PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Cesa, Mark Laurence H., Cruz, Lorcie S., Gallardo, April Joy M., Jacildo, Jhenn Shienell A., Lunas,
Jannah Ruby C., Perey, Karl Anthony S., Rabara, John Christlier V., Sy, Alexandra Shane S.

JOURNAL INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: As a city develops, it inevitably attracts more people, resulting in an
Transportation increase in trips to the area. This increased traffic flow can lead to
Traffic Impact Assessment changes in traffic patterns, which sometimes result in congestion. The
New Cavite Provincial Capitol Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) conducted for the New Cavite
Development Guidelines Government Center in Trece Martires, Cavite, evaluates the
Project Traffic Analysis development's impact on local traffic. It aims to assess current conditions,
predict future traffic increases, and propose solutions to manage
congestion. Using a four-step method—Trip Generation, Trip Distribution,
Mode Selection, and Traffic Assignment—the study found higher peak
hour traffic from Naic to Trece Martires and a decrease in motor tricycles
and motorcycles, with stable car usage. The analysis concludes that
traffic will remain light and manageable (LOS B) even with future
increases, ensuring the development's impact is well-managed. It is
concluded that the traffic conditions are expected to remain stable at
manageable (LOS B) even with the future increase, and the
recommended measures provided will help in maintaining efficient and
safe transportation in the area.

1. Introduction b. To determine the expected increase in vehicle

traffic both during and after the development
Traffic impact assessment (TIA) is a powerful tool in the area.
for engineers and planners to determine the c. To determine the potential traffic impact along
possible effects of a project on the transportation the road network around the area.
and traffic system. (Regidor, Teodoro, 2005) It d. If applicable, propose possible solutions to the
evaluates how new developments will affect traffic, increase in the number of vehicles in the area.
predicts future impacts, and proposes solutions to e. Recommend necessary traffic impact
manage congestion and ensure safety. By assessing reduction measures.
current traffic conditions, projecting future increases,
and analyzing infrastructure capacity, TIAs guide the 3. Methodology
planning of road improvements and traffic
management strategies. They promote sustainable This chapter outlines the methods implemented
development by integrating efficient land use and to investigate the possible future traffic impact of
transportation planning, supported by advanced the New Cavite Government Center building at
technologies like big data analytics and simulation Trece Martires, Cavite. This section explicitly outlines
models. Overall, TIAs ensure that cities grow the methodological framework derived from the
sustainably while maintaining efficient and safe traditional four-step transportation modeling system
transportation networks. (Trip Generation, Trip Distribution, Modal Split, and
Traffic Assignment).
2. Objectives The methodology encompasses the following
sequential stages:
The purpose of this Traffic Impact Assessment is 1. Trip generation. This stage calculates the
to assess the potential impact of the proposed number of trips that originate or end in a
development on the existing and future transportation specific location by forecasting the travel
network within the study area; This can be quantified demand generated by various land uses.
based on the following objectives: 2. Trip distribution. Trip distribution creates travel
a. To evaluate the current traffic conditions of the patterns between different zones in the
roads around the area research region by connecting trip origins and
destinations with a thorough summary of the
Transportation Engineering 00 June 2024

number of trips made from each origin zone to 4.3 Traffic Volume Data Collection
each destination zone.
The data shows traffic volumes during morning
3. Mode selection analysis. This stage involves
(6 AM to 9 AM) and evening (4 PM to 7 PM) peak hours
estimating the proportion of travelers who use
at the New Cavite Provincial Capitol in Trece Martires,
various means of transportation. Mode choice
Cavite. The study analyzes vehicle types and traffic flow
analysis help to understand and predict how
directions: from Trece Martires to Naic and from Naic to
travel demand is divided across various forms
Trece Martires.
of transportation.
4. Traffic assignment. This stage defines the routes
that travelers will use to get to their
destinations.

