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Transportation New Notes

The document discusses respiration and transportation in both animals and plants, highlighting the different modes of respiration across various species. It details the human circulatory system, including the structure and function of the heart, blood pressure, and the role of capillaries. Additionally, it covers the lymphatic system and its functions in protecting the body and aiding in nutrient transport.

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ishanvisrivastava30
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3 views10 pages

Transportation New Notes

The document discusses respiration and transportation in both animals and plants, highlighting the different modes of respiration across various species. It details the human circulatory system, including the structure and function of the heart, blood pressure, and the role of capillaries. Additionally, it covers the lymphatic system and its functions in protecting the body and aiding in nutrient transport.

Uploaded by

ishanvisrivastava30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade X

Transportation

RESPIRATION

• Terrestrial organisms they use atmospheric oxygen for respiration


• Aquatic Organism they use dissolved oxygen for respiration

RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

• Respiration in plants is simpler than the respiration in animals


gaseous exchange occurred through
• stomata in leaves
• Lenticels in woody stems
• General surface of the root

Different animals have different modes of respiration example


• Flatworms by simple diffusion over body surface
• Earthworm by moist cuticle of skin
• Insect by network of tubule
• Fishes by gills
• Reptiles and birds by lungs
• amphibians like frog can respire through moist skin too

TRANSPORTATION

• Human beings like other multicellular Organism need regular supply of


food, oxygen etc
• This function is performed by circulatory system
• The circulatory system in human beings consist of
• 1)Heart- A pumping organ
2) Arteries and veins- blood vessels
3) Blood and lymph – A circulatory medium

• Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transport food,


oxygen, carbon-dioxide, nitrogenous Waste etc.
• Blood contains plasma and blood cells. Red blood cells
carry oxygen throughout the body
• . Heart is the pumping organ in the body.
• Human heart is 4 chambered, with two atrium and two
ventricles.
• Left atrium receives the oxygen rich blood from the lungs.
While receiving blood it Relaxes.
• Left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood throughout the body.
• De-oxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper
right atrium. It contracts to Pump the blood to right ventricle.
• Right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs for
oxygenation.

Double Circulation
• The right side and left side of the heart are separated to
prevent the mixing of oxygenated And deoxygenated blood.
• In vertebrates, blood goes through the heart twice during
each Cycle This is defined as double circulation.
• In four chambered heart the left side and right side of the
heart are completely separated to prevent the oxygenated
blood from mixing with the oxygenated blood
• such as separation allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen
to the body cells which is necessary for producing a lot of
energy this energy is useful in warm blooded animals (like
mammals and birds) which have high energy needs
because they constantly require energy to maintain their
body temperature
• all the animals having four chambered heart have double
circulation .
• The animals such as amphibians and many reptiles are
cold blooded animals whose body temperature depends
on the temperature in the environment they do not need
energy to maintain their body temperature and hence their
requirement of energy is less
Note: Fishes have two chambered heart(one atrium and one
ventricle ) amphibians (like frogs) and reptiles(like lizards)
have three chambered (2 atrium and 1 ventricle)heart except
crocodile
• Crocodile have 4 chamber heart
• Mammals and birds have 4 chamber heart

Blood pressure

• The force that the blood exerts against the wall of the vessel is known
as blood pressure.
• Pressure of blood inside the artery during ventricular contraction is
known as systolic Pressure whereas
• the pressure in the artery during ventricular relaxation is known as
Diastolic pressure.
• The normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm of Hg.
• Systolic pressure (contraction)120
• Diastolic pressure (Relaxation) 80
• Blood pressure is measured by using an instrument called
sphygmomanometer

Capillaries-They are thin walled and extremely narrow tubes or blood


vessels which connect arteries to veins
Thus the exchange of various materials like oxygen ,food, carbon dioxide
between the blood and the body cells takes place through capillaries
the walls of capillaries are only one cell thick

Transport in Plants

• Plants have xylem for the transportation of water. Xylem transports


water from the Roots to different parts of the plants.
• Xylem tissue consists of vessels and tracheids.

Heartbeat one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart is


called heartbeat the heart usually beats about 70 to 72 times in a
minute
Lymphatic system
• It consists of
1.lymph. 2.lymph capillaries 3.lymph vessel 4.lymph nodes
• Lymph also known as interstitial fluid/tissue fluid is a fluid that that
leak out from the pores of the Capillaries. It doesn’t contain platelets.

Function of Lymph

• It protects the body by killing the germs drain out of the body tissues
with the help of lymphocytes
• Lymph helps in removing the waste products like fragment of dead
cell
• Lymph take part in the nutritive process of the body. It also carries
digested fat for nutritive process as it passes proteins from circulation
to tissues

Other name of
1) RBC- Erythrocytes
2) WBC-leukocytes
3) Platelets - Thrombocytes

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