remind

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-25-0657

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/eci

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2025

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.9 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending in March 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries
increased 0.8 percent and benefit costs increased 1.2 percent from December 2024. (See chart 1 and
tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)
Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not
adjusted, civilian workers, total compensation seasonally adjusted, civilian workers
1.5 Wages and salaries Benefits
6.0

5.0
1.0 4.0

3.0
0.5 2.0

1.0

0.0 0.0
Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 Mar-25 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 Mar-25

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 3.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in
March 2025 and increased 4.2 percent in March 2024. Wages and salaries increased 3.5 percent for the
12-month period ending in March 2025 and increased 4.4 percent in March 2024. Benefit costs
increased 3.8 for the 12-month period ending in March 2025. The prior year’s increase was 3.7 percent.
(See chart 2 and tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)
Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, current Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, constant dollar,
dollar, private industry workers private industry workers
Wages and salaries Benefits Health insurance Wages and salaries Benefits
6.0 4.0

5.0 2.0
4.0
0.0
3.0
-2.0
2.0
-4.0
1.0
0.0 -6.0
Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 Mar-25 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 Mar-25
Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 3.4 percent over the year. In March 2024,
the increase was 4.1 percent. Wages and salaries increased 3.4 percent for the 12-month period ending
in March 2025 and increased 4.3 percent in March 2024. The cost of benefits increased 3.5 percent for
the 12-month period ending in March 2025 and increased 3.6 percent in March 2024. Inflation-
adjusted (constant dollar) wages and salaries increased 1.0 percent for the 12 months ending March
2025. (See charts 3, 4, and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Within private industry by bargaining status, compensation costs increased 4.6 percent for union
workers and 3.3 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period ending in March 2025. Wages
and salaries increased 4.5 percent for union workers and 3.2 percent for non-union workers for the 12-
month period ending in March 2025. Benefit costs increased 4.6 percent for union workers and 3.4
percent for non-union workers for the period ending in March 2025.
(See tables 6, 10, and 12.)

Compensation costs for state and local Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally
government workers increased 4.3 percent adjusted, state and local government workers
for the 12-month period ending in March Wages and salaries Benefits
2025 and increased 4.8 percent in March 6.0
2024. Wages and salaries increased 4.1 5.0
percent for the 12-month period ending in 4.0
March 2025 and 5.0 percent in March
3.0
2024. Benefit costs increased 4.8 percent
for the 12-month period ending in March 2.0

2025. The prior year’s increase was 4.5 1.0

Rounding Changes to Employment Cost Index (ECI) Estimates

Effective with the release of June 2025 ECI data on July 31, 2025, BLS will publish index levels to
three decimal places. Percent changes based on these more precise indexes will continue to be
published to one decimal place. For more information, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2024/changes-to-
index-rounding.htm.

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 TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage,
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of
Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.
Sample size: Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately
26,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,200 private industry
establishments and approximately 7,400 occupational observations selected from a sample of about
1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to
ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose.
Historical listings: Historical ECI data are available in (xlsx) format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm.
The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification
(SOC) from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in
classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the
article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data: The costs per hour worked of compensation
components are published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news
release. The ECEC release dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm.
Historical ECEC data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is
calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI,
year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI.
Fixed employment weights: For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in
computing the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-
weights-for-the-employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI
introduced new employment weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-
2018-soc-update.htm.
Seasonal factors: Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2025 reference year and the
revisions of historical seasonally adjusted data for the most recent five years can be found at
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/annual-seasonal-adjustment.htm. More information on seasonal
adjustment can be found at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2024/article/seasonality-in-the-employment-cost-
index.htm.
Additional information: Historical tables are available in (xlsx) format for constant dollar, current
dollar, and continuous series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS
Economic News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you
are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

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Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, by occupational group and industry1
[Seasonally adjusted]
Indexes
Percent changes for 3-months ended-
(Dec.2005=100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2024 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025

