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Practice Set - Classical Mechanics

JEST Previous Year Question
(2012 To 2020)

S.NO Topic Number of Question

1. Generalised Co-ordinate 2
2. Lagrangian Formulation 9
3. Hamiltonian Formulation 2
4. Poission Bracket 1
5. Canonical Transformation 4
6. Generating Function 1
7. Phase Space 1
8. Stability Analysis 3
9. Small Oscillation 9
10. Central Force 13
11. Rigid Body 4
12. Special Theory of Relativity 11
13. Newton’s Law One Dimensional 4
14. Newton’s Law Two Dimensional 1
15. Conservation of Momentum 2
16. Conservation of Energy 4
17. Fluid Mechanics 1
18. Pseduo Force 1
19. Rotational Dynamics 2
Total Number of Questions 75

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

1. Generalised Co-ordinate
Q1. The coordinate transformation x  0.8 x  0.6 y, y  0.6 x  0.8 y represents
(a) a translation (b) a proper rotation
(c) a reflection (d) none of the above
JEST-2013
Q2. A block of mass M is moving on a frictionless inclined surface of a wedge of mass m
under the influence of gravity. The wedge is lying on a rigid frictionless horizontal
surface. The configuration can be described using the radius
 
vectors r1 and r2 shown in the figure. How many constraints
are present and what are the types? 
r1 
r2
(a) One constraint; holonomic and scleronomous
(b) Two constraints; Both are holonomic; one is scleronomous and rheonomous
(c) Two constraints; Both are scleronomous; one is holonomic and other is non-
holonomic.
(d) Two constraints; Both are holonomic and scleronomous
JEST-2018
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1. Generalised Co-ordinate (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
Ans. 2: (d)
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2. Lagrangian Formulation
Q1. A double pendulum consists of two equal masses m suspended by two strings of length l .
What is the Lagrangian of this system for oscillations in a plane? Assume the angles
1 ,  2 made by the two strings are small (you can use cos   1   2 / 2 ).

Note:  0  g / l .

 1 1 
(a) L  ml 2 12  22   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(b) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
 1 1 
(c) L  ml 2 12  22  12   0212   02 22 
 2 2 
1 1 
(d) L  ml 2  12  22  12   0212   02 22 
2 2 
JEST-2014
Q2. A bike stuntman rides inside a well of frictionless surface given by z  ax 2  y 2  , under

the action of gravity acting in the negative z direction. g   gzˆ . What speed should be
maintain to be able to ride at a constant height z 0 without falling down?

(a) gz 0

(b) 3gz 0

(c) 2 gz 0

(d) The biker will not be able to maintain a constant height, irrespective of speed.
JEST-2015
Q3. The Lagrangian of a particle is given by L  q  qq . Which of the following statements
2

is true?
(a) This is a free particle
(b) The particle is experiencing velocity dependent damping
(c) The particle is executing simple harmonic motion
(d) The particle is under constant acceleration.
JEST-2015

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Q4. A hoop of radius a rotates with constant angular velocity  about the vertical axis as
shown in the figure. A bead of mass m can slide on the hoop without friction. If g   2 a
at what angle  apart from 0 and  is the bead stationary (i.e.,
d d 2
 2  0 )?
dt dt
a
g g
(a) tan   2 (b) sin  
 a  2a

g g
(c) cos   (d) tan  
 2a  2 a
JEST-2016
Q5. A bead of mass M slides along a parabolic wire described by z  2  x 2  y 2  . The wire

rotates with angular velocity  about the z - axis. At what value of  does the bead
maintain a constant nonzero height under the action of gravity along  ẑ ?
(a) 3g (b) g (c) 2g (d) 4g

JEST-2017
Q6. A possible Lagrangian for a free particle is
1
(a) L  q 2  q 2 (b) L  q 2  qq (c) L  q 2  q (d) L  q 2 
q
JEST-2017
Q7. Consider the Lagrangian
q2
L  1  1  q 2 
2
of a particle executing oscillations whose amplitude is A . If p denotes the momentum of

the particle, then 4 p 2 is

 
(a) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(b) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
 
(c) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(d) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
JEST-2018

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Q8. Consider the motion of a particle in two dimensions given by the Lagrangian

L
2

m 2
x  y 2    x  y 
4
2

where   0 . The initial conditions are given as y  0   0, x  0   42 meters,

x  0   y  0   0 . What is the value of x  t   y  t  at t  25 seconds in meters?

JEST-2019
Q9. A particle is to slide along the horizontal circular path on the inner surface of the funnel
as shown in the figure. The surface of the funnel is frictionless. 
What must be the speed of the particle (in terms of r and  ) if it
is to execute this motion? r

(a) rg sin 

(b) rg cos 

(c) rg tan 

(d) rg cot 

JEST-2020
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2. Lagrangian Formulation (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: x1  l sin 1 , y1  l cos 1
1 l
x2  x1  l sin  2 y2  y1  l cos  2

x2  l sin 1  l sin  2 , y2  l cos 1  l cos  2

x2  l cos 11  l cos  22 , y 2  l sin 11  l sin  22 2 l

x 22  y 22  l 2 cos 2 112  l 2 cos 2  222  2l 2 cos 11 cos  22  l 2 sin 1212 m
 l 2 sin  2222  2l 2 sin 1 sin  212

 x22  y 22  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12 also x12  y12  l 212

L  T V 
1
2
 
m x12  y12  x 22  y 22  mgy1  mgy 2

L
1
2
 
m l 212  l 212  l 222  2l 2 cos 1   2  12  2mgl cos 1  mgl cos  2

 1 2 g  12  1 g   22  
 L  ml 2 12  22  12  1    1    cos 1   2   1
 2 2 l  2  2 l  2 

  2 1  2   g g 12 g g  22 
 L  ml 1   2  1 2  
2
  
 2 l l 2 2l 2l 2 

comparing given options, option (b) is correct i.e.

