Question 1: Classifying and Understanding Environmental Pollution (20 Marks)

You are an environmental consultant hired to assess a recently discovered industrial site with
various unmanaged discharges.

a) Define environmental pollution and briefly explain its core meaning. (4 Marks)

b) Based on your initial observations, classify the potential environmental pollutants you might
encounter at this site. Justify your classification with examples for each type. (8 Marks)

c) Discuss at least four significant effects these pollutants could have on the surrounding
environment, providing specific examples for each effect. (8 Marks)

Question 2: Controlling Air Pollution in an Urban Setting (20 Marks)

A rapidly developing city is experiencing a significant increase in respiratory illnesses, suspected

to be linked to poor air quality. As an environmental health officer, you are tasked with
developing a comprehensive plan to control air pollution.

a) Identify and describe two major types of air pollutants you would expect to find in this urban
environment, and explain their primary sources. (6 Marks)

b) Discuss the concept of "dispersion of pollutants" and explain how meteorological conditions
might influence the concentration of these pollutants in the city. (6 Marks)

c) Propose and elaborate on two effective strategies to mitigate smog-forming emissions,

considering both industrial and vehicular contributions. (8 Marks)

Question 3: Addressing Water Pollution in an Agricultural Region (20 Marks)

A rural community heavily reliant on agriculture is reporting widespread contamination of its

local water sources, impacting both human health and aquatic life.

a) Describe the likely nature and types of water pollution prevalent in this agricultural region,
specifying the pollutants you would expect to find. (6 Marks)

b) Explain how the parameters BOD, COD, and turbidity are used to assess the severity of water
pollution in this context. (6 Marks)

c) Propose and detail two specific water pollution control methods that would be most
appropriate for this agricultural community, explaining why these methods are suitable. (8
Marks)

Question 4: Remediation of Contaminated Soil at an Abandoned Site (20 Marks)

An old industrial complex, abandoned for years, is now slated for redevelopment, but initial
surveys indicate significant soil contamination.

a) Identify and describe two common types of soil pollutants that might be present at such an
abandoned industrial site, along with their potential sources. (6 Marks)

b) Outline the essential soil tests you would conduct to determine the presence and extent of
these pollutants. (6 Marks)

c) Propose and elaborate on two effective treatment methods for the polluted soil at this site,
considering both in-situ and ex-situ approaches. (8 Marks)

Question 5: Managing Noise Pollution in a Residential Area (20 Marks)

Residents living near a newly constructed highway and a growing commercial center are
complaining about persistent noise pollution.

a) Identify three major sources of noise pollution in this scenario and explain how they
contribute to the overall noise level. (6 Marks)

b) Describe how noise meters are used to determine noise pollution levels and explain the
significance of different measurement units. (6 Marks)

c) Based on the EMCA (Amendment) 2015 Noise and Vibrations Regulations, suggest and
explain two practical noise pollution control measures that could be implemented to mitigate the
impact on the residents. (8 Marks)

Question 6: Developing a Wastewater Management Plan for a Municipality (20 Marks)

A rapidly expanding municipality is struggling with increasing volumes of domestic and

industrial wastewater, leading to environmental concerns.

a) Define wastewater management and explain its critical importance for urban sustainability. (5
Marks)

b) Classify the different types of wastewater generated in this municipality, providing examples
for each type. (7 Marks)

c) Outline the key stages of a comprehensive wastewater treatment process that this municipality
should adopt, explaining the purpose of each stage. (8 Marks)

Question 7: Implementing Solid Waste Management in a Large Town (20 Marks)

A large town is facing challenges in managing its increasing quantities of diverse solid waste,
leading to unsanitary conditions.
a) Describe the various types of solid waste you would expect to find in this town, considering
both residential and commercial sources. (6 Marks)

b) Explain the importance of "sorting/segregation" and "collection" as crucial procedures in

effective solid waste management. (6 Marks)

c) Apply the 7Rs principle to propose two innovative methods for solid waste volume reduction
that could be implemented in this town, beyond traditional recycling. (8 Marks)

Question 8: Handling Hazardous Waste from a Chemical Plant (20 Marks)

A chemical manufacturing plant is undergoing an audit of its hazardous waste management

practices due to recent environmental incidents.

a) Define hazardous waste and describe three key characteristics that classify a waste as
hazardous. (6 Marks)

b) Explain the potential impacts of improperly managed hazardous waste on both human health
and the environment. (6 Marks)

c) Outline the critical steps involved in the safe processing, handling, and disposal of hazardous
waste from this chemical plant, ensuring compliance with relevant regulations. (8 Marks)

Question 9: Establishing an E-waste Management Program (20 Marks)

With the increasing consumption of electronic devices, a community initiative aims to establish a
local e-waste management program.

a) Identify and describe three distinct types of e-wastes that this program would need to address,
providing examples for each. (6 Marks)

b) Explain the primary stages of an effective e-waste management process, from collection to
final disposition. (6 Marks)

c) How can the 7Rs principles be specifically applied to improve e-waste management practices
within this community initiative? Provide concrete examples. (8 Marks)

Question 10: Community Sensitization for Sustainable Waste Management (20 Marks)

You are leading a project to sensitize a local community about the importance of proper
pollution control and waste management.

a) Discuss the paramount importance of community sensitization in achieving sustainable

pollution control and waste management outcomes. (6 Marks)
b) Outline the key procedures you would follow for effective community mobilization and
sensitization on waste management, considering local cultural contexts. (8 Marks)

c) Explain the concept of "waste as a resource" to the community, providing two practical
examples of how common waste materials can be transformed into valuable resources. (6 Marks)