ATLAS ALL SCALES

SIGNAL SYSTEM
Advanced
Signal
Guide

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857 / 908-851-2550 • www.atlasrr.com
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE #
The Atlas All Scales Signal System - Introduction....................................................................................................................................pg.3

Section 1 – A Tour of the USCB...............................................................................................................................................................................pg.3

FIGURE 1: Universal Signal Control Board Layout.................................................................................................................... pg.3
FIGURE 2: Automatic Block Signal System................................................................................................................................ pg.4
FIGURE 3: Modern Signal Heads................................................................................................................................................ pg.4
FIGURE 4: Header Blocks............................................................................................................................................................ pg.5
FIGURE 5: Connecting Power to the USCB................................................................................................................................. pg.6
FIGURE 6: Adding Additional Features With The “Dout” Connection...................................................................................... pg.8

Section 2 – Interconnecting USCBs – The Signal Logic “Bus”........................................................................................................pg.9

FIGURE 7: Interconnecting 2 Boards for the Addition of a Second Signal.............................................................................. pg.9

Section 3 – Signal Head Wiring Explained (And the DIY Kit 70 000 051).......................................................................pg.10
FIGURE 8: Connecting Heads via Mini Plug............................................................................................................................. pg.10

Section 4 – Manual Control Wiring Considerations..............................................................................................................................pg.11

FIGURE 9: Manual Control via the Atlas Selector (Item #215).............................................................................................. pg.11

Section 5 – Suggestions for Replicating Operations of Specific Prototype RRs...........................................................pg.13

Section 6 – Examples Of Common Track/Signal Setups...................................................................................................................pg.14

FIGURE 10: Advanced Signal Setting....................................................................................................................................... pg.14
FIGURE 11: Integrated One Direction Setup............................................................................................................................ pg.15
FIGURE 12: Integrated Bi-Directional Setup............................................................................................................................ pg.16

Section 7 – Special Considerations For 3-Rail Systems....................................................................................................................pg.17

FIGURE 13: Wiring An Atlas USCB With 3-Rail Track Block Detection................................................................................... pg.17
FIGURE 14: Approach Mode Wiring For Single Stand Alone Signal 3-Rail........................................................................... pg.18
FIGURE 15: Installing Multiple USCBs Using Integrated Mode In 3-Rail............................................................................... pg.19

Glossary....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................pg.20

References..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................pg.22

Product Matrix....................................................................................................................................................................................................................pg.23

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 2
 The Atlas All Scales Signal System - Introduction
Model railroad signaling is something which will greatly enhance the realism and operational interest
of your layout. It can be as simple as one fixed signal protecting a siding or stretch of single-track
mainline, or an integrated system of many signals controlling not only speed but route selection. The
Atlas All Scales Signal System is designed to address many prototypical situations that you can model,
and the purpose of this guide is to provide the technical information required to enable you to go
beyond installing a simple signal. This guide will help you plan and wire a complete signaling bus for
your layout. You can also find additional information, including our Basic Guide on our website at
www.atlasrr.com.

Section 1 – A Tour of the USCB

The Atlas Universal Signal Control Board, or USCB (Item # 70 000 046), is the heart of the Atlas signal
system. Its’ job is to translate what happens when a train is detected in a specified area, and display the
appropriate aspect color(s) on the visible signal based on the configuration settings and connectivity of
the board itself. In the QuickStart guide, you were introduced to the “jumper blocks” which configure
the operation of the USCB, and were instructed as to how to set JP2 for the electrical type of signal you
are using (common cathode or common anode). There are three additional jumper blocks that you can
set to tailor the operation to support prototypical behavior for different railroads and build a “network”
of signals. Please refer to Figure 1 for the locations of these jumpers.

FIGURE 1: Universal Signal Control Board Layout

DEFAULT
COMMON ANODE - COMMON CATHODE - JP1 1 + 2
(BLMA) (ORIG. ATLAS) JP3 1 + 2
JP4 1 + 2

DEFAULT FACTORY BOARD

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 3
JP4 controls the behavior and configuration of what are known as “blocks” of interconnected
signals. Covering pins 1-2 enables 2-block signal behavior, while covering pins 2-3 enables
3-block signal behavior. When connecting several Atlas SCBs together as shown in Section 2, the
resulting network replicates what is known as Absolute Block Signaling, or ABS. ABS is utilized
by the prototype to govern spacing and speed of trains traveling in the same direction on a track
by dividing the track into sections, or “blocks”. Block signals indicate whether the track ahead of
a train is “clear”, “occupied”, or some status in between. ABS was designed to protect trains from
being hit from behind, so a 2-block system updates the status of the block a train is in as well
as the block immediately behind its direction of travel. Similarly, a 3-block system provides the
status for the occupied block, and two blocks behind the train.