Civilian workers
All workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.3 169.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9
Industry
Goods-producing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8 163.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.9 163.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
Service-providing industries4........... . 169.7 171.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9
Education and health services. . . . . . . 167.8 169.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1
Educational services............... . 166.2 167.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8
Elementary and secondary
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.3 167.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 166.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8
Health care and social
assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.3 171.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.3
Hospitals.......................... . 170.0 171.8 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.0 171.0 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.2
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.0 178.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1
Private industry workers
All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.8 169.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and
related.................................. . 162.7 164.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9
Management, business, and
financial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 164.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.5 164.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.3 171.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.2 168.2 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.6
Office and administrative support. . . . 172.4 174.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... . 165.8 167.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry occupations.. . 164.1 165.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0
Installation, maintenance, and
repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.7 168.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.5
Production, transportation, and
material moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.2 174.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.8
Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.4 169.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6
Transportation and material
moving............................... . 178.8 180.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.6 1.0
Service occupations..................... . 181.0 182.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.9
Industry
Goods-producing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.7 163.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.0
Construction.............................. . 161.7 163.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.6 1.3
Manufacturing............................ . 161.9 163.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
Aircraft manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.5 141.3 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.9 -0.1 1.0 2.1 0.6
Service-providing industries5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 170.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... . 173.5 174.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 165.0 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.8 177.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . 177.8 179.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.3 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.5 1.1
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.3 180.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.0 162.4 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 -0.1 1.3 0.4 0.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 167.5 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.5
Finance and insurance............... . 165.6 168.1 0.3 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, by occupational group and industry1 — Continued
[Seasonally adjusted]
Indexes
Percent changes for 3-months ended-
(Dec.2005=100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2024 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.1 171.8 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.2
Insurance carriers and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.6 168.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.2 -0.1 1.0 1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing.. . 162.6 164.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.2
Professional and business services. . . 167.5 168.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6
Professional, scientific, and
technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.2 169.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.8
Administrative and support and
waste management and
remediation services............... . 168.5 168.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.2
Education and health services......... . 167.7 169.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 165.1 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2 164.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.7
Health care and social assistance. . . 168.5 170.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.3
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.7 171.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.4 169.4 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.1 181.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.7
Accommodation and food services.. . 183.9 185.4 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.8
Other services, except public
administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.0 173.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.1
State and local government workers
All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.9 172.5 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9
Industry
Education and health services......... . 167.8 169.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 168.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8
Schools.............................. . 166.7 168.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8
Elementary and secondary
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 168.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8
Health care and social assistance. . . 175.7 177.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5 172.9 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.0 178.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1

1
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
3
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,
except public administration; and public administration.
5
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry
[Seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec.
Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005=100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2024 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025

Civilian workers
All workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.3 169.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8
Industry
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.8 167.5 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0
Manufacturing............................ . 166.2 167.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8
Service-providing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.8 170.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7
Education and health services......... . 163.4 165.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.2 157.3 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7
Elementary and secondary
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.5 155.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.6 159.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9
Health care and social assistance. . . . . 170.7 172.8 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.2
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.9 172.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 165.7 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1
Private industry workers
All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.5 171.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and
related.................................. . 164.1 165.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 166.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0
Management, business, and
financial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 165.0 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.8 173.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.9 171.7 0.4 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.5
Office and administrative support. . . . 174.2 175.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... . 168.5 169.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry occupations.. . 166.7 168.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9
Installation, maintenance, and
repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.7 171.4 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.4
Production, transportation, and
material moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.8 179.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.8
Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.6 173.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5
Transportation and material
moving............................... . 183.5 185.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.0
Service occupations..................... . 186.5 188.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8
Industry
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9 167.6 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0
Construction.............................. . 164.6 166.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4
Manufacturing............................ . 166.2 167.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8
Aircraft manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.0 169.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5
Service-providing industries4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.7 172.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... . 175.1 176.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5 162.4 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.5 -0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.3 181.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8
Transportation and warehousing. . . . 182.5 183.9 0.8 1.3 0.9 4.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.7
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.7 174.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4 161.1 1.1 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.4 -0.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 167.2 0.1 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.3 1.4 0.7
Finance and insurance............... . 166.5 167.6 -0.1 2.0 1.1 0.5 -0.1 1.3 0.1 1.6 0.7
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 167.8 1.0 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.4 -0.2 1.7 1.0
Insurance carriers and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 167.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.6 1.7 -0.2 1.2 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

-6-
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry — Continued
[Seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec.
Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005=100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2024 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025
Real estate and rental and leasing.. . 164.3 165.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.9
Professional and business services. . . 170.0 170.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.4
Professional, scientific, and
technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.8 171.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.9
Administrative and support and
waste management and
remediation services............... . 173.7 173.8 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.1
Education and health services......... . 169.6 171.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.1
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 163.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.0 161.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.7
Health care and social assistance. . . 171.0 173.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.7 173.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.9 188.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.7
Accommodation and food services.. . 190.8 192.5 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.7 1.1 0.9
Other services, except public
administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.3 175.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.5 -0.2
State and local government workers
All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.0 160.3 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8
Industry
Education and health services......... . 156.2 157.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.8 155.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7
Schools.............................. . 154.8 155.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7
Elementary and secondary
schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.1 155.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6
Health care and social assistance. . . 168.1 169.4 1.1 0.9 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 167.9 1.2 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 165.7 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1

1
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
2
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,
except public administration; and public administration.
4
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

-7-
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry
[Seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec.
Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005=100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2024 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2025

Civilian workers
All workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.6 170.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2
Private industry workers
All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 163.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and
related.................................. . 159.4 161.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.7 165.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... . 160.0 161.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.0
Production, transportation, and
material moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 165.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 1.0
Service occupations..................... . 163.0 165.3 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . 153.4 154.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.5 154.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6
Service-providing industries3........... . 164.0 166.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.2
State and local government workers
All workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2 196.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1

1
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
2
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

