NAC Study Material _ Geography
NAC Study Material _ Geography
ACADEMIC
CHAMPIONSHIP
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Geography
1. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) is the largest island on Earth whose capital is Nuuk.
2. The Iberian Peninsula includes the Portugal, Spain, and the southern portion of France.
3. New Zealand or Aotearoa is an island nation comprising of two main islands separated by the Cook
Strait. Major cities include Auckland and Christchurch.
4. Madagascar is the largest African island. It is separated from the mainland by the Mozambique
Channel and is the only natural homeland of lemurs. Its capital is Antananarivo.
5. The Sinai peninsula is located in Eastern Egypt. It’s where God gave Moses the 10 Commandments.
6. Honshu is the largest and most popular Japanese island.
7. Hokkaido is the northernmost Japanese main island. Its capital and largest city is Sapporo.
8. The Galapagos Islands, where Charles Darwin observed finches, are located in the Pacific Ocean.
The archipelago is controlled by Ecuador.
9. Eastern Island, home to the Rapa Nui people, is a Chilean island famous for its Moai statues of heads.
10. Sri Lanka, once known as Ceylon, is an island nation located off the coast of India.
11. Ireland is an island divided between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It includes cities
such as Belfast and Dublin.
12. Crete is the largest Greek island, and home to the Minoan palace of Knossos.
13. Java, an island in Indonesia, is the most populous island in the world famous for its coffee.
14. The island of Hispaniola contains the nation of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
15. New Guinea is divided between the Indonesian province of West Papua and Papua New Guinea.
16. The Philippines is a Southeast Asia country with its capital at Manila. The country consists of over
7,600 islands.
17. The Canary Islands is an autonomous region of Spain off the coast of Morocco.
18. Maui is the second largest Hawaiian island that shares its name with a Polynesian trickster and
demigod.
19. Lake Baikal is the deepest and oldest lake in the world.
20. Lake Ladoga, located next to St. Petersburg in Russia, is the largest freshwater lake in Europe.
21. The Red Sea separates the Arabian Peninsula from Africa. It is connected to the Mediterranean Sea to
the north by the Suez Canal.
22. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and is named for the British Queen Victoria. It is the primary
source of the While Nile.
23. Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world. It’s located in the Andes Mountains on the
border between Bolivia and Peru.
24. The Dead Sea is hypersaline lake located between Jordan and Israel. It has the lowest point of land
elevation on Earth.
25. The Persian Gulf is a body of water that separates Iran from the Arabian Peninsula and is linked to
the Indian Ocean by the Strait of Hormuz.
26. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean in the world and is mostly covered by ice
sheets.
27. The Baltic Sea is surrounded by Scandinavia, Poland, and the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania).
28. The Black Sea is located between Europe and Asia. It’s flows through the Bosporus and the
Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea. Odessa, Sochi, and Sevastopol are cities along its coast.
29. Lake Michigan is one of the Great Lakes that is connected to Lake Huron through the States of
Mackinac. Chicago, Milwaukee, and Green Bay are cities along the lake.
30. The Nile River is the longest river in Africa. It has two major tributaries: the White Nile and the Blue
Nile.
31. Volga River is the longest river in Europe and empties into the Caspian Sea.
32. Danube River is the second longest river in Europe and flows through many major European cities
such as Vienna, Budapest, and Belgrade. It eventually flows into the Black Sea.
33. The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
34. The Suez Canal links the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
35. The Congo River is the second largest river in Africa. It was once name the Zaire.
36. The Ganges River is a northern Indian river held sacred by Hindus. It flows from the Himalayas and
empties into the Bay of Bengal.
37. The Mekong River forms the boundary between Thailand and Laos and flows through Vientiane
and Phnom Penh.
38. The Amazon River is the longest river in South America and shares its name with a rainforest. Rio
Negro, the world’s largest blackwater river, is a tributary of the Amazon River.
39. The Rhine River forms the border of Germany and France and flows into the North Sea.
40. The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China that originates from Qinghai and discharges
into the Bohai Sea.
41. The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. It flows pass China’s largest freshwater lake, Lake
Poyang, and the Three Gorges Dam.
42. The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
43. The Cape of Good Hope is located near the southern tip of Africa.
44. The Andes Mountain Range spans seven countries from Venezuela to Argentina.
45. The Alps is the largest mountain range in Europe. It includes famous peaks such as Mont Blanc
and the Matterhorn.
46. Mt. Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is the highest point in Africa. In Swahili, Kilimanjaro is known
as Uhuru.
47. Mount Everest, located in the Himalayan mountain on the Nepal-China border, is the highest point
on Earth.
48. Mt. Fuji is the tallest peak in Japan.
49. The Aconcagua is a peak in the Andes Mountains, the tallest in South America.
50. The Ural Mountains forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.
51. The Caucasus Mountains spans from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. It contains Mount Elbrus, the
highest peak in Europe.
