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OS 2 Marks Answers

The document outlines key concepts related to operating systems, including their main functions such as process and memory management, and defines terms like spooling, inter-process communication, and deadlock. It also discusses CPU scheduling criteria, mutual exclusion, starvation, internal fragmentation, and the distinction between logical and physical address space. Additionally, it highlights advantages of demand paging, dynamic loading, and basic file operations.

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2 views2 pages

OS 2 Marks Answers

The document outlines key concepts related to operating systems, including their main functions such as process and memory management, and defines terms like spooling, inter-process communication, and deadlock. It also discusses CPU scheduling criteria, mutual exclusion, starvation, internal fragmentation, and the distinction between logical and physical address space. Additionally, it highlights advantages of demand paging, dynamic loading, and basic file operations.

Uploaded by

keerthisubash0207
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System – 2 Marks Questions and Answers

1. 1) What are the main functions of Operating System?

An operating system performs several key functions such as process management, memory
management, file system management, device control, and providing a user interface. It acts
as a bridge between the user and hardware to ensure efficient execution of programs and
proper resource allocation.

2. 2) Define Spooling.

Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations Online) is a technique where data is


temporarily stored in a buffer or disk to be accessed by slower devices like printers. This
allows the CPU to continue its work without waiting for the device to become free.

3. 3) What is Inter-process Communication?

Inter-process Communication (IPC) refers to the mechanisms that allow processes to


exchange data and signals with each other. It helps in synchronization and coordination
among multiple processes, which is essential for multitasking in an operating system.

4. 4) Mention the different CPU scheduling criterias.

CPU scheduling criteria include CPU utilization (keeping the CPU busy), throughput
(number of processes completed in time), turnaround time, waiting time, response time,
and fairness. These factors help evaluate the performance of scheduling algorithms.

5. 5) Define deadlock with an example.

Deadlock is a condition where two or more processes are waiting for each other’s resources
and none can proceed. For example, if Process A holds Resource 1 and needs Resource 2,
while Process B holds Resource 2 and waits for Resource 1, both will remain stuck.

6. 6) What is Mutual Exclusion?

Mutual exclusion is a property that ensures only one process can access a critical section or
shared resource at any given time. This prevents race conditions and maintains data
consistency in concurrent processing.

7. 7) What is meant by Starvation?

Starvation occurs when a process waits indefinitely to access a resource because other high-
priority processes are continuously given preference. It is often caused by poor scheduling
policies in the operating system.

8. 8) What is Internal Fragmentation?


Internal fragmentation is the unused memory that remains within allocated blocks due to
fixed-sized memory allocation. Though a block is allocated, the memory left unused within
it is wasted and cannot be used by other processes.

9. 9) Distinguish logical and physical address space.

Logical address space is the address generated by the CPU during program execution, while
physical address space refers to the actual memory location in the main memory. The
operating system uses memory management techniques to map logical to physical
addresses.

10. 10) Mention any two advantages of demand paging scheme.

Demand paging reduces memory usage by loading only the required pages into memory,
rather than the entire program. This enables more programs to run simultaneously,
increasing the level of multiprogramming and overall system efficiency.

11. 11) What is Dynamic Loading?

Dynamic loading is a technique in which program modules or routines are loaded into
memory only when they are called during execution. This saves memory space and allows
programs to use memory more efficiently.

12. 12) Mention any four file operations.

The four basic file operations are: 1. Create – to make a new file, 2. Open – to access an
existing file, 3. Read – to retrieve data from a file, and 4. Write – to store data into a file.
These operations help users and programs manage data effectively.

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