4. Results and Discussions

In this section, the necessary data and

information needed for the assessment of potential
impact of the proposed development on the
existing and future transportation network within the
study area were presented. Fig. 2. AM Peak Traffic Volume Analysis
During the morning peak hours, there is a
4.1 General Information higher total traffic volume on the Naic-Trece route with
The Construction of Cavite Government Center 4,446 vehicles, compared to 3,897 vehicles on the
(OPG) - Phase 1, specifically the Capitol Building, led Trece-Naic route. This suggests increased travel
by Engr. Jun Alvinn Castro as the project manager, is demand from Naic to Trece, possibly driven by
located in Brgy. San Agustin, Trece Martires City, commuters heading to work and engaging in
Cavite. The project team includes the Provincial commercial activities.
Engineering Office - Cavite overseeing
management, with Devex Incorporated as the
contractor. Design responsibilities are shared
between Palafox and the Provincial Engineering
Office - Cavite. The project, with a gross floor area
of 49,390.08 sq.m., commenced construction on
February 4, 2021, with an estimated budget of
₱914,541,470.65.

4.2 Site Location

The proposed Cavite Government Center Fig. 3. PM Peak Traffic Volume Analysis
building access is primarily through Juanito R. During the PM peak hours, the Naic-Trece route
Remulla, Sr. Road (formerly Governor’s Drive), a records a higher total traffic volume of 4,489 vehicles
two-way road with two lanes each, linking National compared to 4,053 vehicles on the Trece-Naic route.
Route 65, National Route 651, National Route 403, This highlights a greater demand for travel towards
and National Route 405 within the Philippine Trece Martires from Naic, indicating significant
highway network. The area around the project site commuter traffic in that direction.
has limited establishments. The construction of the
4.4 Trip Generation Result
Cavite Government Center will primarily impact
streets and facilities within a 300-meter radius of The table below shows the trip generation data
Barangay Cabuco, Trece Martires City, Cavite. for Cavite Government Center during the peak hours in
the Trece-Naic and Naic-Trece lanes.

Fig. 4. Trip Generation Table

Fig. 1. Aerial view of the New Cavite Provincial Capitol

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4.5 Trip Distribution Result 4.7 Traffic Assignment

