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The document discusses various international agreements and initiatives, including a new pandemic preparedness treaty requiring firms to share pandemic tools with WHO, the 150th anniversary of the Metre Convention establishing global measurement standards, and the Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine promoting traditional healthcare practices. It also covers India's recent military actions under self-defense as per international law, highlighting the complexities of the UN Charter regarding the use of force. Overall, it emphasizes global cooperation in health and legal frameworks while addressing India's evolving role in these areas.

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14 views1 page

m5

The document discusses various international agreements and initiatives, including a new pandemic preparedness treaty requiring firms to share pandemic tools with WHO, the 150th anniversary of the Metre Convention establishing global measurement standards, and the Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine promoting traditional healthcare practices. It also covers India's recent military actions under self-defense as per international law, highlighting the complexities of the UN Charter regarding the use of force. Overall, it emphasizes global cooperation in health and legal frameworks while addressing India's evolving role in these areas.

Uploaded by

savita137sharna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Notes By Civilsdaily IAS- MAY 2025 Pg.

11

• I t promotes cooperation among countries, WHO, pharma companies, civil soci-


ety, and will be ratified after 60 countries approve; final annex due by May 2026.
• A key feature is the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing (PABS) system—firms must
give 20% of pandemic tools to WHO (10% free, 10% at affordable cost).
• The Global Supply Chain and Logistics Network (GSCL) will coordinate ac-
cess to emergency supplies during global outbreaks.
• A Coordinating Financial Mechanism will fund pandemic preparedness and assist countries during health emergencies.
• I t promotes local production, tech transfer, and licensing sup-
port through WHO hubs to build developing country capacity.
• W hile it enhances surveillance, early detection, and addresses AMR and zoonot-
ic threats, countries retain sovereignty over national pandemic policies.
Coronavirus – Health and Governance Issues

2. 150 Years of Metre Convention:


• O n May 20, 2025, the Department of Consumer Affairs celebrated World Metrolo-
gy Day, marking 150 years since the Metre Convention was signed in Paris (1875).
• M etre Convention (Treaty of the Metre) aimed to establish a global system of standardised measurements.
• I t was signed by 17 founding nations, including France, USA, Russia, Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Brazil.
• T he treaty created the BIPM (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) and its governing bodies CGPM and CIPM.
• Early outcomes included international prototypes of the metre and kilogram, distributed to member states for calibration.
• The 1921 revision extended the Convention to all physical quantities, form-
ing the foundation of the SI (International System of Units).
• Today, the treaty has 64 member states (as of 2024) and collaborates with bod-
ies like IAEA, WMO, ESA, under the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement.
• India joined in 1957 after enacting the Standards of Weights and Mea-
sures Act, 1956, ensuring global recognition of Indian standards.
• Recently, India became the 13th country authorised to issue OIML cer-
tificates, enhancing its role in global legal metrology.

3. Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine (GFTM):


• 6 th Meeting of GFTM was hosted by India’s Permanent Mission in Geneva.
• GFTM is an informal WHO-affiliated platform launched by India in May
2023 to promote global cooperation on traditional medicine.
• It supports the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034, empha-
sizing integration, research, and knowledge exchange.
• GFTM meetings focus on policy development, capacity building, and scientific validation of traditional systems.
• It contributes to key events like the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Summit and World Health Assembly
• India’s National AYUSH Mission (NAM) promotes Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopa-
thy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy through infrastructure and education.
• Initiatives include setting up Ayush Arogya Mandirs, and expanding insurance coverage for AYUSH treatments.
• Research partnerships with DBT, DST, ICMR, and CSIR use AI, genomics, and bioinformatics to enhance credibility.
Health Sector – UHC, National Health Policy, Family Planning, Health Insurance, etc.

4. Self-Defence Clause in Global Law:


• I ndia and Pakistan agreed to cease all hostilities after India launched pre-
cision strikes under Operation Sindoor in self-defence.
• U N Charter (Article 2(4)) generally prohibits force, but Article 51 permits self-defence if an armed attack occurs.
• A s per ICJ in Nicaragua v. U.S. (1986), self-defence is valid only against grave
armed attacks, and must meet necessity and proportionality
• U nder Article 51, states must immediately notify the UN Security Coun-
cil; India briefed 13 of 15 UNSC members on May 8, 2025.
• I ndia’s May 7 missile strike was termed a “measured response”, imply-
ing invocation of Article 51, though not explicitly stated.
• T he ‘Unwilling or Unable’ doctrine allows force against non-state actors in another state’s territory if that state fails to act.
• I t was invoked by the US in 2011 (bin Laden raid) and 2014 (ISIS strikes in Syr-
ia); critics include Russia, China, and Mexico.
• At a 2021 UNSC Arria Formula meeting, India laid 3 conditions: repeated at-
tacks, host state’s inaction, and active support to terrorists.

Civilsdaily IAS, 1 LGF, Apsara Arcade, Pusa Road, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi - 110060 (INDIA)
Tel: +91 73033 16700 Mail: [email protected]

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