 1  2 2 1 
L  ml 2  12  22  12  0 1  022 
 2 2 4 
Ans. 2: (c)


Solution: z  a x 2  y 2 
Using equation of constrain, we must solve the given system in cylindrical co-ordinate.

z  ar 2 , z  2arr  L 
1
2

m r 2  r 2   z 2  mgz 
1
  1
 
 L  m r 2  r 2   4a 2 r 2 r 2  mgar 2  m  r 2 1  4a 2 r 2  r 2  2   mgar 2
2 2
Equation of motion
d  L  L
  0
dt  r  r

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 
 mr 1  4a 2 r 2  mr 2 4a 2 r  mr 2  2mgar  0

At z  z0 , r  0, r  r0 , so, mr0 2  2mgar0

v
 2  2 ga    2 ga ,  2 ga , v  2 ga  r0
r0
1/ 2
z 
v  2 ga   0 
a
 2 gz0  z 0  ar02 
Ans. 3: (a)
L d  L 
Solution:  L  q 2  qq   2q  q     2q  q
q dt  q 
d  L  L
   0
dt  q  q
d 2q dq
 2q  q  q  0  2q  0  2
0   C  q  Ct  
dt dt
Ans. 4: (c)
Solution: The Lagrangian of the system is

L
1 2 2
2
 
ma   sin 2 2  mga cos 

The equation of motion is,

d  L   L 
  
2  2 
  0  ma   ma sin  cos   mga sin   0
dt      
2

When bead is stationary, then

d d 2
dt
 
 2  0  ma 2 sin  cos 2  mga sin   0 ,
dt
g
    and g   2 a , then cos   2
 a
Ans. 5: (d)

Solution: L 
1
2
  1
   
m r 2  r 2 2  16r 2 r 2  2mgr 2  L  m r 2 1  16r 2  r 2 2  2mgr 2
2
The equation of motion is given by
d  L  L
 
dt  r  r
 
 0  mr 1  16r 2  16mr 2 r  mr 2  4mgr  0

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At equilibrium, r  r0 , r  0, 
r 0

So,  mr0 2  4mgr0  0      4 g

Ans. 6: (b)
d  L   L 
Solution:       0  2q  q  q  0  q  0
dt  q   q 
Ans. 7: (a)
Ans. 8: 42

Solution: L 
2

m 2
4

x  y 2   x  y 
2

The equation of motion is

d  L   L   
       0  mx  x  y  0 ….(1)
dt  x   x  2 2

d  L   L   
       0  my  y  x  0 ….(2)
dt  y   y  2 2

Subtracting equation  2  from 1 gives m   y   0  

x   x  
y0

Integrating both sides with t gives

x  y  c1

From the equation x  0   y  0   0 , there c1  0

Hence, x  y  0 ….(3)
Integrating both sides of this equation with t gives
x  y  c2

Putting x  0   42, y  0   0 gives

42  0  c2  42

Therefore, x  y  42
The value of x  y is independent of t .
Therefore, at t  25s
x  t   y  t   42

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Ans. 9: (d)

Solution: L 
1
2
 
m r 2  r 22  z 2  mgz

r
 tan 
2
z  r cot 

L
1
2
 
m r 2  r 22  r 2 cot 2   mgr cot   0

For circular motion, r  0 r 0


mr2  mg cot 

g cot 
 
r

V  r  gr cot 
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3. Hamiltonian Formulation
Q1. A dynamical system with two generalized coordinates q1 and q2 has Lagrangian

L  q12  q 22 . If p1 and p2 are the corresponding generalized momenta, the Hamiltonian

is given by
 
(a) p12  p 22 / 4  
(b) q12  q 22 / 4  
(c) p12  p 22 / 2 (d)  p1 q1  p 2 q 2  / 4
JEST-2014

 p q
2

Q2. The Hamiltonian for a particle of mass m is given by H , where  is a non-

 2m 
zero constant. Which one of the following equations is correct?
(a) p  mq (b)  p  q
1
(c) q  0 (d) L  mq 2   qq
2
JEST-2020
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3. Hamiltonian Formulation (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: H   qi pi  L  q1 p1  q 2 p2  L

L p L p
 p1  2q1  q1  1 and  p 2  2q 2  q 2  2
q1 2 q 2 2

H
p1
 p1 
p2
 p2 
p12 p 22
 H 
p12  p22  
2 2 4 4 4
Ans. 2: (c)

 P q
2

Solution: H
2m
H
  p
q

  P   q 
 q
m
p  mq   q

 P  dq 
p  mq   q  mq    
 m 


 P   q   mq    P   q 
m m
mq  0  q
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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4. Poission Bracket
Q1. 
If the Poisson bracket  x, p  1 , then the Poisson bracket x 2  p, p is ? 
(a) 2x (b) 2x (c) 1 (d) 1
JEST-2013
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4. Poission Bracket (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
   
Solution: x 2  p, p  x 2 , p  p, p  xx, p  x, px  0

 x  1   1 x  2 x

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5. Canonical Transformation
Q1. If the coordinate q and the momentum p form a canonical pair  q, p  , which one of the

sets given below also forms a canonical?

(a)  q,  p  
(b) q 2 , p 2  (c)  p,  q  
(d) q 2 ,  p 2 
JEST-2012
Q2.  Q1 , Q2 , P1 , P2  and  q1 , q2 , p1 , p2  are two sets of canonical coordinates, where Qi and qi

are the coordinates and Pi and pi are the corresponding conjugate momenta. If P1  q2

and P2  p1 , then which of the following relations is true?

(a) Q1  q1 , Q2  p2 (b) Q1  p2 , Q2  q1

(c) Q1   p2 , Q2  q1 (d) Q1  q1 , Q2   p2

JEST-2017
Q3. If  q, p  is a canonically conjugate pair, which of the following is not a canonically

conjugate pair?
 pq 1 
(a)  q 2 , 
 2 

 qp 1 
(b)  p 2 ,  
 2 


(c) pq 1 ,  q 2 
 q 
(d)  f  p    where f   p  is the derivative of f  p  with respect to p .
 f   p 
 
JEST-2018
Q4. Consider the following transformation of the phase space coordinates  q, p    Q, P 

Q  q a cos bp P  q a sin bp
For what values of a and b will the transformation be canonical?
1 1 1 1
(a) 1,1 (b) , (c) 2, (d) ,2
2 2 2 2
JEST-2019
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(Solution)
5. Canonical Transformation
Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: For canonical pair  p,  q 
p   q    p    q 
     0   1  1
q p p q
Ans. 2: (c)
Solution: From the symmetry Q1   p2 , Q2  q1
Ans. 3: (c)

  
  pq 1   q 2    
 pq 1   q 2    2  1 so
Solution: 
 q
.
p

p
.
q 
 pq 1

, q 2 is not canonical .
 