FIGURE 2: Automatic Block Signal System

A UTOM ATIC BLOCK SIGNA L SYSTEM (A BS)

2 BLOCK ASPECTS

BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6

2E 3E 4E 5E 6E

3 BLOCK ASPECTS

BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6

2E 4E 5E 6E
3E

On a model railroad, these blocks are created by identifying and isolating a section of track by
installing an appropriate detection circuit (optical, electrical DC, electrical DCC, etc.), or by
using manual control to trigger the SCB. Figures illustrating these options can be found in the
Appendix, the Quick Start Guide, and in Section 4.

Block status is communicated to a train through what is known as the aspect of a visual signal
head. A typical signal head is shown in Figure 3. This particular head has three lighted elements,
green, yellow, and red, arranged in what looks like an upside-down traffic signal.

FIGURE 3: Modern Signal Heads

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PAGE 4
If a block is occupied, a red aspect is displayed, which indicates stop. If a block is empty, a green
aspect is displayed, which indicates clear. If all USCBs in your system are set to 2-Block operation,
and are connected with Atlas interconnect cables (Item # 70 000 057-059) as shown in Section 2,
a third signal aspect is possible – the yellow aspect, which normally indicates approach, will light
in the block immediately behind the train and will stay yellow until the train moves into the next
block, when the signal will return to green, indicating clear.

If you set JP4 to enable 3-Block operation, this provides an additional signal aspect. This aspect
is presented differently by different railroads, and goes by a number of names and indications,
but it is normally shown by either flashing the yellow light or by illuminating a different light –
normally of a blue-white color known as “Lunar White”.

JP3 provides for selecting the prototype signal behavior for this additional aspect in 3 block
systems. This aspect is either set as Flashing Yellow (FY) by covering pins 1-2, or Lunar White
(LW) by covering pins 2-3. Flashing Yellow is supported by nearly all 3-color signal heads,
whereas a Lunar White aspect requires a signal head with appropriate LEDs and wiring to display
it. Please refer to the table in Section 3 for proper wiring of such a signal head. Inappropriate
setting of this jumper may be confusing, as a head wired without a Lunar White option (which
includes most commercial 3-color signal heads) will actually go dark during this part of the signal
cycle if JP3 covers pins 2-3. When in doubt, keep the jumper set on pins 1-2 for Flashing Yellow.

JP2 is set based on whether the attached signal is wired common cathode (cover pins 1-2) or
common anode (cover pins 2-3), and was discussed in the QuickStart guide.

JP1 enables what is known as “Approach Lighting”. On some prototype railroads, signals do not
remain lit all the time, but illuminate only when a train is close. Setting this jumper to cover pins
2-3 will duplicate this behavior for the attached signal. Leave the jumper on pins 1-2 to have the
signals illuminated all the time while powered up, as well as for general testing.

The USCB also has two screw terminal blocks, J4 and J5, shown in Figure 4.

FIGURE 4: Header Blocks

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These terminal blocks are used to provide connectivity to a power source to run the board and
attached signal, and also supply direct input and output control. The maximum size for a single
wire in the screw terminal pocket is 20 gauge (stranded), with 22 gauge solid conductor hookup
wire (or smaller) being a good choice for power feeds and simple connections. For applications
other than power wiring, 26-28 gauge communication cable wire, such as that found in telephone
or computer cable, is highly recommended. To connect multiple wires at a single pocket, combine
them first using an appropriate wire splice or tap, and run just a single wire to the post instead of
trying to insert several wires into the same pocket.

J4 is the power header, and either pair of COM and PWR terminals may be used to power up a
single board. Input power can be either AC or DC, 6-22V, such as that supplied from the (non-
variable) accessory terminals of a typical power pack. The COM terminal is the common, or
ground, and the PWR terminal is the “hot” or positive. In this manual, we will use Black wires
to indicate the common, or ground, and Red wires to indicate the hot or positive side. These
connections to an accessory power bus provide regulated 5V DC power to operate the board and
the attached signal head. For convenience, you can use the second set of terminals on J4 to “daisy
chain” multiple signal boards to a single power source, as shown in Figure 5.

FIGURE 5: Connecting Power to the USCB

INSTALLING POWER TO SIGNAL CONTROL BOARDS

USCB USCB
COM

COM
PWR
PWR
COM

COM
PWR
PWR

J4 J4

MULTIPLE CIRCUIT BOARDS

CAN BE “DAISY CHAINED”

CIRCUIT BOARDS WORK

WITH VOLTAGE INPUT OF
6- 22 VAC/DC
TRACK
ACC. OUTPUT
POWER

TYPICAL HOBBY
POWER SUPPLY

NOTE: THE ONBOARD LED WILL ILLUMINATE WHEN POWER IS APPLIED CORRECTLY

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PAGE 6
It is recommended to use a dedicated DC power supply for the signal system and detectors, and
not attach additional accessories such as layout lighting, sound, or animation circuits to this
power “bus”.

