Dr.A.P.

JAbdulKalamTechnicalUniversity, Lucknow

ITSKILL 2–BMB251

Department
of

MASTEROFBUSINESSADMINISTRATION

BATCH:2024–26

Submitted to : Submitted BY :
Ms.Vandna Soni
Name
(Faculty)
Roll .No.-
(MBA1STYEAR)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my special gratitude to my IT skill

Professor Ms. Vandana Soni as well as our head of department who gave me the
wonderful opportunity to project “Functioning of Computers”.

The opportunity to complete this project has helped me improve my research skill
and I am really very grateful to them.
 Table of Content

A practical file for IT Lab Skills 2 focuses on hands-on exercises in Microsoft

Excel. It typically covers topics like pivot tables, charts, data analysis, and
formatting techniques. Students learn to create and analyze pivot tables,
summarize data, use goal seek and solver functions, create scenarios, and merge
scenarios from different workbooks.
Key Areas Covered:
 Pivot Tables: Creating, analyzing, and summarizing data using pivot tables.
 Charts: Designing and creating various chart types (e.g., bar charts, pie charts,
line charts) to visualize data.
 Data Analysis: Using Excel's built-in functions like goal seek and solver for
data analysis.
 Scenarios: Creating and managing scenarios to analyze different potential
outcomes.
 Data Validation: Applying validation criteria to ensure data accuracy and
consistency.
 Formatting: Applying various formatting techniques to enhance the visual
presentation of spreadsheets.
 Mail Merge: Using mail merge to create personalized documents from a data
source.
Example Practical File Content:
  Experiment 1: Creating Pivot Tables:
Students would learn how to select data, insert a pivot table, drag fields to row,
column, and value areas, and analyze the resulting pivot table.
This experiment teaches students how to use pivot tables to analyze data in
spreadsheets. Students will learn how to select data, insert a pivot table, and
then rearrange fields into row, column, and value areas to create and interpret a
pivot table.
Here's a more detailed breakdown of what students will learn:
1. Selecting Data:
 Students will learn how to select the range of data they want to analyze. This
could be a table or a specific area within a spreadsheet.
2. Inserting a Pivot Table:
 Students will learn how to insert a pivot table into their spreadsheet using the
"Insert" tab and the "PivotTable" option.
3. Arranging Fields:
 Students will learn how to use the "PivotTable Fields" list to drag and drop
fields into different areas of the pivot table:
o Rows: Fields that will be displayed as rows in the pivot table.
o Columns: Fields that will be displayed as columns in the pivot table.
o Values: Numerical fields that will be calculated (e.g., sum, average).
o Filters: Fields that can be used to filter the data.
4. Analyzing the Pivot Table:
 Students will learn how to interpret the resulting pivot table, including
understanding how the data is organized and summarized.
5. Customizing the Pivot Table:
 Students will learn how to customize the pivot table, such as:
o Sorting and filtering data.
o Changing the summary function (e.g., sum, average, count).
o Applying formatting (e.g., table styles, number formats).
o Creating pivot charts to visualize the data.
  Experiment 2: Data Analysis with Goal Seek:
Students would use goal seek to find the input value needed to achieve a
desired output in a formula.