So option (c) is correct
Ans. 4: (d)
Q P P Q
Solution: For canonical transformation .  .
q p q p

 1  abq 2 a 1 cos 2 bp  sin 2 bp  1 
1
a  ,b  2
2
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6. Generating Function
p 2 kq 2
Q1. The Hamiltonian of a classical particle is given by H  p, q    . Given
2m 2

k
F  p, q, t   ln  p  im q   it is a constant of motion (where   ). What is the
m
value of  ?
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 
JEST-2020
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6. Generating Function (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
P2 1
Solution: H   m 2 q 2
2m 2
F  ln  p  im q   i t

dF F F H F H F
  F, H   0     0
dt t q p p q t

im p m 2 q 2
    i  0
 p  im q  m  p  im q 


 i p  m q   i  0  i  p  i q   i  0
2

 p  im q   p  i q 
i  i  0
 1
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7. Phase Space
Q1. The coordinate q and the momentum p of a particle satisfy
dq dp
 p,  3q  4 p
dt dt
If A  t  is the area of any region of points moving in the  q, p  -space, then the ratio

A t 
is
A 0

(a) 1 (b) exp  3t  (c) exp  4t  (d) exp  3t / 4 

JEST-2018
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7. Phase Space (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
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8. Stability Analysis
Q1. The acceleration experienced by the bob of a simple pendulum is
(a) maximum at the extreme positions
(b) maximum at the lowest (central) positions
(c) maximum at a point between the above two positions
(d) same at all positions
JEST-2014
Q2. Consider a Hamiltonian system with a potential energy function is given by
V  x   x 2  x 4 . Which of the following is correct?
(a) The system has one stable point (b) The system has two stable points
(c) The system has three stable points (d) The system has four stable points
JEST-2014
Q3. A particle of mass 1kg is undergoing small oscillation about the equilibrium point in the
1 1
potential V  x   12
 6 for x  0 meters. The time period (in seconds) of the
2x x
oscillation is
 
(a) (b) (c) 1.0 (d) 
2 3
JEST-2018
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8. Stability Analysis (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg 
l
T cos
T
a  g tan  at   90 o
T sin 
a is maximum at extreme position. mg
Ans. 2: (a)

Solution: V  x   x 2  x 4 ,
V
x

 2x  4x3  0  2x 1  2x 2  0  x  
1
, 0 
2

 2V  2V 1
 2  12 x 2
  2  12   4  0
dx 2 dx 2 x 
1 2
2

V  2V  2V
For stable point  0 and 0 2 20
x x x x 0

Ans. 3: (c)
1 1
Solution: V  x   12
 6
2x x
V 1 12 6 1 1 
  13  7  0   7  6  1  0
x 2x x x x 

x6  1
 2V
 2V 6  13 6.7 x 2
  8  78  42  34   x 1
 34  5.8
x 2 x 1
x14 x m

2 2 2  3.14
  34  T    1.08
T 34 5.8
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9. Small Oscillation
Q1. A girl measures the period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift and finds it to be
g
T seconds. If the lift accelerates upward with an acceleration , then the time period
4
will be
T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d) 2T 5
4 5
JEST-2012
Q2. For small angular displacement (i.e., sin    ), a simple pendulum oscillates
harmonically. For larger displacements, the motion
(a) becomes a periodic (b) remains periodic with the same period
(c) remains periodic with a higher period (d) remains periodic with a lower period
JEST-2012
Q3. The period of a simple pendulum inside a stationary lift is T . If the lift accelerates
g
downwards with an acceleration , the period of the pendulum will be
4
T 2T 2T
(a) T (b) (c) (d)
4 3 5
JEST-2013
Q4. For the coupled system shown in the figure, the normal coordinates are x1  x2 and

x1  x2 corresponding to the normal frequencies 0 and 30 respectively.

x1 x2
k k k

m m
At t  0 , the displacements are x1  A , x2  0 , and the velocities are v1  v2  0 . The

displacement of the second particle at time t is given by:

(a) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t  (b) x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t 
(c) x2  t  
A
2

sin 0t   sin  30t  (d) x2  t  
A

2
sin 0t  
1
3


sin 30t 


JEST-2016

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Q5. A simple pendulum has a bob of mass 1 kg and charge 1 Coulomb. It is suspended by a
massless string of length 13 m . The time period of small oscillations of this pendulum is

T0 . If an electric field E  100 xV
ˆ / m is applied, the time period becomes T . What is the
x
value of T0 / T  ?
4

y l  13 m

E  100 Volt m 1  iˆ
g  10 m sec 2
m  1kg
q  1 Coulomb
JEST-2017
Q6. Consider a simple pendulum in three dimensional space. It consists of a string length
l  20 cm and bob mass m  15 kg attached to it as shown in the figure below. The
acceleration due to gravity is downwards as shown in the figure with a magnitude
g  10 ms 2 . x

y
l  20cm
z

m  15kg

g  10ms 2
The pendulum is pulled in the x  z plane to a position where the string makes an angle

 with the z -axis. It is then released an angular velocity  radians per second
3
about the z-axis. What should be the value of  in radians per second so that the angle
lie siring makes with the z -axis does not change with time?
JEST-2018

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Q7. A hoop of diameter D is pivoted at the topmost point on the

circumference as shown in the figure. The acceleration due to
D g
gravity g is acting downwards. What is the time period of small
oscillations in the plane of the hoop?

D 5D
(a) 2 (b) 2
2g 6g

D 2D
(c) 2 (d) 2
2g g
JEST-2019
Q8. A thin uniform steel chain is 10 m long with a linear mass density of 2 kg m 1 . The chain
hangs vertically with one end attached to a horizontal axle, having a negligibly small
radius compared to its length. What is the work done (in N  m ) to slowly wind up the
chain on to the axle? The acceleration due to gravity is g  9.81 ms 1 .
JEST-2019

Consider a particle with total energy E is oscillating in a potential U  x   A x with

n
Q9.

A  0 and n  0 in one dimension. Which one of the following gives the relation
between the time-period of oscillation T and the total energy E :
(a) T  E 1/ n 1/ 2 (b) T  E 0 (c) T  E n (d) T  E 1/ n
JEST-2020
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9. Small Oscillation (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)

l
Solution: T  2
g
Since, lift accelerated upward, then

l l l l 2 2T
T   2  2  2  4  2  
g  g g
g 5g g 5 5
4
Ans. 2: (c)
Ans. 3: (c)

l
Solution: T  2  lift accelerates down wards then
g

l l 4l l 2T
T   2  2  2  2  2  T 
g  g g
g 3g 3g 3
4
Ans. 4: (b)
Solution: Using boundary condition at t  0 , x2  0 and v2  0

Only x2  t  
A
2

cos 0t   cos  30t  will satisfied
Ans. 5: 101
Solution: In equilibrium condition, pendulum is tilted at angle  and is at rest
 mg sin   qE cos 
 qE    mg 
2 2

qE 
tan   qE
mg

qE mg qE cos 
 sin  
 2 E    mg 
2 2
qE
qE cos  mg sin 
cos  
mg mg sin  mg
 2 E    mg 
2 2

When pendulum is displaced by small angle  the restoring force is

F    mg sin      qE cos     

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   mg  sin  cos   cos  sin    qE  cos  cos   sin  sin   

   mg sin  cos   mg cos  sin   qE cos  cos   qE sin  sin  

x
for small angular difference, cos   1 and sin  
l
 x x
F   mg sin   qE cos    mg cos  .  qE sin . 
 l l

 
   x .  mg    qE 
2 2
x mg qE
F   mg .  qE 
l  qE    mg 
2 2
 qE    mg 
2 2  l  2 E 2   mg 2
 
 mg    qE 
2 2
d 2x
 2  1 0
dl ml

 mg 
2
l 169
   T  2  T 4   2 
2 4

ml q 
2 10100
g  E
 
2

m  l
qE cos    
l 4 169
As, T0  2  T04   2  qE
x
g 100
T 
4
qE sin    
  0   101 mg mg sin    
T  mg cos    

