ENM 331 A - NUMERICALS METHODS AND ANALYSIS

MWF (5:30-7:30 PM)

CASE STUDY
& Other Requirements

SUBMITTED BY:
DE VEYRA, JOHN ANTHONY B.
BSCE - III

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR./ENP. IRISMAY T. JUMAWAN, PH.D.

JANUARY 2025
ENM 331 A - NUMERICALS METHODS AND ANALYSIS
MWF (5:30-7:30 PM)

CASE STUDY
& Other Requirements

SUBMITTED BY:
CASIL, KAYE P.
BSCE - III

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR./ENP. IRISMAY T. JUMAWAN, PH.D.

JANUARY 2025
APPENDICES
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Case Title Due Date Date Page Signature Score

Study # Submitted #
I Analysis of a Statically 01-10-25 11-29-24 1

Determinate Truss I

II Analysis of a Statically 01-10-25 11-29-24 4

Determinate Truss II
III Number of Cement for each 01-10-25 11-29-24 13

Mixtures of Concrete
IV Number of Transistors, 01-10-25 11-29-24 15

Resistors, and Computer

Chips to be Manufactured
V Circle 01-10-25 11-29-24 17

VI Contractors 01-10-25 11-29-24 20

VII Analysis of a Statically 01-10-25 11-29-24 21

Determinate Truss 3
VIII Electrical Components 01-10-25 11-29-24 38

IX Trapezoidal Channel 01-10-25 01-06-25 40

X Pressure Drop in a 01-10-25 01-06-25 43

Section Pipe
XI Maximum Deflection of a 01-10-25 01-06-25 46

Uniform Beam
XII Slope of a Simply-Supported 01-10-25 01-06-25 49
 Beam
APPENDICES

A. Numerical Differentiation

1. Finite Difference Methods- Forward, Backward, and Central Difference formulae 52

2. Derivatives for Noisy Data: 60

B. Numerical Integration

1. Euler 64

2. Trapezoidal 68

3. Simpson 72

4. Gaussian Quadrature 75

C. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: Initial Value Problems

1. Euler's Explicit Method 80

2. Modified Euler’s Method Midpoint Method 83

3. Runge-Kutta Method (2nd, 3rd, and 4th order methods) 87

4. Modified Euler’s Predictor-Corrector Method 91

D. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: Boundary-Value Problems

1. Shooting Method 94

2. Finite Difference 100

REFERENCES 103
 I. CASE STUDY 1: ANALYSIS OF A STATICALLY DETERMINATE
TRUSS I

An important problem in structural engineering is that of finding the forces and

reactions associated with a statically determinate truss. Figure 12.4 shows an example of
such a truss.
The forces (F) represent either tension or compression on the members of the truss.
External reactions (H2, V2, and V3) are forces that characterize how the truss interacts
with the supporting surface. The hinge at node 2 can transmit both horizontal and vertical
forces to the surface, whereas the roller at node 3 transmits only vertical forces. It is
observed that the effect of the external loading of 1000 lb is distributed among the
various members of the truss.

@ Node 1: @ Node 2: @ Node 3:

∑F x = 0 ∑F x = 0 ∑F x = 0

0 = - F1 cos30 + F3 cos60 0 = H2 + F2 + F1 cos30 0 = - F2 - F3 cos60

∑F y = 0 ∑F y = 0 ∑F y = 0

0 = - 1000 - F1 sin30 - F3 sin60 0 = V2 + F1 sin30 0 = V3 + F3 sin60

 [ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3
PIVOT
m21 =√ 3/3
m31 = -1
m41 = -√ 3/3
Eliminate F1: m51 = 0
m61 = 0
[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3

[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3

PIVOT
m32 = 0
m42 = 0
Eliminate F2: m52 = 1
m62 = 0
[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3

PIVOT
Eliminate F3: m43 = -1/4

[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3
m53 = 0
m63 = -3/ 4

[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3

[ F F F H V V − √❑❑ ]
1 2 3 2 2 3
PIVOT
m54 = 0
m64 = 0

Back Substitution:

V3 = 750 lb ↑ F2 + 1/2F3 + H2 = 0
F2 +1/2(866.025) + (0) = 0
F2 = 433.013 ( T )
V2 = 250 lb ↑

-√ 3/2F1 + 1/2F3 = 0
H2 = 0 -√ 3/2F1 + 1/2(866.025) = 0
F1 = - 499.999 lb

-2√ 3/3F3 = 1000 F1 ≈ 500 lb ( C )

F3 = 866.025 lb ( C )
I.

