2) What are the types of files in computer? Discuss each of them briefly.

 Here’s a brief explana on of each file type along with its categoriza on:

1. System Files

 Opera ng System Files (.sys, .dll, .exe) – Essen al files required for the OS to func on.

 Configura on Files (.ini, .cfg, .plist) – Store system and applica on se ngs.

 Driver Files (.sys, .inf) – Help hardware components communicate with the OS.

2. Program Files

 Executable Files (.exe, .bat, .sh) – Run so ware programs or scripts.

 Library Files (.dll, .so) – Contain reusable code for mul ple applica ons.

3. Document Files

 Text Files (.txt, .log) – Simple files containing unforma ed text.

 Word Processing Files (.docx, .odt, .pdf) – Used for wri ng and forma ng documents.

 Spreadsheet Files (.xlsx, .csv) – Store tabular data and numerical calcula ons.

 Presenta on Files (.pptx, .odp) – Contain slides for presenta ons.

4. Mul media Files

 Image Files (.jpg, .png, .gif, .svg) – Store digital images and graphics.

 Audio Files (.mp3, .wav, .flac) – Contain sound and music recordings.

 Video Files (.mp4, .avi, .mov) – Store moving visual content with or without sound.

5. Compressed Files

 Archive Files (.zip, .rar, .7z) – Contain compressed data for easy storage and transfer.

 Disk Image Files (.iso, .img) – Exact copies of disks or drives for installa on or backup.

6. Database Files

 Structured Data Files (.db, .sqlite, .mdb) – Store organized data for applica ons.

 Markup Language Files (.xml, .json, .yaml) – Format and store structured informa on.

7. Web Files

 HTML Files (.html, .htm) – Define the structure of web pages.

 CSS Files (.css) – Contain styles for web page design.

 JavaScript Files (.js) – Add interac ve elements to websites.

8. Programming Files

 Source Code Files (.py, .java, .cpp, .js) – Contain wri en code for programs.

 Script Files (.sh, .bat, .ps1) – Automate tasks and execute commands.

9. Virtual Machine & System Image Files

 VM Disk Files (.vmdk, .vdi) – Act as virtual hard disks for virtual machines.

 Backup Files (.bak, .tar) – Store copies of important data for recovery.
3) What is mail-merge? Explain the steps to mail-merge two documents using MS-Word?

 Mail Merge

Mail Merge is a feature in word processing so ware (like Microso Word) that allows users to create personalized
documents, such as le ers, emails, labels, or envelopes, by combining a standard template with a data source (like an
Excel spreadsheet or a database).

How Mail Merge Works:

1. Create a Template – A document with placeholders (like "Dear [Name]").

2. Prepare a Data Source – A list of names, addresses, or other personalized details in an Excel file, CSV, or
database.

3. Merge the Data – The so ware fills in placeholders with corresponding values from the data source.

4. Generate Personalized Documents – Produces mul ple customized versions of the document for each
recipient.

Common Uses:

 Sending personalized le ers to mul ple recipients.

 Genera ng bulk emails with customized names and details.

 Crea ng labels, envelopes, and name badges for events.

Steps to Mail Merge Two Documents in MS Word

Mail Merge in MS Word helps in genera ng mul ple personalized documents by merging a main document with a
data source. Follow these steps:

Step 1: Open MS Word and Start Mail Merge

1. Open Microso Word.

2. Click on the Mailings tab in the Ribbon.

3. Select Start Mail Merge → Choose the type of document (Le ers, Envelopes, Labels, or Emails).

Step 2: Select a Data Source (Second Document)

1. Click Select Recipients → Use an Exis ng List.

2. Locate the second document (Excel, Word Table, or CSV file) containing recipient details.

3. If using an Excel file, select the correct sheet and click OK.

Step 3: Insert Merge Fields

1. Place the cursor where you want to insert personalized data (e.g., Name, Address).

2. Click Insert Merge Field → Choose the fields like First Name, Last Name, or Address.

3. Format the document as needed.

Step 4: Preview Merged Data

1. Click Preview Results in the Mailings tab.

2. Use the naviga on arrows to check different records.

Step 5: Complete the Merge and Save

 1. Click Finish & Merge → Edit Individual Documents (to make changes) or Print Documents (for direct
prin ng).

2. If saving as a new document, select Save As and choose a format (Word, PDF, etc.).

5) Marksheet of ins tute are given below:

Calculate the total, average, maximum and minimum marks and allot grades to each student.

Roll_No. SubI SubII SubIII Total Average Max Min Grade

1 95 90 96
2 70 75 78
3 80 87 83
4 65 60 67
5 25 35 21

 Here’s the spreadsheet table using formulas.

Roll_No. SubI SubII SubIII Total Average Max Min Grade

1 95 90 96 281 93.67 96 90 A
2 70 75 78 223 74.33 78 70 C
3 80 87 83 250 83.33 87 80 B
4 65 60 67 192 64.00 67 60 D
5 25 35 21 81 27.00 35 21 D

Total calcula on: In cell E2, we apply =SUM(B2:D2) and drag down the column.

Average calcula on: In cell F2, we apply =AVERAGE(B2:D2) and drag down the column.

Maximum calcula on: In cell G2, we apply =MAX(B2:D2) and drag down the column.

Minimum calcula on: In cell H2, we apply =MIN(B2:D2) and drag down the column.