Ans. 6: 31.6 m / s
Solution: The object of mass m execute a horizontal circular orbit of
radius r with angular velocity  . Let h be the vertical distance 
h l
between the pivotal and the plane of the circular orbit and let  be T

the angle subtended by eh string with the downward vertical. r

The object is subject to two forces 

mg
(i) The gravitational force mg which acts vertically downward and
(ii) The tension force T which acts upward along the string
The vertical component of the tension force ( T cos  ) balances the weight of the object
( mg )

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i.e. T cos   mg ….(i)

Since the object is executing a circular orbit, radius r , with angular velocity  , it
experiences a centripetal force m  2 r

 T sin   m  2 r ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2 r
tan   ….(iii)
h
r
since, tan   ….(iv)
h

r 2 r g
  
h h h
Now, h  l cos 

g
 
l cos 
Given g  10 ms 2 , l  20 cm  20  102 m

  600
3
10 10
   1000
2  10  cos  60 
2 0
2
2 10 
1
2
   31.6 m / s
Ans. 7: (c)
Ans. 8: 981
Solution: l  10 m
Mass to be pulled
dy
m
Mass of small elementary  dy
l y
m
PE of mass    dy  y  g
l
reference
So work required in pulling

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m
W    dU     y dy  g
l
0
l

m l2 mgl 2 10  9.8110

  g    981J
l 2 2 2
Ans. 9: (a)

Solution: J   2m  E  V dx

 E / A1 / x
J  2m  E  x n dx
0

1/ x 1
E
J  2mE   
 A

0
1  t n dt

1 1

J  En 2

J
T
E
1 1

TE n 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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10. Central Force

Q1. A planet orbits a massive star in a highly elliptical orbit, i.e., the total orbital energy E is
close to zero. The initial distance of closest approach is R0 . Energy is dissipated through

tidal motions until the orbit is circularized with a final radius of R f . Assume that orbital

angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. then

R0
(a) R f  (b) R f  R0 (c) R f  2 R0 (d) R f  2 R0
2
JEST-2012
Q2. A binary system consists of two stars of equal mass m orbiting each other in a circular
orbit under the influence of gravitational forces. The period of the orbit is T . At t  0 ,
the motion is stopped and the stars are allowed to fall towards each other. After what time
t , expressed in terms of T , do they collide?
x 2 dx x   x 
 x 2

2
  x 2  sin 1 
2  


  
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4 2
JEST-2012
Q3. The free fall time of a test mass on an object of mass M from a height 2 R to R is

R3 R3 R3 2R 3
(a)  / 2  1 (b) (c)  / 2 (d) 
GM GM GM GM
JEST-2013
Q4. A spherical planet of radius R has a uniform density  and does not rotate. If the planet
is made up of some liquid, the pressure at point r from the center is
4 2 G 2 4G 2
(a)
3
R  r2 (b)
3
R  r2 
2 2 G 2 G
(c)
3

R  r2  (d)
2
R 2
 r2 
JEST-2013

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Q5. If, in a Kepler potential, the pericentre distance of particle in a parabolic orbit is rp while

the radius of the circular orbit with the same angular momentum is rc , then

(a) rc  2rp (b) rc  rp (c) 2rc  rp (d) rc  2rp

JEST-2013
Q6. A classical particle with total energy E moves under the influence of a potential
V  x, y   3x 3  2 x 2 y  2 xy 2  y 3 . The average potential energy, calculated over a long
time is equal to,
2E E E 2E
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 5 5
JEST-2015
Q7. How is your weight affected if the Earth suddenly doubles in radius, mass remaining the
same?
(a) Increases by a factor of 4 (b) Increases by a factor of 2
(c) Decreases by a factor of 4 (d) Decreases by a factor of 2
JEST-2015
Q8. The central force which results in the orbit r  a 1  cos   for a particle is proportional

to:
(a) r (b) r 2 (c) r 2 (d) None o the above
JEST-2016
Q9. Consider a particle of mass m moving under the effect of an attractive central potential
given as V  kr 3 where k 0 . For a given angular momentum
L, r0  3km / L2 corresponds to the radius of the possible circular orbit and the

L2
corresponding energy is E0  . The particle is released from r  r0 with an inward
6mr02  
velocity, energy E  E0 and angular momentum L . How long will be particle take to

reach r0

(a) zero (b) 2mr02 L1 (c) 2 mr02 L1 (d) Infinite

JEST-2018

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Q10. What is the change in the kinetic energy of rotation of the earth if its radius shrinks by
1% ? Assume that the mass remains the same and the density is uniform.
(a) increases by 1% (b) increases by 2% (c) decreases by 1% (d) decreases by 2%
JEST-2019
Q11. In a fixed target elastic scattering experiment, a projectile of mass m , having initial
velocity v0 , and impact parameter b , approaches the scatterer. It experiences a central

k
repulsive force f  r    k  0  . What is the distance of the closest approach d ?
r2
1 1
 k 2  k 2
(a) d   b 2  2  (b) d   b 2  2 
 mv0   mv0 
k
(c) d  b (d) d 
mv02
JEST-2019
Q12. A particle of mass m carrying angular momentum l moves in a central potential
ke  ar
V r    , where k , a are positive constants. If the particle undergoes circular
r
motion, what is the equation determining its radius r0 ?

l2 l2
(a)  kar0 e  ar0 (b)  ke  ar0 1  ar0 
mr0 mr0
l2 l2
(c)  ke  ar0 (d)  ke  ar0 1  ar0 
2mr0 2mr0
JEST-2020
Q13. A particle of mass m is placed in a potential well U  x   cx n , where c is a positive

constant and n is an even positive integer. If the particle is in equilibrium at constant

temperature, which one of the following relations between average kinetic energy K

and average potential energy U is correct?

