Grammar activity answers

1A have: auxiliary or main verb? 5A distancing

a 2 I’ve been reading   3 ✓   4 Don’t you have   5 already a 2 It seems (that) men are more at risk…
have   6 I’ll be having   7 didn’t have to   8 have the jacket 3 It appears (that) she has changed her mind…
dry-cleaned   9 ✓   10 I had 4 It seems (that) you are unable to deal…
b 2 haven’t   3 had   4 had   5 been   6 taking   7 hasn’t   5 It seems (that) the weather is about to improve.
8 take   9 having   10 ’ve   11 to   12 have 6 It appears (that) the robbers were wearing…
b 2 A spokesman is expected to make an announcement…
1B discourse markers (1): linkers 3 More than half of the population are believed to suffer from
a 2 consequently   3 so as not to   4 in case   5 though   headaches.
6 Although   7 but   8 As a result   9 so that    10 However   4 St. Petersburg is said to be one of the…
11 Despite   12 Because   13 in order to    14 so that   5 At least 70 people are thought to have been injured…
15 because of 6 The economy is expected to grow…

2A pronouns 5B unreal uses of past tenses

a 2 It’s   3 themselves   4 it’s   5 you   6 you    7 there’s   2   c   3 b   4 c   5 a   6 c   7 a   8 b   9 b   10 c   11 a  
8 their   9 themselves   10 one another    11 they   12 b   13 b   14 a   15 c
12 there’s
b 2 there   3 They   4 one   5 It   6 you   7 they    6A verb + object + infinitive or gerund
8 yourself   9 they   10 you   11 there   12 it a 2 to take   3 to be offended   4 ✓   5 being able    6 you to
feel   7 ✓   8 for our children to go   9 ✓
2B the past: habitual events and specific incidents b 2 to retake   3 do   4 to get   5 to attend    6 stopping  
2 didn’t have   3 was playing   4 interrupted   7 using   8 to leave   9 not to arrive    10 taking
5 had / ’d wanted   6 had been allowed  
7 would / used to get   8 used to / would feed   9 didn’t want   6B conditional sentences
10 used to be / was   11 was taking   12 bit   13 dropped   a 2 could   3 lacks   4 won’t be   5 did   
14 wasn’t / didn’t use to be   15 used to cry / cried   6 wouldn’t be losing   7 had built    8 might not have lost  
16 had gone   17 was explaining   18 had happened   9 would still be working    10 hadn’t messed up  
19 spoke   20 I’d ever experienced / ’d experienced 11 were   12 would have noticed   13 aren’t  
14 ’ll / will call
3A get b 2 You can borrow my laptop on the condition that you look
a 2 ✗ get to the point   3 ✗ got broken   4 ✗ get a bus    after it.
5 ✓   6 ✗ get paid   7 ✓   8 ✗ get Elena to look   3 I’m going to go to the party whether I’m invited or not.
9 ✗ got the kitchen painted   4 Supposing you hadn’t found your passport, what would you
10 ✗ got to the closest gas station have done?
b 2 Paying a lot to get your hair cut is a waste of money. /Paying a 5 The exam will be fine providing that you do enough review.
lot of money to get your hair cut is a waste. 6 I’m in favor of contact sports as long as nobody gets seriously
3 The best way to get rich is to work hard. injured.
4 Getting hurt is usually a learning experience. 7 I would never wear fur, even if the weather was very cold / it
5 People get wiser as they get older. was very cold.
6 Cheating is fine if you don’t get caught. 8 You can go out tonight provided (that) you’re back by
7 Giving presents is better than getting them. midnight.
8 School doesn’t help you to get anywhere in life.
7A permission, obligation, and necessity
3B discourse markers (2): adverbs and adverbial a 2 ✗ had better not ask her   3 ✓   4 ✗ must not download  
expressions 5 ✓   6 ✗ ought to study   7 ✓   8 ✓  
a 2 Obviously   3 that is to say   4 Besides   5 in other words   9 ✗ ought to have thought
6 By the way   7 Anyway   8 Basically   9 On the one hand    b 2 shouldn’t   3 not supposed   4 must not   5 don’t need to  
10 To sum up 6 ✓   7 should   8 allowed   9 should