Grade allotment: In cell I2, we apply =IF(E2>300*90%,"A",IF(E2>300*80%,"B",IF(E2>=300*70%,"C","D")))

and drag down the column. We have assigned A grade for above 90% in total, B grade for above 80% in total,
C grade for above and equal to 70% in total and rest D grade.

7) What is MS PowerPoint? Write the necessary steps to create a PowerPoint presenta on. How to add a different
design for just one slide?

 Microso PowerPoint (MS PowerPoint) is a popular presenta on so ware developed by Microso . It allows users
to create, design, and present slideshows containing text, images, charts, anima ons, videos, and more.

Steps to Create a PowerPoint Presenta on in MS PowerPoint

Step 1: Open MS PowerPoint

1. Click Start → Search for Microso PowerPoint and open it.

2. Select Blank Presenta on or choose a Template.

Step 2: Add and Format Slides

1. Click New Slide under the Home tab to add slides.

2. Choose different slide layouts (Title Slide, Content Slide, etc.).

 3. Enter text in the tle and content placeholders.

Step 3: Insert Content (Text, Images, and Media)

1. Use the Insert tab to add:

o Text boxes for custom content.

o Pictures from your computer or online sources.

o Charts, Tables, and SmartArt to visualize data.

o Audio or Video to enhance your presenta on.

Step 4: Apply Themes and Designs

1. Click on the Design tab to select a Theme.

2. Use Variants to adjust colors, fonts, and styles.

Step 5: Add Transi ons and Anima ons

1. Click on the Transi ons tab to apply slide transi ons.

2. Use the Anima ons tab to add effects to text and images.

3. Click Preview to see how anima ons look.

Step 6: Review and Finalize

1. Click Slide Show → From Beginning to preview the presenta on.

2. Check spelling and grammar using Review → Spelling & Grammar.

3. Arrange slides in order by dragging them in the Slide Sorter view.

Step 7: Save and Present

1. Click File → Save As, and choose a loca on and file format (.pptx or .pdf).

2. Click Slide Show → From Beginning to start the presenta on.

3. Use the F5 key to present or Shi + F5 to start from the current slide.

How to Apply a Different Design to Just One Slide in MS PowerPoint

Step 1: Open Your PowerPoint Presenta on

1. Open Microso PowerPoint and open your exis ng presenta on or create a new one.

Step 2: Select the Slide

1. In the Slide Naviga on Pane (le side of the screen), click on the slide you want to change.

Step 3: Apply a Different Design

1. Click on the Design tab in the Ribbon.

2. Right-click on the desired theme or design.

3. Select Apply to Selected Slides instead of "Apply to All Slides."

Step 4: Customize the Slide (Op onal)

  If needed, go to the Format Background op on (under the Design tab) to further customize colors, pa erns,
or images for just that slide.

Now, only the selected slide has a different design while the rest remain unchanged.

9) What are different Data types in MS-Access? Explain briefly.

 Different Data Types in MS Access

Microso Access provides various data types to store different types of values in a database. Below are the
commonly used data types in MS Access:

1. Short Text

 Stores alphanumeric characters (le ers, numbers, symbols).

 Maximum length: 255 characters.

 Example: "John Doe", "A123", "New York".

2. Long Text (Memo)

 Stores large text up to 65,536 characters.

 Used for detailed descrip ons, notes, or long comments.

 Example: "This is a detailed product descrip on...".

3. Number

 Stores numeric values used for calcula ons.

 Different sizes: Byte, Integer, Long Integer, Single, Double, Decimal.

 Example: 100, 45.6, -1234.

4. Date/Time

 Stores dates and mes in various formats.

 Example: 01/01/2024, March 7, 2025, 10:30 AM.

5. Currency

 Stores monetary values with four decimal places.

 Prevents rounding errors in calcula ons.

 Example: $99.99, ₹1200.50.

6. AutoNumber

 Automa cally generates unique numbers for each record.

 Used as a Primary Key.

 Example: 1, 2, 3, ... (increments automa cally).

7. Yes/No (Boolean)

 Stores True/False, Yes/No, or On/Off values.

 Example: Yes, No, True, False.

8. OLE Object
  Stores files like images, PDFs, videos, or other documents.

 Example: An embedded company logo.

9. Hyperlink

 Stores URLs, email addresses, or file links.

 Example: "h ps://www.microso .com", "mailto:[email protected]".

10. A achment

 Allows storing mul ple files in a single record (images, documents).

 Example: Adding a resume file in a database.

11. Calculated Field

 Performs calcula ons using values from other fields.

 Example: TotalPrice = Quan ty * PricePerItem.

12. Lookup Wizard

 Creates a drop-down list to select values from another table or list.

 Example: Selec ng a country name from a predefined list.

Summary Table

Data Type Used For Example

Short Text Names, IDs "John Doe"

Long Text Large text, notes "This is a long descrip on..."

Number Numeric values 12345, 56.78

Date/Time Dates and mes 07-Mar-2025

Currency Money values $199.99

AutoNumber Unique record ID 1, 2, 3, ...

Yes/No Boolean values Yes, No

OLE Object Images, PDFs Company Logo

Hyperlink URLs, Emails "www.example.com"

A achment Mul ple files Resume.pdf

Calculated Auto calcula ons Total = Price * Quan ty

Lookup Wizard Drop-down list Country List