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The document covers the processes of pollination and fertilization, including multiple choice questions, short answers, and explanations of key terms. It discusses characteristics of self-pollinated flowers, the role of various pollination agents, and the changes that occur in plant structures after fertilization. Additionally, it outlines the advantages and disadvantages of cross-pollination and the functions of different flower parts in the reproductive process.

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8 views6 pages

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The document covers the processes of pollination and fertilization, including multiple choice questions, short answers, and explanations of key terms. It discusses characteristics of self-pollinated flowers, the role of various pollination agents, and the changes that occur in plant structures after fertilization. Additionally, it outlines the advantages and disadvantages of cross-pollination and the functions of different flower parts in the reproductive process.

Uploaded by

skzeeshanali56
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER5 POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION

A. Multiple Choice Type

Q.1. Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of self-pollinated flower?

a) Flowers are large and showy


b) Flower remain closed and do not open
c) Stigma and anthers mature at the same time
d) Pollen is produced in very large quantities

Ans. (c) Stigma and anthers mature at the same time

Q.2. Exine and intine are the part of

(a) Embryo sac, (b) Pollen grain (c) Stigma, (d) Seed

Ans. (b) Pollen grain

B. Very Short Answer Type

Q.1 State the name of the chief pollination agent against the corresponding plant by
choosing from those given in brackets.

a) Dahlia ………………. (Crow, butterflies, mosquito).


b) Maize ……………….. (Bees, locusts, rain, winds).
c) Vallisneria ………….. (Wind, water, ants, rabbits).

Ans. (a) Butterflies (b) wind (c) water.

Q.2. Match the items in column A with those in column B.

Column A Column B

a) Generative nucleus (i) Pollen tube


b) Germ pore (ii) Endosperm nucleus
c) Exine (iii) Testa
d) Secondary nucleus (iv) Fertilization
e) Integument (v) Male nuclei
f) Egg nucleus (vi) Rough

Ans. (a) Male nuclei, (b) Pollen tube, (c) Rough,

(d) Endosperms nucleus, (e) Testa, (f) Fertilization.


Q.3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

a) Transference of pollen grain from anthers to stigma of the same flower is called ………
b) Different timing for maturation of gynoecium and androecium, is called …………
c) ……….. is a water-pollinated flower.

Ans. (a) autogamy (b) dichogamy (c) vallisneia.

Q.4 Name the parts of the ovary which give rise to:

(a) Seed ………… (b) Fruit ………….

(c) Fruit wall ……….

Ans. (a) Seed – Ovules (b) Fruit – Ovary

(c) Fruit wall – Ovarian wall.

Q.5 Give one word/ terms for the followings:

a) A flower containing both male and female part.


b) Arrangement of flowers on a twig/stem.
c) When pollen grain of a flower reach the stigma of the same flower.
d) When maturation time of reproductive parts in a flowers is different.
e) When stigma and anthers do not grow up to same height, which favours only cross
pollination.
f) Pollination of flowers by insects.
g) Pollination of flowers by birds.

Ans. (a) bisexual (b) Inflorescence (c) Self-pollination (d) Dichogamy,

(e) Heterostyly, (f) Entomophily (g) Omithophily.

C. Short Answer Type

Q.1. Explain the following terms:

(a) Ornithophily. (b) Elephophily. (c) Artificial pollination.

Ans. (a) Ornthophyil – Pollination affected by birds.

(b) Elephophily – Pollination affected by elephants.

(c) Artificial Pollination – Pollination affected by man through artificial means


Q.2 What happens to the following after fertilization?

(a) Ovules (b) Calyx (c) Petals (d) Stamens

Ans. (a) Ovules – Seed

(b) Calyx – falls of a remains intact in a dried and shriveled from.

(c) Petals – fall off (d) Stamens – falls off.

Q.3. Mention any two contrivances in flowers which favour cross-pollination.

Ans. 1. Unisexuality

2. Different timing of maturation of androecium andgynocium.

3. Self – sterility.

4. Structural barriers e.g. pansy flowers.

D. Long Answer Type

Q.1 What are the advantages of the following in the flowers to the plants concerned?

(a) Long and feathery stigma. (b) Brightly coloured petals,

(c) Smooth and light pollen, (d) Protruding and easily movable anthers,

(e) Fragrant nectar

Ans. (a) Long and feathery sigma help to trap the pollen-grains in wind- pollination.

b) Attraction for inserts for cross-pollination.

c) Easily carried by wind to enable cross-pollination.

d) So that the slightest wind may move them.

e) Attraction for insects.

Q.2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of cross-pollination to the plant.

Ans. (a) Advantages of cross-pollination

1. The offspring are healthier


2. The seeds produced are abundant and viable.
3. New varieties of same species.
(b) Disadvantages of cross-pollination.

1. Pollination is not always certain.


2. The pollen has to be produced in large quantity.
3. The process is uneconomical for the plant because the flowers have to be larger,
coloured, scented and have to produce nectar for attracting pollinating agents.

E. Structure / Application / Skill Type

Q.1. What is the function of the pollen tube? Exp[lain it with the help of a diagram.

Ans. Pollen tube grows out of the pollen-grains by breaking through its exine. The pollen tube
grows through the stigma and the style by dissolving the tissue with the help of enzymes
and reaches the ovary where it enters the ovule the through a minute pore called the
microply.

Q.2. Given alongside is a diagrammatic sketch of the sectional view of a germinating pollen
grain.

Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

a) Name the parts labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.


b) Where does the germination of the pollen grain takes place and how?
c) What is the function of the part labeled ‘4’?
d) What happens to the part labeled ‘5’ during the process?

Ans.

a) (i) Exine, (ii) Intine, (ii) Pollen tube, (iv) Tube nucleus,

(v) Generative nucleus

b) Germination of pollen grain takes place in the stigma of the female flower. Pollen grain
divides into 2 cells. During germination, the tube cell elongates into a pollen tube. In the
follower, the pollen tube then grows towards the ovule where it discharges the sperm
produced in the pollen grain for fertilization.
c) To direct the growth of the pollen tube.
d) The generative nucleus divides into two nuclei (male gamete nuclei also called sperm
nuclei). The pollen tube enters one of the synergids and releases its two sperm nuclei.
Of these, one sperm nucleus enters the egg cell and fuses with its nucleus, while the
other sperm nucleus moves toward the polar nuclei in the central cell and fuses with
them.

Q.3. Given below is a diagrammatic representation of the process of fertilization.


Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

a) Name the part labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.


b) What happens to (i) Ovary (ii) Ovule after fertilization?
c) What is the function of the synergids?
d) What part does the stigma play in the process of fertilization.

Ans. (a)(i) Style

(ii) Pollen Tube

(iii) Central Cell (Polar nuclei)

(iv) Ovule (Embryo sac).

(v) Antipodal Cells

(vi) Micropyle

(b) (i) The Ovary becomes the fruit containing the seed inside.

(ii) The Ovule develops into a seed after fertilization.

(c) The degenerating synergids acts as a site of the discharge of the male gametes of the
pollen tube,

(d) Stigma is the receptive part of the female reproductive organ on which pollen grains
land and germinate.

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