4A speculation and deduction 7B verbs of the senses

a 2 might / may have left   3 can’t be   4 might / may be   a 2 smells like garlic
5 might / may be trying   6 shouldn’t be   3 as if she had
7 must have fallen out   8 must have (done) 4 been hearing good things about you
b 2 the disease is likely to   3 you probably won’t be able    5 ice cream really tastes of
4 is unlikely to be   5 we are bound to    6 see anyone leave / leaving the house
6 it’s very unlikely that   7 she’s bound to be    7 sounds like a violin
8 she’ll / will definitely 8 to have changed much
9 heard the bomb go off
10 looks as if he didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept very well
4B adding emphasis (1): inversion 11 as though she was / were delighted
a 2 Not   3 when   4 Never   5 Only   6 Scarcely / Hardly   12 heard the couple arguing
7 but   8 Hardly / Scarcely   9 until   10 Rarely   11 again  
12 No

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 8A gerunds and infinitives b 2  hat my son is crazy about is skateboarding.
W
a 2 ✓ 3 ✗ being spoken to 4 ✗ to have been able   3 All they want (to do) is to lie on a beach and relax.
5 ✗ to understand 6 ✓ 7 ✗ inviting 8 ✓   4 What I’m desperate for is a nice cup of tea.
9 ✗ to be trying 10 ✓ 5 It was the atmosphere that made the restaurant special rather
b 2 feeling 3 being told 4 have been informed   than the food. / It was the atmosphere rather than the food
5 to do 6 to be searching 7 to be / to have been   which made the restaurant special.
8 not having been contacted 6 What I don’t want is to be late for work tomorrow.
c 1 h 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 f 6 g 7 b 8 d 7 All she asked for was a glass of water.
8 It was Alec who was a professional baseball player when he
was young, not Darren.
8B expressing future plans and arrangements
a T he following should be underlined: is to face, what is going to
be, I’m about to become, I’m going to show him, begins 10B relative clauses
b 2 ✓ 3 ✗ we’re going / we’re going to go 4 ✗ due to go 2 whose   3 who   4 which   5 where   6 which  
a 
5 ✓ 6 ✓ 7 ✗ are you and Jennifer doing / going to do   7 What   8 who / that   9 which   10 who / that / whom  
8 ✓   9 ✓ 10 ✗ they’re going to lose / they’ll lose 11 ✓   11 whose   12 who   13 What   14 whom   15 which
12 ✗ I’m going to paint

9A ellipsis
a T he second paragraph has no ellipsis.
b Nicky’s father gave her his phone number and he said she
could contact him whenever she wanted to contact him.
Nicky said goodbye, and then she hung up. At first, she was
angry that he had gotten in touch and she wished that he
hadn’t gotten in touch. But a few weeks later, she called him
and she arranged to see him because she felt they needed
to talk. She got along well with him, although she hadn’t
expected to get along well with him. Nicky decided that she
wanted them to meet regularly, and her father promised that
they would meet regularly. Five years later, when Nicky got
married, no one imagined that her father would be leading
her up the aisle, but he was leading her up the aisle.
c 2 I’m afraid not.
3 I guess so, though…
4 I suspect not.
5 I don’t imagine so. / I imagine not.
6 I suppose not.

9B nouns: compound and possessive forms

a 2 ✗ other people’s business   3 ✓   4 ✗ can opener
5 ✗ the roommate of my cousin Jane, who works for the city
council   6 ✓   7 ✓   8 ✗ the high point of her career   9 ✓  
10 ✗ kitchen cupboard 11 ✗ champagne glasses   12 ✓  
13 ✗ the middle of the room   14 ✓
b Possible answers:
chocolate cake, birthday cake, lemon cake, etc.
coffee cup, tea cup, etc.
bread knife, steak knife, fish knife, etc.
CD player, DVD player, football player, etc.
coffee machine, running machine, ice cream machine, etc.
health center, sports center, etc.
surfboard, cutting board, message board, etc.
story book, address book, physics book, etc.
car key, house key, back door key, etc.
mineral water, sea water, tap water, etc.
credit card, birthday card, identity card, etc.
picture frame, photo frame, window frame, etc

10A adding emphasis (2): cleft sentences

a 2 T he reason (why) he married her was for her money.
3 The person (who / that) she loves more than anyone else in
the world is her niece.
4 The last time (that) I saw her was in October.
5 The person who / that really understands how I feel is my
sister.
6 The reason (why) we retired early was in order to have time to
enjoy life.
7 The place (where) I relax most is (in) the yard.
8 The first time (that) I met David was just after I graduated.

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