J5 is the input/output (or I/O) header. This block has connection points for wiring a detector, as
you saw in the QuickStart guide, for setting or over-riding signal head aspects directly, and for
providing outputs that can be used to drive panel LEDs or relays. Table 1 lists the I/O points and
functions.
Label Function
Rin Red Aspect Input
Dout Detector Out
Din Detector Input
Yin Yellow Aspect Input
FYin Flashing Yellow Aspect Input
Ain Approach Input
FGin Flashing Green Aspect Input

Table 1. J5 I/O Header Functions

The Aspect Inputs (R, Y, FY, FG) are triggered by shorting the appropriate port to ground (the
signal power bus / layout bus common), and will be discussed in detail in Section 4.

The Approach Input (Ain) port is utilized to enable approach mode lighting for cases when
connections between USCBs through cable jacks J1 and J2 are not used. See the Appendix or
the Quick Start Guide for more information about Approach Lighting and example wiring.

Din is the input port for the signal from a detector. Shorting this port to an appropriate ground
triggers the signal logic, and any selected detectors should operate in this fashion. The NCE-
BD20 is a typical current detection example that has been tested successfully for use in DCC
applications. As noted in the QuickStart guide, this input can also be controlled manually,
and together with the Aspect Inputs, can mimic a Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) signal
system as detailed in Section 4. For applications where the detector directly measures voltage
drop across the rails in DC layouts (for example, the original Atlas BDB, a “Twin T” circuit, or
similar) Din should utilize the layout bus common. See the Appendix for more information and
examples.

Dout is a detector output port used to drive optional accessories or circuits. The state of this
port tracks with the status of Din, and so can provide a direct indication of block occupancy,
through lighting of a panel LED, for example, as shown in Figure 6.

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PAGE 7
FIGURE 6

ADDING ADDITIONAL FEATURES WITH THE “DOUT” CONNECTION

J4

J1
COM
PWR
COM
PWR

2K SIGNAL ATTACHMENT
LED RESISTOR Rin CABLE 70-000-050
USCB

J3
Dout
Din
Yin 70 000 046
FYin
Ain
TO 5VDC FGin
POWER
J5

J2
THE “DOUT” FEATURE CAN BE
USED TO CONNECT OTHER
DEVICES SUCH AS LEDs ON
YOUR CONTROL PANEL GIVING
YOU A VISUAL INDICATION A
TRAIN IS OCCUPYING THE
BLOCK.

TRACK ACC.
POWER POWER

POWER
SUPPLY

It can also trigger a low power (less than 5V) relay to control switch machines, power cutoff
switches or similar. This output is capable of grounding up to 500mA of current with an
appropriate resistive load, but should not be driven by more than a 5V control signal.

Finally, there are three cable jacks on the USCB. J3 is an RJ45 format jack which connects a signal
head to the USCB through a special cable (Item # 70 000 050). The wiring of this cable and signal
heads is discussed in Section 3. Cable jacks J1 and J2 are RJ12 format, and are used to connect
USCBs together into block systems using Atlas USCB interconnect cables (Item #s 70 000 057-
59) as shown in Section 2. Atlas has extension cables and connectors available in a variety of
lengths to support any configuration you choose for the location of your USCBs or signal heads.
Please refer to the product matrix at the end of this document or on our website for current item
numbers.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 8
Section 2 – Interconnecting USCBs – the Signal Logic “Bus”
To integrate the operation of two or more signal control boards into logical blocks, you can easily
connect them together using Atlas USCB interconnect cables. Plug one end of the interconnect
cable into J1 of the first USCB and the other into J2 of the second USCB and so on as shown in
Figure 7.

FIGURE 7: Interconnecting 2 Boards for the Addition of a Second Signal

ADDING SECOND SIGNAL

ACC.
POWER 6-22VAC/DC
COM
AC
PWR

POWER SUPPLY

J4

J4
J5

J5
COM

COM
COM

COM
PWR

PWR
PWR

PWR
FGin
Ain

Dout

FGin
Ain

Dout
FYin
Yin
Din

FYin
Yin
Din
Rin

Rin
JP 3 JP 3

TRACK COM

JP 1

JP 1
DC PWR 1 2 3

1 2 3
POWER

3
2
1

3
2
1
JP 2

JP 2
2

2
3

1
USCB-1 USCB-2

JP 4

JP 4
70 000 060 70 000 046

1
2

2
J2

J2
J1

J1
J3

J3
INTERCONNECT CABLE
70 000 060
P1

P1
P2

P2 SIGNAL ATTACHMENT
BLOCK BLOCK SIGNAL ATTACHMENT CABLE 70 000 050
DETECTOR DETECTOR CABLE 70 000 050
S1 S2
1 2

BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2

INSULATED RAIL JOINERS

THIS WIRING PLAN CAN BE USED WHEN “CONVENTIONAL” OPERATION NON DCC
WIRING IS YOUR CHOICE. FOR DCC WIRING SUBSTITUTE CURRENT SENSING
DETECTORS AND FOLLOW THE WIRE PLAN USING THE NCE BD-20 TYPE DETECTORS OR
OEM DETECTORS OF YOUR CHOICE.

