢ [500 | = too cael cs ao. clivisible by I i : rel = $00 | = AS lanat = | 500 | = 33 1s | fanct =, |]s00 |] _ oe \33 lence) = 49 Ipnonc| = 3 The sek of 4] _intajer tha ore divisibie by i 3 or 5 OT tf > MRepuc)