IV. CASE STUDY 4 : NO. OF TRANSISTORS, RESISTORS, & COMPUTER

CHIPS TO BE MANUFACTURED

11.18) An electronics company produces transistors, resistors, and computer chips. Each
transistor requires four units of copper, one unit of zinc, and two units of glass. Each
resistor requires three, three, and one units of the three materials, respectively, and each
computer chip requires two, one, and three units of these materials, respectively. Putting
this information into table form, we get:
Component Copper Zinc Glass
Transistors 4 1 2
Resistors 3 3 1
Computer Chips 2 1 3

Supplies of these materials vary from week to week, so the company needs to determine a
different production run each week. For example, one week the total amounts of
materials available are 960 units of copper, 510 units of zinc, and 610 units of glass. Set
up the system of equations modeling the production run, and use Excel, MATLAB, or
Mathcad, to solve for the number of transistors, resistors, and computer chips to be
manufactured this week.

Let x1 = # of transistors to be produced Equation 1 : 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 960

Let x2 = # of resistors to be produced Equation 2 : x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 510

Let x3 = # of computer chips to be produced Equation 3 : 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 610

Matrix Form

A X B

[ ][ ] [ ]
4 3 2 x1 960
1 3 1 x 2 = 510
2 1 3 x3 610
Augmented Matrix

[ x1 x 2 x 3 4 3 21 3 1 21 3∨B 960 510 610]

PIVOT
m21 = 1/4
[ x1 x 2 x 3 4 3 2 0 9/4 1 /2 0m−1 /22/4
31 = 2∨B 960 270 130]
= 1/2

PIVOT
m32 = -2/9
[ x1 x 2 x 3 4 3 2 0 9/4 1 /2 0 0 19/9∨B 960270 190 ]

Back Substitution: Checking:

Equation 1:
19/9x3 = 190 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 960
x3 = 90 4(120) + 3(100) + 2(90) = 960
960 = 960

9/4x2 + 1/2x3 = 270 Equation 2:

9/4x2 + 1/2(90) = 270
x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 510
x2 = 100 + 3(100) + (90) = 510
510 = 510
4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 960 Equation 3:
4x1 + 3(100) + 2(90) = 960
x1 = 120 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 610
2(120) + (100) + 3(90) = 610
610 = 610

Therefore, there should be 120 transistors, 100 resistors, and 90 computer chips
production in the company.
VIII. CASE STUDY 8 : ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

12.26) An electrical engineer supervises the production of three types of electrical

components. Three kinds of material—metal, plastic, and rubber—are required for
production. The amounts needed to produce each component are:
Component Metal, Plastic, Rubber,
g/component g/component g/component
1 15 0.30 1.0
2 17 0.40 1.2
3 19 0.55 1.5

If totals of 3.89, 0.095, and 0.282 kg of metal, plastic, and rubber, respectively, are
available each day, how many components can be produced per day?
Convert kg to g :

3.89 kg = 3890 g Let x1 = component 1 Equation 1 : 15x1 + 17x2 + 19x3 = 3890

0.095 kg = 95 g Let x2 = component 2 Equation 2 : 0.3x1 + 0.4x2 + 0.55x3 = 95
0.282 kg = 282 g Let x3 = component 3 Equation 3 : x1 + 1.2x2 + 1.5x3 = 282

Matrix Form

AX = B

[ 15 17 190.3 0.4 0.55 11.2 1.5 ] [ x 1 x2 x 3 ]=[ 3890 95 282 ]

Augmented Matrix

[ x1 x 2 x 3 15 17 19 0.3 0.4 0.55 1 1.21.5∨B3890 95 282]

PIVOT
m21 = 0.3/15
[ x1 x 2 x 3 15 17 19 0 3/50 17/100m310 = 1/15
1/15 7/30∨B 3890 86 /5 68 /3 ]

PIVOT 3890 86 /532 /9]

[ x1 x 2 x 3 15 17 19 0 3/50 17/100 0 0 2/45∨B
m31 = 1/15 / 3/50 = 10/9
Back Substitution:

2/45x3 = 32/9

x3 = 80

3/50x2 + 17/100x3 = 86/5

3/50x2 + 17/100(80) = 86/5
x2 = 60

15x1 + 17x2 + 19x3 = 3890

15x1 + 17(60) + 19(80) = 3890

x1 = 90

Checking:

Equation 1:
15x1 + 17x2 + 19x3 = 3890
15(90) + 17(60) + 19(80) = 3890
3890 = 3890

Equation 2:

0.3x1 + 0.4x2 + 0.55x3 = 95

0.3(90) + 0.4(60) + 0.55(80) = 95
95 = 95

Equation 3:

x1 + 1.2x2 + 1.5x3 = 282

+ 1.2(60) + 1.5(80) = 282
282 = 282

Therefore, there should be 90 pieces for component 1, 60 pieces for component 2, and 80
pieces for component 3 that can be produced per day.