Connecting the boards in this fashion turns off the timed yellow aspect, since all signal aspects
are now controlled by the occupancy of the blocks ahead and behind the train(s). The exact
aspects available and displayed when a train is detected depend on the settings of JP4 and JP3,
and are summarized in Figure 10, on page 13. The table in Figure 10 assumes a single train is
detected in Block 1 (B1). The meanings for home lighting (+H in the table) and PRR center
status are discussed in Section 3.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 9
Section 3 – Signal Head Wiring Explained (and the DIY kit 70-000-051)
The Atlas USCB connects to signal heads through J3, which is an RJ45 format jack. When used
with an Atlas signal connection cable (Item # 70 000 050), any Atlas signal, regardless of scale,
can be attached by connecting the plug from the head to the proper mini plug (usually plug 1)
on the harness. Table 3 provides the relationship between pin number, wire color, and function
for the harness and signal connectors. This is also illustrated in Figure 8.

FIGURE 8: Connecting Heads via Mini Plug

6 6

DIY MINI PLUG #1 5 5

4 4
3 3

6 5 4 3
END VIEW HEAT SHRINK TUBING

8 8

DIY MINI PLUG #2

7 7
2 2
1
1

8 7 2 1
END VIEW

RJ 45
LOCKING TAB UP PLUG

1 8

RJ45 Pin # Wire Color Function Mini Plug

1 Grey Spare 2
2 Orange Home Light 2
3 Black Common / Ground 1
4 Red Red LED 1
5 Green Green / Flashing Green LED 1
6 Yellow Yellow / Flashing Yellow LED 1
7 Blue PRR Center Light 2
8 Brown Lunar White Light 2

Table 3. Pin Number / Wire Colors

To attach a third-party signal to the USCB through the connection cable, Atlas supplies a DIY kit
(Item # 70 000 051) with the appropriately sized / colored wire and mating mini plug for direct
attachment to the leads of the signal.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 10
You should use the table in Figure 8 and the documentation provided by the manufacturer of
your signal to attach the leads from the DIY kit to the wires of the signal appropriately for the
specific signal prototype and situation. The USCB has a 3.3 kΩ SMD resistor wired in series with
the output, so additional protection resistors may or may not be necessary for most signals. If
needed, they should be installed in line between the plug and the signal head as appropriate. The
voltage as supplied from the USCB is 5V DC at 25mA before passing through the hardwired 3.3k
resistor.

In addition to the Red, Green, Yellow, and Lunar White aspect functions you will notice the lines
labeled for PRR (line 7) and HOME (Line 2). The PRR function provides for a lit center LED to
properly replicate a PRR position light in an appropriate head, and is on by default for all aspects
when jumper JP3 covers pins 1-2 (FY mode). When JP3 covers pins 2-3 (LW mode), this function
is only on while the Green aspect is on. The HOME function provides a circuit for illuminating
a “home” signal light or additional LED for certain prototypes. When JP3 covers pins 1-2 (FY
mode), the HOME circuit is on for only the Green and Red aspects, and is on for only the Green
and Yellow aspects when JP3 covers pins 2-3 (LW mode). This is summarized by the Table above.
These options can be utilized in a variety of ways, such as providing for B&O signal marker lights
or adding extra lamps to a particular signal on the layout to modify the aspect appropriately for
the situation (such as changing a “stop” to a “stop and proceed” indication).

Section 4 – Manual Control Wiring Considerations

For this section, please refer to Figure 9, which illustrates a very convenient way to provide access
to all manual controls as described on page 10 for one USCB and signal head by using an Atlas
Selector (Item # 215).

