Art and Technology:

Cinema
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FI NI
 Overview
This lesson discusses the immense contribution of
technology to art specifically to cinema. It presents the
nature of cinema as integration of various forms of art and
its aspects that require technological application. The
students are expected to put interest not only in the theme
and genre of films they watch but also in the complexity of
technology behind the screen to produce a beautiful film.
 Learning Objectives
1 Determine how technological advancement aids film
production
Analyze how the elements of cinema are arranged to
2
produce a good film

Acknowledge the contributed talents and expertise of

3
the people behind the camera or behind the scenes
 Cinema
Cinema is one of the fruits of humans’ endless quest for
advancement and exploration.
known as “motion picture” or the “art of moving images”
when it was introduced in the 19th century
(www.elementsofcinema.com).
Movement is the most essential element of cinema. (It makes
cinema a “time art” and also called a “space art” where in
images or movements are projected on a screen).
 The Cinema Production
it demands involvement of people with specific skills
for specialized tasks (scriptwriter, actor/actress,
director, cinematographer, sound and production
designer, etc.), time coordination, selection of
location for the scenes, big budget, and other
necessary factors (Ramirez, Leynes, and Fajardo,
2008).
 The Cinema Production
Pre-production stage - is the planning and
preparation phase in filmmaking that takes place
after the script is finalized but before actual filiming
begins.
Production stage - is when the film is physically created
by recording all the planned scences, turning the script
and pre-production plans into actual moving images.
 The Cinema Production
Post-production stage - is the final phase filmmaking
that begins after the filming (production) is
completed.
Cinema and Technology:
TOOLS/TECHNIQUES APPLIED
IN FILMMAKING

Motion Picture Camera

Animation Techniques
Computer Generated Imagery
Sound Design:
 Two kinds of sound in
cinema:
Diegetic sounds – These include sounds heard by
at least one character in the story
Non-diegetic sounds – These are sounds that are
not present in the story world like music, which
enhance or create moods or to explain things.
 Two types of diegetic
sound:
a. External diegetic sounds – These are sounds created by
the objects in the
story that make the scene realistic such as noise, voice, and
music.
b. Internal diegetic sounds – These are sounds heard by only
one character in
the story which usually comes from the imagination.
ON-SCREEN SOUNDS - These come from the source that is visible on
the screen.
OFF-SCREEN SOUNDS – These are sounds whose source is invisible
on the screen.
SYNCHRONOUS SOUNDS -These are sounds that match the source
and its movements.
NON-SYNCHRONOUS SOUNDS - These are sounds that do not
match the source and its movements.
 CINEMATOGRAPHY
Is the art of motion picture photography, encompassing
all visual elements on screen in a film or TV show. It
involves techniques like lighting, framing, camera angles,
and the use of lenses, filters, and film stock to tell a visual
story. Essentially, cinematography is about how a film
looks and how that visual presentation contributes to the
narrative and emotional impact of the story.
 PHOTOGRAPHIC QUALITY

• The effect of the film material and the amount of light

exposure it receive. It determines the focus, touch
quality, color intensity, and picture values.
 FRAMING

• It is the position of the camera in relation to the subject

and its side or angle. Framing angles come in different
forms
 Eye-level angle shot

creates a sense of equality

between the subject and the
viewer as if they are at the
same subject and looking at
each other,
 High-angle shot

positions the camera and

viewer above the subject,
looking down.
 Low-angle shot

• positions the camera

below the subject, looking
up.
 Canted frame

also known as a Dutch

angle shot, is a camera
technique where the
camera is tilted, creating
a skewed perspective.
 DISTANCE

It is the space interval between the camera and

the subject. There are several distances used
 Extreme long shot

shows the subject as a

very small figure on
screen.
 Long shot

shows the subject from

head to toe, with a
significant portion of the
background visible.
 Medium shot

shows the subject from

the knee up.
 Medium close-up

shows the part of the

torso and the whole
face.
 Close-up shot

shows that the whole

face occupies the
screen
 Extreme close-up

gives undivided
attention to features or
things smaller than a
face.
 MOVEMENT
is the frame's movement as a result of the camera's
activity. Panning or tilting that simulates the head
turning laterally or nodding up and down are examples
of axial movement. It can also be rolling, which uses the
tip of the nose as an axis to simulate the head moving
side to side.
 RATE OF RECORDING OR
PROJECTION SPEED

It controls the movement of images.

a. Slow motion is moving of images slower than the normal by

recording the image fast and projecting it at a normal or slower rate.
b. Fast motion is achieved when the image is recorded at a slower
rate than 24 frames per second and projected at normal or faster
rate.
Editing:
 Editing
Editing is the process of selecting the best footages taken
and putting them together to achieve a rhythmic flow of
movie.
 Types of Editing
Techniques
A. Temporal Match -Ensures that events follow the correct
timeline, with flashbacks or flashforwards introduced clearly.
Continuity Editing -Creates smooth, logical flow between
shots.
Match-on-Action-Shows one action from multiple angles,
appearing seamless.
Non-continuity editing – It is editing of shots while
disregarding the smooth flow of transition..
 Types of Editing
Techniques
B.Eliptical Editing -Skips over time to move quickly in the story.
Montage – Unrelated shots are put together to create a third
meaning
Jump Shot-Creates sudden jumps in time or space, making
the editing obvious.
Spatial Match -Maintains the direction and space in a scene
Parallel Editing (Cross-cutting)- Shows two different events
happening at the same time.
Graphic match – It is the use of similar objects in at least two
consecutive shots.
 Types of Editing
Techniques
C.Superimposition- Two or more images are layered in one
frame.
D.Shot Overlaps-Same action is repeated from different angles
to show emphasis.
 Transitions in Cinema
Cut-Quick switch from one shot to another.
Fade- slowly turns black/white between scenes.
Dissolve-one image fades into another.
Wipe- second images slides over the first.
Iris- circular frame opens or closes the scene.
Thank You
by Group 8

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