2 n
(a) K  U (b) K  U (c) K  U (d) K  2 U
n 2
JEST-2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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10. Central Force (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
1 2 J2 GMm
Solution: For elliptically motion E  mr  2

2 2mr r
E  0 and closest approach is R0 , at R0  r  0

J2 GMm J2 GMm
0 0 2
  2
  J 2  2GMm 2 R0
2mR0 R0 2 MR0 R0
From condition of circular orbit

J2 V J2 2GMm 2 R0 GMm
 f r     
GMm
   R f  2 R0
mR 3f r mR 3f R 2f mR 3f R 2f

Ans. 2: (d)
d 2x GMm d 2x GM A
Solution: m 2
  2
 2
 2  2
dt x dt x x
dv  A dx d  v2  d  A  v2 A
v  2         C
dt x dt dt  2  dt  x  2 x

A
when x  R , v  0 , then c  
R
v2 A A 1 1 dx 2A R  x
   v  2A   
2 x R x R dt R x
0 t
x 2A

R Rx
dx  
0
R
dt

Put x  u 2  dx  2udu and x  0, u  0 and also, x  R, u  R

0
u u 
0 t
2u 2 2A R 2A
 R  u2
du  
0
R
dt  2 
2
R  u 2  sin 1
2 
R R

R
t
R

 R R 1 R  2A R 2A
 2  RR  sin  t  2  sin 1 1  t
 2 2 R R 2 R

2A R  R R
t  2   t  
R 2 2 2 2A

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1 R 3 2
t (1)
2 2 GM

mv 2 GMm GM 2 R 4 2 R 2 GM 4 2 R 3
and   v 2
  v      2
R R2 R  2 R GM

R 3 2 R 3 2 
 2   (2)
GM GM 2
1  
From (1) and (2), t  
2 22 4 2
Ans. 3: (a)
md 2 r GMm d 2r GM d 2r A
Solution: Equation of motion 2
  2
 2
  2
 2
 2  GM  A
dt r dt r dt r
dv A dr d  v2  d  A v2 A
v  2         C
dt r dt dt  2  dt  r  2 r

when r  2 R, v  0

0 A A v2 A A 2A 2A dr 2A 2R  r
 C  C      v   
2 2R 2R 2 r 2R r 2R dt 2R r

R r A t

2R
2R  r
dr  
R 0
dt

put r  u 2 , dr  2udu when r  2 R, u  2 R , r  R, u  R

R u A t A R u2
 2R
2R  u 2
 2udu   
R 0
dt  
R
t  2
2R
2R  u 2
du

R
A  u 2 R 1 u 
 t  2  2R  u 2  sin 
R  2 2 2R  2R

A  R 2 R 1 R 2R 2R 
 t  2 2R  R  sin  2 R  2 R  R sin 1 
R  2 2 2R 2 2R 

  R R R  R R     R
3
A
 t  2    t    1  t    1  A  GM
R  2 4 2  A 2   2  GM

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Ans. 4: (c)
r
dm  g dm  g
  4 r 2 drGM
Solution: Pressure dp    R3
A 4 r 2 4 r 2

dr

r dm (mass of elementary part )

R

4 3 r
  4r 2 drG    R 3
 dp  3 R  dp  4  2 Grdr
4r 2
3
R
R 4 2 4 2  r 2  4 2  R 2 r 2 
 dp   r 3
 Grdr  p 
3
 G
 2
  p 
r 3
 G
 2
 
2
4  2 G 2 2 2
 p
3 2

R  r2  p 
3

 G R2  r 2  
Ans. 5: (a)
l
Solution: Conic equation  1  e cos  for parabola e  1 for circle, e  0 ,   0
r
l l
 1  1,  1  l  2rp , l  rC  2rp  rC
rp rC

Ans. 6: (d)
n
Solution: If one will use virial theorem, then T  V . If V  r n according to problem n  3
2
3 2
So, E  T  V  E  V  V  V  E
2 5
But virial theorem is used only for conservative forces.
   
Force conservative   F  0 , where F  V

V  x, y   3 x3  2 x 2 y  2 y 2 x  y 3  V   9 x 2  4 xy  2 y 2  iˆ   2 x 2  4 yx  3 y 2  ˆj
 
   F  0 i.e., force is conservative in nature.
Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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Ans. 7: (c)
GM GM W
Solution: W  m  and W   m  W 
 2R 
2 2
R 4
Ans. 8: (c)
1 1 du sin 
Solution: r  a 1  cos    u    
r a 1  cos   d a 1  cos  2
d 2u sin 2  cos 
and 2 
d a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
2 3 2

If J is angular momentum and m is mass of particle

J 2  d 2u  1
  2 u  f  
m  d  u
J 2  d 2u  J 2  2sin 2  cos  1  1
  2  u        f  
m  d  m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
J 2  1  cos 2  cos  1  1
 2    f  
m  a 1  cos   a 1  cos  
3 2
a 1  cos    u
 
1 1  au
Put u  , cos   and solving we get
a 1  cos   au
1
f    u 2 so f  r   r 2
u
Ans. 9: (d)

L2 k
Solution: Veffective  2
 3
2mr r
Veffective L2 3k L2
0   0  r 
r
0
mr 3 r 4 3mk

 2Veffective 3L2 12k

   0 at r  r0
r 2 mr 4 r 5
For the given value of energy the particle will reach at unstable equilibrium point which
is not possible. So time is infinity.
Ans. 10: (b)
Ans. 11: (a)
k k
Solution: f  r   2 
k  0  so potential is V  r  
r r

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vb
Conservation of angular momentum mv0b  md 2    02
d
2 2
mv0 md 
2
k  v0b
Conservation of energy is given by    2
2 2 d d
1
 k  2
d   b2  2 
 mv0 

Ans. 12: (b)

l2 Ke r
Solution: Veff  
2mr 2 r
Veff
For circular motion 0 r  r0
r

 l 2 Ke dr Ke  r  l 2 Ke  r0 Ke r0
 3     0    0
 mr r2 r  r r mr03 r02 r0
0

l2 Ke r0 Ke  r0 l2 1 
 3
 2
  3
 Ke  r0  2  
mr0 r0 r0 mr0  r0 r0 
l2
  Ke r0 1   r0 
mr0
Ans. 13: (c)
Solution: V  x   cx n

V  ar n 1
n 1
T  V
2
U  x   cx n

n
K  U
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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11. Rigid Body

Q1. Two point objects A and B have masses 1000 kg and 3000 kg respectively. They are
initially at rest with a separation equal to 1m . Their mutual gravitational attraction then
draws them together. How far from A ’s original position will they collide?
1 1 2 3
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
3 2 3 4
JEST-2014
Q2. A cylindrical shell of mass m has an outer radius b and an inner radius a . The moment
of inertia of the shell about the axis of the cylinder is:

(a)
1
2

m b2  a 2  (b)
1
2

m b2  a 2  (c) m  b 2  a 2  (d) m  b 2  a 2 

JEST-2016
Q3. A rod of mass m and length l is suspended from two massless vertical springs with a
spring constants k1 and k2 . What is the Lagrangian for the system, if x1 and x2 be the
displacements from equilibrium position of the two ends of the rod?

