❑ Review -

⮚Environmental Issues –
⮚Green House Effect
⮚climate change
⮚Acid Rain
❑ Topic Covered -

Environmental Issue -
⮚Ozone Layer Depletion
⮚Nuclear Accidents
⮚ Concept of 4R ( Reduce , Reuse ,
Recycle , Recover)
⮚ Public Awareness about
Environment.
❑Ozone layer Depletion -
Introduction –
⮚Ozone (O3) is a bluish gas compose of three
oxygen atoms.
⮚Nearly 90 % of earth’s ozone is in the
stratosphere at a height between 15 to 30
kms from the sea level which is called as
Ozonosphere.
⮚Ozone (O3) is a gas which has capacity to absorb
harmful UV Radiations & protect the biosphere on land
surface & in water bodies.
⮚This ozone layer is getting depleted due to emission of
gases through cooling industries which is called as
ozone layer depletion.
 ❑Causes of Ozone layer Depletion -
• The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is
manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured
halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-
blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs,
halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
❑ Process of Ozone
layer Depletion -
⮚Chlorine atoms release by the
dissociation of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are
mainly responsible for ozone
layer depletion.
⮚Release of CFC is due to following
activity
✔Refrigeration
✔Air conditioning
✔Extinguishing fires
✔Cleaning solvent in industries.
✔Solvent used in paint industries
✔Blowing agent in plastic industries
⮚Other gases responsible for ozone layer
depletion are Carbon tetra chloride
(CTC),Halon & methyl Bromide
❑ Effect of Ozone Depletion -
⮚ It damage the plant
⮚ It causes various types of cancer like skin ,
lungs , blood cancer
⮚ It affects natural environment like climate
change.
❑ Measures to control
ozone layer depletion -
• By minimizing the use of freons
& halons
• My making the use of eco-
friendly chemicals
• By regulatory ban on the use of
refrigeration & air conditioners.
 A nuclear accident
or nuclear incident,
depending on the severity,
is known toinadvertent
releases of radioactive
materials,
accidental or radioactivit y
levels likely to
harm public health.
 ❑ Nuclear Accident -
⮚Fukushima Daiichi. Fukushima Daiichi.
⮚Chernobyl. Chernobyl.
⮚Three Mile Island. Three Mile Island.
❑Nuclear Accident -
❑ Effects of nuclear accidents -
⮚It causes illness , leukopenia ,
fatigue , weakness , nausea ,
dizziness.
⮚It affects on agriculture,
farming and livestock
⮚It decreases the fertility of soil.
⮚It destroy the aquatic life .
 ❑ Review -

Environmental Issues –
⮚Ozone layer depletion
⮚Nuclear Accident
❑ Topic Covered -
⮚Concept of 4R ( Reduce , Reuse ,
Recycle , Recover)
⮚Public Awareness about Environment.
 ❑ Concept of 4 R’s
A number of waste prevention techniques are
available, and they are commonly
summarized as the so-called 4Rs: reduction,
reuse, recycling and recovery.
⮚Reduce –
⮚By reducing or avoiding making of
garbage we can prevent waste i.g.
we need not worry about disposing
the waste or recycling it later.
⮚By changing the habbits
of shopping
⮚By designing
manufacturing
purchasing, using
material in such a way
that generate less waste
⮚simply by using natural
resources we can reduce
waste
⮚Reuse:
⮚It is the action or practice of
using an item, whether for
its original purpose
(conventional reuse) or to
fulfill a different function
( repurposing).
⮚Example: paper board Lead from car batteries
Gold from computer component
⮚It should be distinguished from recycling,
which is the breaking down of used items to
make raw materials for the manufacture of
new products.
⮚Reuse – by taking, but not reprocessing,
previously used items –helps save time,
money, energy and resources.
⮚Recycle –
it is the process of
converting waste
materials into new materials
and objects.
 Examples -
Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass,
paper, cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles ,
batteries, and electronics
❑ Recover -
Recover is to convert waste in to
resources ( such as heat , electricity ,
compost , Fuel) through thermal &
biological means.
It ,means turning waste in to a fuel for
manufacturing processes after removing
all the individual components that may
be used again.
RECOVER is to convert waste
into resources (such as
electricity, heat, compost and
fuel) through thermal and
biological means.
Resource Recovery occurs after
reduce, reuse and recycle have
been attempted.
❑ Public Awareness About
Environment
⮚Need of public Awareness-
✔Increasing population,
Urbanization and poverty have
generated pressure on the natural
resources and lead to a degradation
of the environment.
✔Environmental pollution cannot
prevented by laws
alone. Public participation is
equally important with regard
to environmental protection
✔Since our environment is getting
degraded due to human activities,
we need to do something about it
to sustain the quality. We often feel
that government should take
proper measuring steps. But all of
us are equally responsible to
protect our environment.
Hence public awareness needs to
be created.
❑ Methods Of Creating Awareness
✔In our country mass media like
newspaper ,Radio & Television have a
very high influence over general public.
✔The public movement like sardar
sarovar or silent valley point ( near
palghat in south ) , chipko andolan in
uttarakhand headed by sundarlal
bahuguna.
✔practicing 3 R’s i.e. reduce, reuse, &
recycle
✔The state & central government
should create awareness among
people
✔Together with government
activities the non government
bodies like NGO’S can take up
this issues & protect Environment.
✔Take part in events organized on
World Environment Day, Wildlife
week etc.