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Chapter_1Introduction to Route Surveying

The document provides an introduction to route surveying, detailing its importance in planning and designing transportation facilities like roads and railways. It outlines the stages of route surveying, including reconnaissance, preliminary survey, topographic survey, and final location survey, emphasizing the need for effective route alignment to minimize costs and environmental impact. Key requirements for highway alignment are discussed, focusing on aspects such as safety, ease of construction, and economic viability.

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2 views14 pages

Chapter_1Introduction to Route Surveying

The document provides an introduction to route surveying, detailing its importance in planning and designing transportation facilities like roads and railways. It outlines the stages of route surveying, including reconnaissance, preliminary survey, topographic survey, and final location survey, emphasizing the need for effective route alignment to minimize costs and environmental impact. Key requirements for highway alignment are discussed, focusing on aspects such as safety, ease of construction, and economic viability.

Uploaded by

amoamex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction to Route
Surveying

By: Amanuel A.
December, 2024
1
contents
 Route Surveying
 Route Alignment
 Stages in Route Surveying
• Reconnaissance
• Preliminary survey
• Topographic survey
• Final location Survey
2
Route Surveying
• Route surveying includes all the surveying activates
required to plan, design, and layout (construct) any
"Long and narrow" transportation facility.
• This transportation facility could be road (high way),
railways, pipeline and power transmission lines.
• Route selection usually involves the use of air photos,
satellite imagery, and ground surveys as well as the
analysis of existing plans and maps.
• The route selected should satisfy all design
requirements with minimal social, environmental, and
financial impact
 Route Alignment
• The "Shape" or geometry of any transportation route is
called its alignment.
• This includes both its horizontal alignment (i.e. a plan
view), and its vertical alignment (i.e., a profile view).
• The vertical alignment is also called the grade line.

• The aim of alignment selection process is to find a location


for the new road that will result in :
• Lowest Total Construction,
• Land,
• Traffic
• Environmental Costs.
Requirements of Highway alignment

The basic requirements of an ideal alignment


b/n two terminal station are that it should be:

• Short

• Easy

• Safe

• Economical
…Cont’d
 Short: It is desirable to  Safe: The alignment should
have short alignment be safe for construction and
maintenance from the point
b/n two terminal stations.
of view of stability of natural
 A straight alignment slope, embankment & cut
would be the shortest slope and also foundation
path. drivers & passengers (free of
accident).
 Economical: The road
 Easy: The alignment alignment could be
should be such that it is considerate economical only
easy to construct and if the total cost including
maintain the road with initial cost, maintenance cost
& vehicle operation cost is
minimum problems.
lowest.
 Generally, there are four stages in route
surveying:
1. Reconnaissance survey
2. Preliminary location survey
3. Data collection (topographic data).
4. Final location survey
1. Reconnaissance survey
 It is a first (preliminary) field inspection of the entire
area to be surveyed in terms of existing control points,
possible site for new observations, detection of
possible obstacles and solutions, type of instrument to
be used, estimation of the duration of the whole
fieldwork, and collection of information regarding
communication, water, food, labour and health
facilities.
 In reconnaissance the surveyor goes over the area
and decides best plan of working.
….Cont’d
• The purpose of the reconnaissance survey is to evaluate
the feasibility of one or more corridor routes for a highway
between specific points that may be many kilometers away.
•Subdivision of reconnaissance: Desk & Field study
A) Desk study

Study all available information in the office,


• Aerial Photography
• Geological maps
• Topographic Map
• Published literatures:
Cont’d…
B) Field study
• It involves inspection of each band (identified during the
desk study) to determine the most corridor feasible route
based on some basic criteria.
o Soil type and depth
o Slope stability
o Percentage of rock in excavation
o Terrain classification
o Bridging requirements etc…
….Cont’d
• A team consisting of the following personnel
makes a site inspection visit:
Highway Engineer
Soils & Materials Engineer
Chief Surveyor
Hydrologist
Environmentalist
Sociologist
Local administrative Personnel
2. Preliminary Location Survey
• Is a large- scale study of one or more feasible
corridor routes.

• Consists of running an accurate traverse line along the


routes already recommended as a result of reconnaissance
survey.

• During Preliminary Survey establishing horizontal and


vertical control points that is the most essential part in
topographic surveying.

• This is done if the area has no control points or the existing


control network is not dense enough.
3) Data collection (topographic data)
• Contour map is generated/ terrain mapping

4) Final location survey


 The purpose of the final location is to fix the centerline of the
selected alignment in the field and to collect additional data for
design and preparation of the drawings.

 If the preliminary survey has been done properly the data


collection work during the final alignment survey will be
limited.

• The following are the general features of the final location survey
o pegging the center line
o Centre line leveling
o Cross section
o Intersecting roads
o Ditches and stream

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