(a) 
m 2
8
x1  2 x1 x 2  x 22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2

(b) 
m 2
2
x1  x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4

(c) 
m 2
6
x1  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2

(d) 
m 2
2
x1  2 x1 x2  x22    k1  k2   x12  x22 
1
4
JEST-2017

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Q4. A toy car is made from a rectangular block of mass M and four disk wheels of mass m
and radii r . The car is attached to a vertical wall by a massless horizontal spring with
spring constant k and constrained to move perpendicular to the wall. The coefficient of
static friction between the wheel of the car and the floor is  . The maximum amplitude
of oscillations of the car above which the wheels start slipping is

 g  M  2m  M  4m   g  M 2  m2 
(a) (b)
mk Mk

 g  M  m  g  M  4m  M  6m 
2

(c) (d)
2mk 2mk
JEST-2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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11. Rigid Body (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
Solution: Since gravitational force is conservative, therefore they collide at their centre of mass
m1 x  1  x m2
m1 x 1 x m2
A B
x  31  x   x 
3
1m
4
Ans. 2: (b)

 
b m b m 2
Solution:  x 2 dm   x 2 xdx  b  a2
2

a 
 b a 2 2
 a 2

Ans. 3: (c)
2
1 1 1  x1  x2  1 ml 2  2
Solution: T  MVc.m  I c.m  m 
2 2
  
2 2 2  2  2 12
1 2 1 2
Potential energy is, V  kx1  kx2
2 2
x2  x1 x x x  x
sin   for small oscillation   2 1    2 1
l l l
2 2
1  x1  x2  1 ml 2  x1  x2  1 2 1 2
L m      kx1  kx2
2  2  2 12  l  2 2


6

m 2
x1  x1 x2  x22   k1 x12  k2 x22
1
2
1
2
Ans. 4: (d)
Solution: If F is force on each wheel then kx
kx  4 F  Ma (i)
For each wheel 2F 2F
 M 
Ff    mg  g
 4  F
 M 
F    mg  g   ma
 4 
When Torque is balanced about bottom most point

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3  a  3
FR   mR 2     ma
2  R  2
 M 
2  mg  g
a  4 
m
Putting in equation (i)
kx  6ma  Ma
  M  6m  4m  M  g
kx   M  6m  a 
2m
  M  6m  4m  M  g
x
2mk
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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12. Special Theory of Relativity

Q1. In a certain inertial frame two light pulses are emitted at point 5 km apart and separated
in time by 5  s . An observer moving at a speed V along the line joining these points
notes that the pulses are simultaneous. Therefore V is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8c (c) 0.3c (d) 0.9 c
JEST-2012
Q2. In an observer’s rest frame, a particle is moving towards the observer with an energy E
and momentum P . If c denotes the velocity of light in vacuum, the energy of the
particle in another frame moving in the same direction as particle with a constant velocity
v is

(a)
 E  vP  (b)
 E  vP  (c)
 E  vP  (d)
 E  vP 
1 v / c 1 v / c
2 2
2 2
1   v / c 2  1   v / c 2 
   
JEST-2013
Q3. Under a Galilean transformation, the coordinates and momenta of any particle or system
      
transform as: t '  t , r '  r  vt and p '  p  mv where v is the velocity of the boosted
frame with respect to the original frame. A unitary operator carrying out these

transformations for a system having total mass M , total momentum P and centre of

mass coordinate X is
       
t / 2 
(b) e i M v . X /  e i t v .P /  e i M v
2
(a) e i M v . X /  e i t v .P / 
     
t / 2   t / 2  
(d) e i t v . P /  e i M v
2 2
(c) e i M v . X /  e i t v .P /  e i M v
JEST-2013
Q4. A K meson (with a rest mass of 494 MeV ) at rest decays into a muon (with a rest mass
of 106 MeV ) and a neutrino. The energy of the neutrino, which can be massless, is
approximately
(a) 120 MeV (b) 236 MeV (c) 300 MeV (d) 388 MeV
JEST-2013

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Q5. A light beam is propagating through a block of glass with index of refraction n . If the
glass is moving at constant velocity v in the same direction as the beam, the velocity of
the light in the glass block as measured by an observer in the laboratory is approximately
c  1  c  1 
(a) u   v 1  2  (b) u   v 1  2 
n  n  n  n 
c  1  c
(c) u   v1  2  (d) u 
n  n  n
JEST-2013
Q6. The velocity of a particle at which the kinetic energy is equal to its rest energy is (in
terms of c , the speed of light in vacuum)
(a) 3c / 2 (b) 3c / 4 (c) 3 / 5c (d) c / 2
JEST-2013
Q7. In a certain inertial frame two light pulses are emitted, a distance 5 km apart and
separated by 5 s . An observer who is traveling, parallel to the line joining the points
where the pulses are emitted, at a velocity v with respect to this frame notes that the
pulses are simultaneous. Therefore v is
(a) 0.7 c (b) 0.8 c (c) 0.3 c (d) 0.9 c
JEST-2014
Q8. A monochromatic wave propagates in a direction making an angle 60 o with the x -axis
4c
in the reference frame of source. The source moves at speed v  towards the observer.
5
The direction of the (cosine of angle) wave as seen by the observer is
13 3 13 1
(a) cos    (b) cos    (c) cos    (d) cos   
14 14 6 2
JEST-2014
Q9. The distance of a star from the Earth is 4.25 light years, as measured from the Earth. A
space ship travels from Earth to the star at a constant velocity in 4.25 years, according to
the clock on the ship. The speed of the space ship in units of the speed of light is,
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 3
JEST-2015

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Q10. Light takes approximately 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to the Earth. Suppose in the
frame of the Sun an event occurs at t  0 at the Sun and another event occurs on Earth at
t  1 minute. The velocity of the inertial frame in which both these events are
simultaneous is:
c
(a) with the velocity vector pointing from Earth to Sun
8
c
(b) with the velocity vector pointing from Sun to Earth
8
(c) The events can never be simultaneous - no such frame exists
2
1
(d) c 1    with velocity vector Pointing from to Earth
8
JEST-2016
Q11. A person on Earth observes two rockets A and B directly approaching each other with
speeds 0.8 c and 0.6 c respectively. At a time when the distance between the rockets is

observed to be 4.2 108 m , the clocks of the rockets and the Earth are synchronized to
t  0 s . The time of collision (in seconds) of the two rockets as measured in rocket A ' s
x
frame is . What is x ?
10
JEST-2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Solution)
12. Special Theory of Relativity
Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: t  0 , t 2  t1  5s , x 2  x1  5km , v  V

 V   V 
t 2   2  x 2 t1   2  x1
t 2  t1  C   C 
2
V V2
1 2 1 2
C C
   
t 2  t1   C 2  x 2  x1 
V
V
  0  5  10 6  2  5  10 3  0
V2 C
1 2
C
6
V 5  10
 2   10 9
C 5  10 3