FIGURE 9: Manual Control via the Atlas Selector (Item # 215)

A B C D

CONTROL PANEL BLOCK OCCUPANCY INDICATORS

BLK 2
BLK 1
BLK 3

USCB
2.2K RESISTOR 1/4W 70 000 046
TO “DOUT” USCB 1

TO “DOUT” USCB 2

TO “DOUT” USCB 3
LED
Dout
COM
PWR
COM

FYin

FGin
PWR

Din
Rin

Yin

Ain

J4 J5
6-22VAC/DC
12 VDC TO CONTROL PANEL

COMMON
TRACK ACC.
POWER POWER
S1 S2 S3 S 4

A A A A
POWER
SUPPLY
B B B B
ATLAS # 215
SELECTOR

Atlas 215 USCB Lamp

S1 Rin A
S2 Yin B
S3 FYin C
S4 FGin D

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Terminal block J5 contains 4 direct input lines which, when shorted directly to an appropriate
ground (signal bus / layout common), can be used to set or override the aspect displayed on an
attached signal. Setting the aspect of a signal in this fashion does not affect the state of Dout,
nor, in general, does it affect the status of other networked signals except as will be noted below.
This very powerful feature enables the advanced user to create a CTC (centralized traffic
control) type signaling system in order to implement full manual signal control for all or part of
the layout, or to simulate any number of special situations that may arise for their railroad. For
example, you can set an individual block signal to indicate a speed restriction even when the
block is unoccupied, which could replicate orders covering temporary track condition issues,
or this feature could be used to implement permanent governing rulebook limits for different
types of trackwork, such as mandatory slowdowns at the approach to a passenger terminal
ladder.

The exact behavior when using these inputs can be complex to understand, as it depends
on the state of Din / Dout as well as the block settings, FY/LW jumper settings, and USCB
interconnectivity. Below are a few examples to illustrate ways you can use these inputs, but
knowledge of general signalling practices, as well as those you want to incorporate for your
railroad will help to give you some idea of other applications. Feel free to experiment!

Simply put, in all cases, the manual input triggers will NOT override a more restrictive aspect
based on block, and if multiple manual inputs are concurrently set, the most restrictive aspect
will govern.

Setting a signal with any manual input immediately changes the aspect to the requested level.
Turning the manual aspect “off ” immediately causes the aspect to return to the current USCB
logic status (usually green if the block is unoccupied). There is no time delay between changes
like there is when running a signal in stand-alone mode. If, however, a signal is running through
a timer cycle or is influenced by occupancy in connected blocks, turning off a more restrictive
manual aspect will drop the signal to whatever the current automated logic status is.

For example, consider an interconnected signal system set for two block operation (R, Y, G aspects)
where the manual input for a block occupancy is set for Yin, perhaps indicating a temporary
slowdown to protect a work crew operating in the block. This signal will display a yellow aspect
which will stay yellow until cleared (turned off) by a dispatcher. If a detector input is attached,
and a train enters and is detected in the block at Din, the aspect for that USCB will turn red
regardless of the setting of the direct inputs – the block is occupied, and the more restrictive
aspect (red) is displayed. Anything controlled by Dout functions as expected due to the occupied
status of Din, and blocks behind the train operate in normal fashion. Once the train leaves the
block, the normal “fallback” cycle will commence UNTIL the setting for the manual input is
reached. In this example, the signal will return to and hold at yellow, and the prior block will
behave normally by returning to green. Once the temporary restriction is lifted, and the manual
input is turned off, the signal returns to normal operation, showing green for a clear block.

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Alternatively, if in the above example the manual input were instead set for FGin, Flashing Green,
and not Yin, as a train goes through the block, the signal would change from Red through Yellow
and stop at the Flashing Green aspect. Solid green would not be available until / unless the FGin
was cleared by the dispatcher, replicating proper prototype behavior.

Setting Rin with a manual input will illuminate the Red aspect of the attached signal. It will not
trigger accessories attached at Dout or influence the status of any interconnected USCB. This
could be used, for example, to replicate a situation where a train is required to stop and ask
permission from a dispatcher or tower operator to advance beyond the signal regardless of block
status. Upon receiving permission, Rin can then be turned off by the dispatcher and allow the
train to advance based on the resulting signal aspect. Once the train enters the block, the signal
will again turn red if Din is attached, and all connected blocks will update appropriately. If Dout
is controlling a panel LED to indicate occupancy, once the train clears the block and the LED
goes out, just as on the prototype the dispatcher or tower operator should remember to reset Rin
for the next train or face disciplinary action!

Setting the USCB to operate in 3-block mode not only provides access to the Flashing Yellow /
Lunar White aspect, but also enables the FYin manual input. The operational behavior of Yin
and FYin also depends on the setting of JP3. When JP3 is set to Flashing Yellow mode (pins 1-2
covered), Yin triggers the Yellow aspect, and FYin the Flashing Yellow aspect of a properly wired
signal, exactly as is labeled on the board. If, however, JP3 is in the Lunar White position, then
setting Yin illuminates the Lunar White aspect, and FYin the Yellow aspect. In this way, signal
behavior can be tailored to provide either more permissive (FY) or more restrictive (LW) aspect
orders based on the prototype situation, custom wiring of specific signal heads, or rulebook you
chose to model. Additionally, when in 3-block mode, setting Yin by manual input will trigger the
appropriate aspect for the prior block signal, if interconnected, unlike the behavior of the other
manual inputs which operate independently.