In Experiment 2, students will use the "Goal Seek" feature in a spreadsheet

program like Excel to determine the input value needed to achieve a specific
output in a formula. This involves setting a target value for a cell containing a
formula and asking Excel to adjust an input cell to achieve that target.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
 Identify the formula:
Students will need to identify a formula that calculates a result based on one or
more input values.
 Set the target value:
They will specify the desired output value they want the formula to produce.
 Use Goal Seek:
The students will use the Goal Seek tool (often found under "Data" > "What-If
Analysis" > "Goal Seek" in Excel) to find the input value that will result in the
target output.
 Adjust the input cell:
Goal Seek will automatically adjust the value in the designated input cell until
the formula produces the target value.
 Analyze the results:
Students will analyze the adjusted input value and understand how it affects
the output of the formula.
  Experiment 3: Creating Charts:
Students would create different chart types based on the given data and adjust
chart elements (titles, labels, axes) to enhance the visualization.
This experiment focuses on using data to create different types of charts and
adjusting chart elements like titles, labels, and axes to improve
visualization. Students will learn to select appropriate chart types for different
data types and enhance their readability.
Elaboration:
This experiment introduces students to data visualization through chart
creation. They will learn to select the most suitable chart type for different data
sets, such as:
 Bar charts: Useful for comparing categories or values.
 Line charts: Effective for showing trends over time.
 Pie charts: Appropriate for representing parts of a whole.
 Scatter plots: Used to visualize relationships between two variables.
 Histograms: For displaying the distribution of data.
Chart elements adjustment:
Students will learn to customize charts by:
 Adding titles: Clearly stating the purpose of the chart.
 Adding labels: Explaining what each axis represents and each data series.
 Adjusting axes: Scaling and formatting axes to ensure accurate representation.
 Using legends: Clearly identifying different data series in a chart.

This experiment aims to help students understand how to effectively use charts
to communicate data insights and to learn the importance of clear and
informative chart elements for better visualization.
  Experiment 4: Scenario Management:
Students would create multiple scenarios for a model, compare their results,
and analyze the impact of different assumptions.

Experiment 4, titled "Scenario Management", involves students creating

multiple scenarios for a model, comparing the results, and analyzing how
different assumptions impact the model's output. This experiment teaches
students about the importance of considering various possibilities and their
potential consequences when working with models.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
 Scenario Creation:
Students will design different scenarios based on varying assumptions about
key variables within the model. This might include scenarios with optimistic,
pessimistic, or base-case assumptions.
 Model Application:
Each scenario will be applied to the model, and the resulting outputs will be
compared.
 Comparison and Analysis:
Students will analyze the differences in the model's outputs across the different
scenarios, focusing on how changes in assumptions affect the model's
predictions.
 Identifying Sensitivity:
This experiment helps students understand which assumptions are most critical
and have the greatest impact on the model's outcomes, revealing its sensitivity
to different factors.
 Risk Management:
By exploring various scenarios, students can gain a deeper understanding of
the potential risks and opportunities associated with the model and its
predictions.
Example:
Let's say students are modeling the potential success of a new product
launch. They might create scenarios with:
 Best-case scenario: High sales, low costs, and positive customer feedback.
 Base-case scenario: Moderate sales, average costs, and mixed customer
feedback.
 Worst-case scenario: Low sales, high costs, and negative customer feedback.
By comparing the model's predictions across these scenarios, students can see
how different assumptions about market demand, marketing effectiveness, and
production costs impact the potential profitability of the product launch.
  Experiment 5: Data Validation:
Students would apply data validation rules to a spreadsheet to restrict the types
of data that can be entered.
Note: The specific content and experiments in a practical file may vary
depending on the course syllabus and instructor's requirements
In Experiment 5, students will learn to use data validation in a spreadsheet
application. This technique allows users to define specific rules that restrict the
types of data that can be entered into particular cells, helping to maintain data
accuracy and consistency. The experiment aims to demonstrate how to set up
data validation rules, including allowing only numeric or text entries, specifying
ranges for numbers or text lengths, and displaying messages to users when
invalid data is entered.
Here's a more detailed look at the experiment:
 Purpose:
To understand and apply data validation techniques to ensure data quality in
spreadsheets.
 Skills:
Students will learn to:
 Select cells for data validation.
 Choose data validation criteria from a dropdown menu (e.g., List, Whole Number,
and Date).
 Set up validation rules for different data types (e.g., allowing only numbers
between certain ranges).
 Customize input messages to guide users on acceptable input types.
 Create error alerts to inform users when they enter invalid data.
Example:
A spreadsheet might use data validation to ensure that:
 A "Product ID" column only accepts alphanumeric characters.
 A "Price" column only accepts numeric values greater than zero.
 A "Date" column only accepts dates within a specific range.
Outcome:
By the end of the experiment, students will be able to effectively use data
validation to create more accurate and reliable spreadsheets.