 V  3  108  C 109  0.3c

Ans. 2: (a)
vx x v v
t   2x x x
2 x
c   c c  x  c  x  ct , x  ct 
Solution: t  
v 2 c v 2
v2
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
E
v E
c E E  Pv
Now x  E , x  E  E    E  mc 2 , E  Pc  P   E  
v 2 c v2
1 2 1 2
c c
Ans. 3: (b)
Ans. 4: (b)
 494 494 106 106  2

m  m c 2  2  2  2  2 c
2
 2


c c c c 
Solution: k     , E 
k

2mk 494
2 2
c
244036  11236
  235.6275  236 MeV
988

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Ans. 5: (a)
c
v 1
n  c  v   c  v v2 
Solution: now u    v  1     v    1   2 2 
vc  n  cn   n   cn c n 
1 2
c n
v2 v3 c v cv 2 c  1 
 v   2 2   2  3  u   v 1  2 
cn c n n cn cn n  n 
Ans. 6: (a)
Solution: K .E  mc 2  m0 c 2 , rest mass energy  m0 c 2

K .E.  rest mass energy

mc 2  m0 c 2  m0 c 2  mc 2  2m0 c 2

m0 1  v2  v2 3
c 2  2m0 c 2   2  41  2   1  4 2  3  v  c
v2 v2  c  c 2
1 2 1 2
c c
Ans. 7: (c)
Solution:  x2  x1   5  103 m, t2  t1  5  106 sec

 v   v   v 
t2   2 x2  t1   2 x1   t2  t1   2  x2  x1  
 t2  t1    c 2    c 2    c
2

v v v
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c
v
t2  t1  5 106  5 103  0  v  0.3c
c2
Ans. 8: (a)

4c c 3
Solution: v  , u x  c cos 60o  , u y  c sin 60o  c
5 2 2
c 4
 c
2 5 13c 13
Now u x    cos  
c 4c 14 14
1  2
2 5c

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Ans. 9: (b)
4.25 4.25
Solution: Proper life-time t0  , t 
c v
t0 4.25 4.25 / c  v2   v2  1
t      2   1  2   v  c
1  v2 / c2 v 1  v2 / c2 c   c  2
Ans. 10: (a)
Solution: x2  x1  c  8  60 , t2  t1  60
vx vx
t2  22 t1  21
t2  t1  0  c  c  0  t   t   v  x  x    0
2 1 2 1
v2 v2 c2
1 2 1 2
c c
v v c
t2  t1  2  x2  x1   0  60  2 c  8  60  0  v  
c c 8
c
Negative sign indicate frame is moving with the velocity vector pointing from Earth
8
to Sun.
Ans. 11: 5.3
Solution: v  0.8c, ux  0.6

u x  v 1.4
ux   c
u x v 1.48
1 2
c

v2
l  l0 1  2  4.2  108 1  0.64  4.2  108  0.36
c

l 4.2 108  0.36 x

t   0.53   x  5.3
ux 0.94  3 108 10
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13. Newton’s Law One Dimensional

Q1. A particle of mass m is thrown upward with velocity v and there is retarding air
resistance proportional to the square of the velocity with proportionality constant k . If
the particle attains a maximum height after time t , and g is the gravitational
acceleration, what is the velocity?

(a)
k
g
 g 
tan
k
t  (b)
 g 
gk tan 
k
t  (c)
g
tan  gk t  (d) gk tan  gk t 
    k

JEST-2013
Q2. A small mass M hangs from a thin string and can swing like a pendulum. It is attached
above the window of a car. When the car is at rest, the string hangs vertically. The angle
made by the string with the vertical when the car has a constant acceleration a  1.2 m / s 2
is approximately
(a) 10 (b) 70 (c) 150 (d) 900
JEST-2013
Q3. A block of mass M rests on a plane inclined at an angle  with respect to the horizontal.
A horizontal force F  Mg is applied to the block If  is the static friction between the
block and the plane, the range of  so that the block remains stationary is
(a)    tan    (b) 1    cot   1  
1  1  1  1 
(c)  tan   (d)  cot  
1  1  1  1 
JEST-2018
Q4. A bullet with initial speed v0 is fired at a log of wood. The resistive force by wood on the

bullet is given by  v , where   1 . What is the time taken to stop the bullet inside the
wood log?
m v0 1 m v0 1 m v01  v10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 1   1  1 m 1
JEST-2019
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13. Newton’s Law One Dimensional (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
mdv dv k dv
Solution: Equation of motion  mg  kv 2   g  v2   dt
dt dt m k 2
g v
m
dv dv m 1 v
   dt     dt   tan 1 t
k k  gm  k gm gm
g  v2   v2 
m m k  k k

mg  kg 
v tan   t 
k  m 
Ans. 2: (b)
a a  1.2 
Solution: T sin   ma , T cos   mg , tan      tan 1  tan 1    6.98  7
0 0

g g  9.8 
Ans. 3: (c)
Solution: The free body diagram of the block is shown below:
The normal force on the block can be calculated using Newton’s second law in the
direction perpendicular to the incline.
N
N  Mg cos   Mg sin   0
 Mg
 N  Mg  sin   cos  

Maximum value of static frictional force  Mg

f s   Mg  sin   cos  

The coefficient  tells us that Ff   N . Using Eq this inequality becomes

Mg sin   cos    Mg  cos   sin   ……(1).

The absolute value here signifies that we must consider two cases:
If tan   1 , then Eq.(1) becomes
1 
sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
We divided by 1   , so this inequality is valid if   1 , we see from the first inequality
here that any value of  (subject to our assumption, tan   1 ) works.

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If tan   1 , then Eq. (1) becomes

1 
 sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
Putting these two ranges for  together, we have
1  1 
 tan   .
1  1 
Ans. 4: (c)

dv 
t m 0 dv m v10
Solution: m         
v dt
dt 0  v0 v  1
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14. Newton’s Law Two Dimensional

Q1. Two joggers A and B are running at a steady pace around a circular track. A takes TA

minutes whereas B takes TB   TA  minutes to complete one round. Assuming that they

have started together, what will be time taken by A to overtake B for the first time?
1
2 1 1 1  1 1 
(a) (b)  (c) (d)   
TA  TB TA TB TA  TB  TA TB 
JEST-2019
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14. Newton’s Law Two Dimensional (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
Solution: vrelative  v A  vB  T  v A  vB   2 R
1
 2 2   1 1 
TR  A   B   2 R  TR     2 R  T    
 TA TB   TA TB 
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15. Conservation of Momentum

Q1. Consider a point particle A of mass mA colliding elastically with another point particle

mB
B of mass mB at rest, where   . After collision, the ratio of the kinetic energy of
mA
particle B to the initial kinetic energy of particle A is given by
4 2 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 2
1

1
 2
1 
  
JEST-2017
Q2. A ball comes in from the left with speed 1 (in arbitrary units) and causes a series of
collisions. The other four balls shown in the figure are initially at rest. The initial motion
is shown below (the number in the circle indicate the object’s relative mass). This initial
velocities of the balls shown in the figure are represented as 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 .