Section 5 – Suggestions for Replicating Operations of Specific Prototype RRs

Every prototype railroad has developed a set of rules governing the appearance, aspect, and
indication of signals to ensure safe and timely operation of trains across the system. Today
these rules can be found in general system rulebooks such as that for NORAC (Northeast
Operating Rules Advisory Committee) based railroads, or as special supplements to
consolidated rulebooks, such as the GCOR (General Consolidated Operating Rules), with
many now available online. There are also a number of sources for historical rulebooks and
signal aspects available to the model railroader, such as eBay or railroad historical societies, to
permit one to model any era or prototype to any level of detail, some of which are listed in the
References section of this manual.

By experimenting with jumper settings, using different signal heads, wiring custom heads, and
mixing manual and automated control of signals and blocks, many prototypes can be duplicated
easily in miniature with the Atlas All Scales Signal System components.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 13
Section 6 – EXAMPLES OF COMMON TRACK/SIGNAL SETUPS
FIGURE 10: Advanced Signal Setting
SETTING OPTION SWITCHES 2/3 BLOCK FY- FLASHING YELLOW/ LW-LUNAR WHITE

2/3BLK A
JP3
JP4
FY LW B4 B3 B2 B1

FLASHING
YELLOW

2/3BLK B
JP3
JP4
FY LW
B4 B1

2/3BLK C
JP3

JP4
FY LW
B3 B1

HOME/PILOT LAMP

FY - FLASHING
LW - LUNAR YELLOW
WHITE ASPECT
2/3BLK LW - LUNAR WHITE
JP3 D
JP4
H-HOME/PILOT
FY LW LAMP

B4 B1
R
O JP3 Mode JP4Mode Block Aspects ( B1 occupied) PRR Center
W FY/LW 2/3 Block B4 B3 B2 B1 Status
A FY 2 G (+H) Y R On all
B FY 3 G (+H) FY Y R(+H) On all
C LW 2 G (+H) Y(+H) R On all
D LW 3 G (+H) Y(+H) LW R On all

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 14
FIGURE 11: Integrated One Direction Setup

ONE DIRECTION INTEGRATED SIGNAL INSTALLATION

SCB INTERCONNECT CABLE
70-000-057,58,59

USCB ATLAS TO USCB 4

70-000-046
USCB USCB USCB USCB
FROM 4 3 2 1
USCB 1

2W
4W

3W

1W
BLOCK 4 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 1

WESTBOUND SIGNALS
1W

1 B

LO
K
OC

CK
WESTBOUND SIGNALS ATLAS SIGNAL
70-000-076
BL

4
4W
INSULATED RAIL MARK

W E

2W
2

BL
CK

OC
O
BL

K
3
3W

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 15
FIGURE 12: Integrated Bi-Directional Setup

ATLAS BI-DIRECTIONAL INTEGRATED SIGNAL SETUP

2E 1W
SCB INTERCONNECT CABLES ALL SIGNALS 70-000-078
70-000-057,58,59 ATLAS BI-DIRECTIONAL

TO 4W
USCB USCB
TO 3E
1W 2E

BLO
CK
1 2
TO 2E CK
O
BL

TO 1W

USCB
1E INSULATED USCB
RAIL MARK
2W
4W 3E
W E
1E 2W
USCB
USCB 3E
4W
4

TO 4E
CK

TO 3W
LO

BL
O
B

C
K
3

USCB USCB
TO 1E 4E 3W TO 2W

ATLAS USCB
70-000-046
3W 4E

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 16
Section 7 – SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR 3-RAIL SYSTEMS
FIGURE 13: Wiring An Atlas USCB With 3-Rail Track Block Detection

WIRING ATLAS USCB 70 000 046 WITH 3 RAIL TRACK

BLOCK DETECTION FOR 3 RAIL TRACK SYSTEMS

RAIL GAP INSULATED RAIL RAIL GAP

J5 J4

PWR
FGin

COM
PWR
COM
Dout
Ain

Din

Rin
FYin
Yin
USCB

70 000 046

J2 J3 J1

TRACK ACC.
POWER POWER

POWER
SUPPLY

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 17
FIGURE 14: Approach Mode Wiring For Single Stand Alone Signal 3-Rail

APPROACH MODE WIRING FOR SINGLE STAND ALONE SIGNAL 3 RAIL

BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3

S1

SIGNAL ATTACHMENT CABLE

70 000 050

J1 J3 J2
ENABLE JUMPER JP1 MOVING THE
SHORTING BAR OVER THE 2 PINS
APM CLOSEST TO THE CENER OF THE
JP1 CIRCUIT BOARD
INSULATED RAIL

INSULATED RAIL

INSULATED RAIL
POWER
TRACK

USCB
SUPPLY
POWER

70 000 046
Dout
COM
PWR
COM

FYin

FGin
PWR

Din
Rin

Yin

Ain
POWER
ACC.