52. The Gobi Desert covers most of Mongolia and parts of northern China.
53. The Kalahari Desert is located in Southern Africa that covers parts of Botswana, Namibia, and
South Africa.
54. The Atacama Desert is located in South America, west of the Andes Mountains.
55. Ethiopia is a mountainous country located in the Horn of Africa whose capital is Addis Ababa.
56. Tierra del Fuego, meaning “land of fire”, is an archipelago located at the southern tip of
South America. The archipelago is shared by Argentina and Chile.
57. Egypt is home to the Giza Pyramids and the Valley of the Kings. Its capital is at Cairo.
58. Siberia is a large regional of Russia with the Ural Mountains to its west and the port of Vladivostok
in the east.
59. Venezuela is a country in South America whose capital is Caracas. Angel Falls, Lake Maracaibo, the
Catatumbo River, and the Orinoco River are all located in Venezuela.
60. Morocco is an African nation with its capital at Rabat. Marrakesh and Casablanca are major cities
located in Morocco, which serves as the western terminus of the Atlas Mountains.
61. The Netherlands is home to the largest container port in Europe. It’s commonly referred to as
Holland with its capital at Amsterdam.
62. Patagonia is a cold and windy regional located in southern Chile and Argentina.
63. Mongolia is an Asian nation that contains most of the Gobi Desert and has its capital at Ulaanbaatar.
64. Bangladesh is a South Asian nation that gained its independence from Pakistan and has its
capital at Dhaka.
65. Chile is a South American country with capital at Santiago. It’s home to the Atacama Desert.
66. Switzerland is a European nation that is divided into 26 cantons and has its capital at Bern.
67. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Its largest city is Lagos.
68. Singapore is a city-state in Southeast Asia that was once part of Malaysia.
69. Portugal is a Western European country with its capital at Lisbon. It’s located on the Iberian
Peninsula.
70. South Korea is an Eastern Asian country with its capital at Seoul. It northern border is formed by the
DMZ at the 38th parallel.
71. Jamaica is a Caribbean island nation with its capital at Kingston.
72. Cuba is a Caribbean island nation with its capital at Havana.
73. Saudi Arabia is a country located on the Arabian Peninsula with its capital at Riyadh.
74. Norway is a Northern European nation with its capital at Oslo. Its island of Svalbard is located north
of the Barents Sea.
75. British Columbia is a Canadian province that includes the cities of Victoria and Vancouver.
76. Croatia is an Eastern European nation with its capital at Zagreb.
77. South Africa is the southern most nation in Africa with its legislative capital at Cape Town. It’s largest
city is Johannesburg.
78. Scandinavia is a region of Northern Europe that is usually referring to the nations of Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden. The Scandinavian Peninsula is a peninsula that comprises of Sweden, Norway,
Northwestern Finland, and a tiny part of Northwestern Russia.
79. Dubai is the most populous city of the United Arab Emirates. The Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in
the world, and numerous artificial islands are located in Dubai.
80. Sydney is the most populous Australian city known for its famous Opera House. It is the capital of
New South Wales.
81. Mecca is the holiest city in Islam. It is located in Saudi Arabia with famous structures such as the
Kaaba and the Masjid al-Haram.
82. Hong Kong is a Special Administration Region of China. It was handed back to China by the British
in 1997.
83. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico. It was built atop the former royal capital of Tenochtitlan along
the shore of Lake Texcoco.
84. Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey located along the Bosporus strait. It was formerly known as
Constantinople and Byzantium.
85. San Francisco is a California city that’s known for its Golden Gate Bridge and cable cars.
86. New Orleans is the most populous city in the US state of Louisiana. It’s famous for its French
Quarters.
87. Paris is the capital of France and home to the Louvre and the Eiffel Tower.
88. Vienna is the capital of Austria and home to the Belvedere, Hofburg, and Schönbrunn Palaces.
89. Venice is an Italian city famous for its canals.
90. Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea.
91. Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.
92. Uluru, or Ayers Rock, is a large rock formation in Australia’s Northern Territory.
93. The Serengeti is a region in northern Tanzania that’s know for its biodiversity. It hosts an annual
migration of over a million Wildebeests.
94. Machu Picchu, an Incan city, was discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911. The Incan ruin is located
in Peru and is often referred to as the “lost city of the Incas.”
95. Angkor Wat is a large Buddhist Temple complex located in Cambodia. It was built during the Khmer
Empire and is depicted on the Cambodian flag.
96. The Great Wall of China is the world’s longest fortification that was first constructed during the
Warring States Period and then rebuilt in the 14th century.
97. Yellowstone National Park is located on its namesake river in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming.
It contains a geyser that erupts every half hour to two hours, Old Faithful.
98. Yosemite National Park is located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California.
99. Grand Canyon is the largest canyon in the United States split between Northern Arizona and
Southern Utah. The Colorado River flows through the canyon.
100. Stonehenge is a prehistoric site in England, comprises of a large circle of stacked megaliths.