1 1 1 1 2

A negative sign means that the velocity is directed to the left. All collisions are elastic.
Which of the following indicates the velocities of the balls after all the collisions are
completed?
 1 1 1  1 2
(a)   ,  , 0, 0,  (b)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 2 2  3 3

 1 3  1 1
(c)   , 0, 0, 0,  (d)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 4  2 2
JEST-2018
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15. Conservation of Momentum (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: Before Collision After Collision
mA mB mA mB
u vA vB

u2  0
  
Since, P1  P2 F ext 0 
 mA u  0  mB vB  mA u A

 u  v A   vB

Also, KE1  KE2

1 1 1
 mAu 2  0  mAv A2  mB vB2
2 2 2
2 u v 2
On solving, we get vB   B 
  2
u  1
1
m v2 2
KEB 2 B B  2  4 4
     2 
KE A 1
mA u 2   1   2  1   2  1
2 
Thus, option (a) is correct.
Ans. 2: (b)
Solution: ds  2 balls of same mass have elastic collision, after collision. First ball stops and
second moves with velocity of 1st

1m / s 1m / s
Second collision
u0 v0
1m / s 1m / s
Third collision
u0 v0
1m / s
v2

1 kg 2 kg u  0 v1

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Fourth collision
v2  v1
1 1  2  v1  2v2  v1  2v2  1 and 1   v2  v1  1
1 0
2 2
so v2  m / s, v1   m / s
3 3
1m / s

First collision 1
1 kg m/s
3

1
1 u0 m/s
m/s 3
3
Second collision
u0 1
m/s
3

1 v0
m/s
3
Third collision
Final velocity
 1 2
  3 , 0, 0, 0, 3  . So the correct option is (b).

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16. Conservation of Energy

Q1. A jet of gas consists of molecules of mass m , speed v and number density n all moving
co-linearly. This jet hits a wall at an angle  to the normal. The pressure exerted on the
wall by the jet assuming elastic collision will be
(a) p  2mnv 2 cos 2  (b) p  2mnv 2 cos 

(c) p  3 / 2mnv cos 2  (d) p  mnv 2

JEST-2012
Q2. A chain of mass M and length L is suspended vertically with its lower end touching a
weighing scale. The chain is released and falls freely onto the scale. Neglecting the size
of the individual links, what is the reading of the scale when a length x of the chain has
fallen?
Mgx 2Mgx 3Mgx 4Mgx
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L L L L
JEST-2015
Q3. A spring of force constant k is stretched by x . It takes twice as much work to stretch a
x
second spring by . The force constant of the second spring is,
2
(a) k (b) 2k (c) 4k (d) 8k

JEST-2015
Q4. A ball of mass m starting front rest, fails a vertical distance h before striking a vertical
spring, which it compresses by a length  . What is the spring constant of the spring?
(Hint: Measure all the vertical distances from the point where the ball first touches the
uncompressed spring, i.e., set this point as the origin of the vertical axis.)
2mg 2mg 2mg 2mg
(a) h    (b) h    (c) h    (d) h
 2
 3
 2
2
JEST-2018
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16. Conservation of Energy (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: Change in momentum along y - direction will be cancelled out
 Change in momentum along x  direction, p  2mv cos 
p
Force t p p pv cos 
Pressure     
Area A A. t L A. L
A
v cos 
2mv cos   v cos  N  N
Pressure p  ,   n   , V  Area  L  A  L  ,
V  V 

p   2mnv 2 cos 2 
Ans. 2: (c)
dp Mgx d  mv  Mgx
Solution: Reading of scale = impulse + actual weight    
dt L dt L
M  dx  Mgx Mv 2 Mgx 2 Mgx Mgx 3Mgx M
  v        v 2  2 gx and m  dx
L  dt  L L L L L L L

Ans. 3: (d)
1
Solution: The relation between energy and maximum displacement is E  k1 A2
2
2
1 2 x 1  x 1
For A  x ; E1  k1 x and for A  ; E1  k2    k2 x 2
2 2 2  2 8
1 1
 E2  2 E1  k2 x 2  2  k1 x 2  k2  8k1  k2  8k
8 2
Ans. 4: (a)
1 2mg  h   
Solution: mg  h     k 2  k 
2 2
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17. Fluid Mechanics

Q1. Water is poured at a rate of R m3 / hour from the top into a cylindrical vessel of diameter

D . The vessel has a small opening of area a  

a  D at the bottom. What should be

the minimum height of the vessel so that water does not overflow?
R2 R2 8R 2
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 ga 2 2 gaD 2  D2 g 2
JEST-2017
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17. Fluid Mechanics (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: The rate at which liquid coming out of the hole of area ‘ a ’ when vessel of height H is
filled Q1  R
Q2  aV2 , when V2  2 gh
H
The rate at which liquid poured in vessel is Q1  R

R2 Q2  aV2
 Q1  Q2  a 2 gH  R  H 
2 ga 2
Thus, correct option is (b)
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18. Pseudo Force

Q1. Two objects of unit mass are thrown up vertically with a velocity of 1ms 1 at latitudes

450 N and 450 S , respectively. The angular velocity of the rotation of Earth is given to be
7.29 105 s 1 . In which direction will the objects deflect when they reach their highest
point (due to Coriolis force)? Assume zero air resistance.
(a) to the east in Northern hemisphere and west in Southern Hemisphere
(b) to the west in Northern hemisphere and east in Southern Hemisphere
(c) to the east in both hemispheres
(d) to the west in both hemispheres
JEST-2019
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18. Pseudo Force (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
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19. Rotational dynamics

Q1. A small insect of mass m is sitting on the rim of a uniform circular horizontal disk of
radius R and mass M . The system is rotating at a constant angular velocity i about a

frictionless vertical axis passing through the center of the disk. The insect started to crawl
M
towards the center of the disk. Assume  10 , and let the final angular velocity of the
m
system, when the insect reaches the centre of the disk be  f . What is the value of

100 f
?
i
JEST-2020
Q2. A cleaning machine presses a circular mop of radius R  30 cm vertically down on a
floor with a total force F  25 N and rotates it with a constant angular speed about the
vertical axis passing through the centre of mop. If the force is distributed uniformly over
the mop and if the coefficient of friction between the mop and the floor is   0.25 , what
is the value of torque in N - cm applied by the machine on the mop?
JEST-2020
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19. Rotational dynamics (Solution)

Ans. 1: 0120
Solution: F  0 , so angular momentum is constant

I in  I f

 MR 2 2   MR 2 
  m  
 i   f
 2   2 
MR 2  
f  mR 2 m
 2  1   
i mR 2  m 
2  2
f  2  12
 1   
i  10  10

f  12
   100  100  120
 i  10

Ans. 2: 0125
Solution: dN is normal force in area rdrd
F
dN  rdrd
 R2
F
  r  dF  r  dN  r  rdrd
 R2
2
F F  R3 2F  R
R

2  
 r 2
dr d   2 
R 0 0 R 3
2
3

2  25  0.25  0.30
  125 N - cm
3
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