J4 J5

6 -22 VAC/DC

* INSTALL 3 INSULATED RAIL CONNECTIONS AS SHOWN ABOVE.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 18
FIGURE 15: Installing Multiple USCBs Using Integrated Mode In 3-Rail

INSTALLING MULTIPLE USCB USING INTEGRATED MODE 3 RAIL

J5 J4 J5 J4 J5 J4 J5 J4
COM

COM

COM
COM
PWR

COM
PWR

COM
PWR
COM
PWR

PWR

PWR
COM
PWR
PWR
Ain

Din

Ain

Din

Ain

Din
FGin

Dout
Rin

FGin

Dout
Rin

FGin

Dout
Rin
Ain

Din
FYin
Yin

FYin
Yin

FYin
Yin
FGin

Dout
Rin
FYin
Yin
JP1 JP1 JP1 JP1

JP2 JP2 JP2 JP2

JP3

JP3

JP3
JP3
JP4 JP4 JP4 JP4
J2 USCB J1 J2 J1 J2 J1 J2 J1
70-000-046
J3 J3 J3 J3

SCB INTERCONNECT
CABLES 70 000 057-59

SIGNAL ATTACHMENT
CABLE 70 000 050

B4 B3 B2 B1

INSULATED RAIL
BLK 4 BLK 3 BLK 2 BLK 1

AC POWER TRACK POWER

6-22 VAC VARIABLE 0 - 18 VAC

AC AC

POWER SUPPLY

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 19
GLOSSARY
ABS (AUTOMATIC BLOCK SIGNALING) A system of interconnected signals controlled by
track circuits which is designed to indicate track condition or block occupancy in order to
protect trains from collision.

APPROACH LIGHTING Many modern railroads do not illuminate signal heads all the
time, but only turn the heads on when a train is nearby. This function is governed by block
occupancy as a train approaches and departs a block and its fixed signals.

ASPECT The visual information displayed on a signal head. This includes the number, color,
position, and state of lights or mechanical devices which make up a visible signal. The meaning
behind a specific aspect is known as the indication, and is specific to the rules of the railroad.

BLOCK A section of track with defined limits used to separate trains by distance in accordance
with a rulebook, train orders, and appropriate signals. A block may be of any length so as to
allow efficient traffic flow without compromising safe operation.

BUS A wiring system used to transfer data, information, or electrical current between nodes,
or between a source and devices which utilize the information or power. In model railroading,
a power bus is usually a pair of heavy gauge wires extending from the power source around
the layout, to which smaller gauge “feeder” wires are connected to transfer power to the rails.
Having separate buses for layout power, accessory power, and signal power is a common
practice employed to isolate electrical issues. The Atlas All Scales Signal System utilizes a
communications “bus” to interconnect signal control boards together with special cables.

CTC (CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL) A remotely controlled system which enables

a tower operator or dispatcher to define and direct operations over the tracks by signal
indication. The operator may control any combination of the aspects of signals, the position
of switches, and the setup of routes from a single location either close to or far away from the
actual trackwork.

DETECTOR / DETECTION In model railroading, a way of determining and communicating

the location of a train. The exact method of detection can include voltage drop in DC circuits,
current sensing in DCC, or optical methods. Any method of detection is acceptable in the
Atlas All Scales Signal System, provided that the detector circuit provides an output which
shorts to appropriate ground (layout common or signal bus common).

DISPATCHER A railroad employee charged with generating movement orders, resolving

movement conflicts, and providing operational guidance to all trains within a specified division
or zone so that safe adherence to a timetable is maintained. Depending on prototype and era,
a dispatcher may operate under timetable and train order (TTO) protocols, radiotelephone
communication, or through Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) to authorize the movement of
trains.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 20
GLOSSARY
HEAD The actual part of a signal which conveys information, located so that the train crew can
easily see and identify the aspect displayed.

INDICATION The actual interpretation and operational result communicated by a signal aspect
as defined by the rulebook of the governing railroad. For example, a red aspect may indicate
an absolute stop, or stop and proceed depending on the rulebook or other devices affixed to the
signal.

MAST The post or support for a signal head. A mast may also include signs or additional
features or attachments which may modify or clarify the aspect displayed on the signal head.

RJ (REGISTERED JACK) 12, 45 A standardized network telecommunication interface for

connecting voice or data equipment and cabling together. While specifications exist for the
exact wiring patterns employed for each of the RJ types, the “RJ” shorthand is frequently used
to refer to the specific number of pins and connections in the jack/plug. In this manual, RJ12
stands for a 6 pin, 6 connector (6P6C) plug, wired as shown in the text, and an RJ45 is an 8P8C
plug. It is important that the RJ45 plugs used are not keyed (as per the proper RJ specification),
but are those commonly used in computer networking for CAT5 or CAT6 panels.