The trip distribution analysis reveals distinct Traffic assignment is a fundamental aspect of
traffic patterns between TAZ 1 and TAZ 2 during peak the Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) process, particularly
hours. During the morning peak from 7:00 AM to 9:00 crucial for managing the influx of trips generated by the
AM, TAZ 2 receives 75 trips, compared to 67 trips new Capitol Building across the local road network. This
directed towards TAZ 1, indicating a higher volume of systematic approach not only predicts the paths
traffic towards TAZ 2 during this period. Similarly, during vehicles will take but also assesses how these new
the PM peak hours from 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM, TAZ 2 traffic flows will impact existing infrastructure. By
continues to experience a higher volume of trips with 77 evaluating the distribution of vehicles during peak
trips, while TAZ 1 accommodates 71 trips. These findings hours, such as from 7 AM to 8 AM and 5 PM to 6 PM, the
underscore consistent trends where TAZ 2 consistently analysis reveals significant data: TAZ 1 currently
handles more trips than TAZ 1 during both morning and manages 3032 vehicles and TAZ 2 handles 2607 vehicles
afternoon peak periods. during the morning peak, with projections indicating
these numbers will adjust to 134.5 vehicles for TAZ 1 and
This variability in trip distribution is essential for 151 vehicles for TAZ 2 in the future.
transportation planners to consider when optimizing
infrastructure and managing traffic flow. By During the evening peak, TAZ 1 handles 3071.5
understanding these patterns, planners can vehicles and TAZ 2 2746 vehicles presently, with future
strategically allocate resources, identify congestion estimates showing a change to 143 vehicles for TAZ 1
hotspots, and implement effective solutions to enhance and 154.5 vehicles for TAZ 2. These projections,
mobility and reduce travel time for commuters traveling calculated using the Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Factor,
between these traffic analysis zones. Such insights are highlight how total vehicle counts effectively double
crucial for improving overall commuter experiences when converted, underscoring the importance of this
and ensuring efficient transportation network metric in understanding traffic dynamics. This
operations. comprehensive analysis not only aids in predicting
congestion hotspots but also provides valuable insights
4.6 Mode Choice for infrastructure planning and enhancement strategies
The mode choice analysis for peak hours necessary to accommodate future developments
between Naic and Trece Martires reveals significant around the Capitol Building.
trends in vehicle distribution and forecasted changes.
During the AM peak hour from 7 AM to 8 AM, current 4.7.2 Volume-to-Capacity and Level of Service
data shows TAZ 1 accommodating 518 motor tricycles, Calculated VCR and LOS Data
502 motorcycles, and 293 passenger cars, while TAZ 2
handles 23 motor tricycles, 22 motorcycles, and 13 The VCR and LOS analysis near the New
passenger cars. Looking ahead, projections indicate Capitol Building in Cavite during peak hours 7 am to 8
substantial reductions in motor tricycles and am indicates current eastbound VCR of 0.3755 and
motorcycles, with TAZ 1 expected to decrease to 58 westbound VCR of 0.32325, both resulting in LOS B,
motor tricycles, 55 motorcycles, and 15 passenger cars, indicating light traffic. Future projections suggest slight
and TAZ 2 to 65 motor tricycles, 63 motorcycles, and 15 increases to 0.3894 eastbound and 0.3352 westbound,
passenger cars. Throughout these changes, passenger maintaining LOS B. With development, current VCRs are
car numbers are anticipated to remain stable. expected to be 0.4091 eastbound and 0.3610
westbound, with future projections at 0.4230 eastbound
Similarly, during the PM peak hour from 5 PM to and 0.3730 westbound, all continuing to show LOS B.
6 PM, TAZ 1 currently manages 536 motor tricycles, 501
motorcycles, and 305 passenger cars, while TAZ 2 During the 5 PM to 6 PM peak hour, current
handles 25 motor tricycles, 23 motorcycles, and 14 eastbound VCR is 0.379 and westbound VCR is 0.3455,
passenger cars. Future forecasts indicate a decline in both reflecting LOS B. Future projections show increases
motor tricycles and motorcycles, with TAZ 1 projected to 0.3930 eastbound and 0.3583 westbound,
to decrease to 63 motor tricycles, 58 motorcycles, and maintaining LOS B. With development, current VCRs are
14 passenger cars, and TAZ 2 to 68 motor tricycles, 63 projected at 0.4148 eastbound and 0.3841 westbound,
motorcycles, and 15 passenger cars. This analysis with future projections of 0.4288 eastbound and 0.3969
highlights consistent trends of decreasing motor westbound, all continuing to show LOS B.
tricycles and motorcycles during peak hours,
emphasizing the stability or slight increase in passenger Overall, the VCR and LOS analysis reveals that
car usage. These insights are critical for transportation traffic conditions around the New Capitol Building in
planners in devising strategies to manage traffic Cavite will remain stable with a light traffic rating (LOS
effectively and optimize vehicle distribution around the B), even with future traffic increases and planned
New Cavite Provincial Capitol. developments.
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5. Conclusion

The Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) for the New

Cavite Government Center in Trece Martires City
provides a thorough evaluation of its potential effects
on the local transportation network. The current traffic
conditions on Juanito Remulla, Sr. Road indicates a light
congestion level (LOS B) during its peak hours. It is
expected that the future traffic projections are stable
and at manageable growth rate, as the LOS indicates
the continued light traffic. This only indicates that the
current infrastructure can handle the expected
increase in vehicles effectively.
The analysis also highlights the significant
commuter traffic from Naic to Trece Martires,
emphasizing the importance of implementing specific
traffic management strategies, particularly for Traffic
Analysis Zone (TAZ) 2. Additionally, there is a shift
towards the increased passenger car usage which
shows the necessity for infrastructure enhancements to
support these trends.
Overall, the TIA for the New Cavite
Government Center will not adversely affect the local
transportation network. However, it is recommended to
implement targeted traffic management measures,
enhanced infrastructure capacity, and promoting
sustainable transportation options to sustainably
manage future traffic demands. These actions will
ensure Trece Martires City can achieve its development
objectives while maintaining efficient and safe
transportation for commuters.

6. References

Regidor, J. and R. Teodoro. 2005. Traffic Impact

Assessment for Sustainable Traffic Management
and Transportation Planning in Urban Areas.

Scribd. (n.d.). TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SINOCAN

OFFICE BUILDING Aseana Business Park,
Paranaque City. Scribd.
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ey=key-fFexxf7r1bzEfWu3HKwf