RULEBOOK A detailed set of rules and regulations governing the operations of a railroad and
its employees. Older prototype rulebooks usually include information on all the signal systems
and types used by the railroad, including aspects, names, and indications. Rulebooks usually
do not include track configurations, tower lists, or interlocking plant detail, but do cover
train orders and even job descriptions for certain groups of employees. Good sources for old
prototype rulebooks include: train shows / swap meets, historical societies, online scans, Ebay,
etc.

SIGNAL Technically, a signal is anything used by a railroad to control railroad operations,

and can be sounds (such as the familiar grade crossing whistle), lights, signs, gestures by crew
personnel, or symbols that are understood by train crews operating a train over the tracks. A
fixed signal (also known as a wayside signal) is normally a signal head or grouping of heads on
a mast or other structure used to communicate an aspect to a train crew in order to govern the
operation of their train in a safe manner.

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 21
REFERENCES
Online Sources of Information

GCOR: http://1405.utu.org/Files/%5B4886%5DBNSF-GCOR%202011-08-01_gcor_updated.pdf
NORAC: http://www.hubdiv.org/docs/signaling/NORAC.pdf

Several Common Aspect Tables: https://www.railroadsignals.us/rulebooks/ALLaspects.pdf

Additional (unofficial) Aspects Tables: http://signals.jovet.net/rules/index.html

Overview including some Canadian Practice: http://dougkerr.net/Pumpkin/articles/Rail_signal_

aspects.pdf

Books

Solomon, B. (2010). Railroad Signaling. Minneapolis, MN: Voyageur Press

Josserand, P. (1957). Rights of Trains, Ed. 5. New York, NY: Simmons-Boardman Publishing
Group

Phillips, E. J. (1942). Railroad Operation and Railway Signaling. New York, NY:
Simmons-Boardman Publishing Group

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 22
 PRODUCT MATRIX

ITEM DESCRIPTION

ALL SCALES SIGNAL BOARDS & ACCESSORIES

70 000 046 Universal Signal Control Board (USCB)
70 000 047 Interlock Control Module - Coming Late 2019
70 000 050 Signal Attachment Cable
70 000 051 Signal Attachment Cable, dual 4-pin harness DIY set
70 000 052 Signal Extension Cable, short (12” long)
70 000 053 Signal Extension Cable, medium (60” long)
70 000 054 Signal Extension Cable, long (72” long)
70 000 057 SCB Interconnect Cable, short (7’ long)
70 000 058 SCB Interconnect Cable, medium (15’ long)
70 000 059 SCB Interconnect Cable, long (25’ long)
70 000 060 SCB Interconnect Cable Connector

N SCALE SIGNALS
70 000 143 N Starter Set (inclu. 1- 70 000 102, 1- 70 000 046, 1- 70 000 050)
70 000 102 N Signal, Type G, Single Head
70 000 103 N Signal, Type G, Double Head
70 000 104 N Signal, Type G, Bidrectional

HO SCALE SIGNALS
70 000 142 HO Starter Set (inclu. 1- 70 000 076, 1- 70 000 046, 1- 70 000 050)
70 000 076 HO Signal, Type G, Single Head
70 000 077 HO Signal, Type G, Double Head
70 000 078 HO Signal, Type G, Bidrectional
70 000 094 HO Signal, Hooded Modern, Single Head, LH
70 000 095 HO Signal, Hooded Modern, Single Head, RH
70 000 096 HO Signal, Hooded Modern, Double Head, LH
70 000 097 HO Signal, Hooded Modern, Double Head, RH
70 000 098 HO Signal, Modern Cantilever Bridge, 2 Track, 4 Head, LH
70 000 099 HO Signal, Modern Cantilever Bridge, 2 Track, 4 Head, RH
70 000 100 HO Signal, Modern Bridge, 3 Track, 6 Head
70 000 101 HO Signal, Hooded Modern, Head Only (pr)

O SCALE SIGNALS
70 000 141 O Starter Set (inclu. 1- 70 000 068, 1- 70 000 046, 1- 70 000 050)
70 000 056 O Signal Attachment Cable Compatibility Connector
70 000 064 O Signal, Color Position Light, Single Head
70 000 066 O Signal, PRR Position Light, Single Head
70 000 068 O Signal, Type G, Single Head
70 000 070 O Signal, Type SA, Single Head
70 000 072 O Signal, Dwarf / Turnout Indicator

Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 23
Atlas Model Railroad Co., Inc. • 378 Florence Ave., Hillside, NJ 07205 • USA • ph: 908-687-0880 • fax: 908-687-8857/908-851-2550 • shop.atlasrr.com
PAGE 24