-8-
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry1
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.0 168.0 169.9 1.3 0.6 1.1 4.2 3.8 3.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations3. . . . . . . . . 163.9 168.0 169.9 1.4 0.6 1.1 4.2 3.9 3.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 159.7 163.5 165.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 4.1 3.7 3.6
Management, business, and financial. . . . . . . 160.0 163.3 165.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 3.9 3.4 3.2
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.6 163.7 165.7 1.3 0.5 1.2 4.2 3.9 3.8
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.0 170.7 172.9 1.6 0.7 1.3 4.2 3.2 2.9
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.8 166.9 169.1 1.7 1.1 1.3 4.2 2.4 2.0
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 169.0 173.0 175.2 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.8 3.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8 166.3 167.8 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.3 3.9 3.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.3 164.6 166.4 1.1 0.7 1.1 3.7 3.8 3.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair. . . . . . . . 163.6 168.1 169.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 4.9 3.9 3.5
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 168.2 172.9 174.8 1.4 0.6 1.1 4.7 4.3 3.9
Production...................................... . 163.7 168.0 169.7 1.4 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.1 3.7
Transportation and material moving. . . . . . . . . 174.3 179.2 181.4 1.5 0.4 1.2 5.1 4.3 4.1
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.3 180.6 182.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 4.3 4.5 4.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.4 161.5 163.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.9 3.3 3.2
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.1 161.4 163.1 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.8 3.6 3.2
Service-providing industries5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 169.1 171.1 1.4 0.6 1.2 4.3 3.8 3.6
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.7 167.7 169.5 1.1 0.6 1.1 4.4 4.2 4.2
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 166.0 167.0 0.8 0.4 0.6 4.3 4.1 3.9
Elementary and secondary schools. . . . 160.9 166.1 167.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 4.2 3.9 3.8
Junior colleges, colleges, universities,
and professional schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.5 165.0 166.3 1.0 0.7 0.8 4.3 4.5 4.3
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . 164.6 169.3 171.8 1.3 0.8 1.5 4.6 4.2 4.4
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.4 169.8 172.2 1.6 0.8 1.4 4.7 4.3 4.1
Nursing and residential care facilities.. . 164.9 168.8 170.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 4.5 3.6 3.6
Public administration.......................... . 169.4 175.6 177.8 1.6 0.9 1.3 5.8 5.3 5.0

1
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
3
The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
4
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,
except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

-9-
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by occupational group
and industry1
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 167.4 169.4 1.4 0.6 1.2 4.1 3.6 3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . . . . 163.7 167.3 169.4 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 158.9 162.2 164.3 1.3 0.5 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . 158.1 161.3 163.5 1.4 0.4 1.4 3.9 3.5 3.4
Management, business, and financial. . . . . . . 159.5 162.6 164.4 1.3 0.4 1.1 3.7 3.2 3.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 158.5 161.3 163.4 1.5 0.4 1.3 3.8 3.3 3.1
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.6 162.1 164.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 4.1 3.6 3.7
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9 170.2 172.4 1.6 0.7 1.3 4.1 3.0 2.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . 169.3 172.7 174.9 1.4 0.4 1.3 3.9 3.5 3.3
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 166.8 168.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 4.2 2.4 1.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 169.8 173.0 175.0 1.3 0.5 1.2 3.7 3.2 3.1
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 168.3 171.9 174.1 1.5 0.4 1.3 4.0 3.7 3.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 165.6 167.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 4.2 3.7 3.6
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.7 163.9 165.7 1.0 0.7 1.1 3.6 3.7 3.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair. . . . . . . . 163.2 167.5 168.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 4.9 3.7 3.3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 167.9 172.4 174.4 1.5 0.5 1.2 4.7 4.2 3.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . 167.6 172.2 174.0 1.4 0.6 1.0 4.7 4.2 3.8
Production...................................... . 163.7 168.0 169.6 1.5 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.2 3.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 163.9 168.2 169.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.1 4.0 3.7
Transportation and material moving. . . . . . . . . 173.9 178.7 181.0 1.4 0.4 1.3 5.1 4.2 4.1
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.6 180.5 182.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 3.9 4.2 4.1
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.3 161.4 163.3 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.8 3.3 3.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . . . . 157.9 161.5 163.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.7 3.6 3.5
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 151.3 153.7 155.8 1.6 0.3 1.4 3.3 3.2 3.0
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.5 167.2 169.9 1.4 0.5 1.6 5.7 0.1 0.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.0 163.2 164.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 3.6 3.6 3.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 161.2 165.6 167.5 1.3 0.7 1.1 3.9 4.0 3.9
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.2 161.5 163.8 1.0 0.5 1.4 3.8 2.4 2.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.1 161.4 163.1 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.8 3.6 3.2
Management, professional, and related. . . . . 152.5 155.0 156.7 1.6 0.3 1.1 3.3 3.3 2.8
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 165.4 166.7 2.1 0.4 0.8 4.5 3.1 1.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.9 162.7 163.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 3.9 4.3 3.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2 165.4 167.3 1.4 0.7 1.1 4.1 4.0 3.8
Aircraft manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.2 139.8 141.8 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.7 3.8 3.4
Service-providing industries4...................... . 165.4 169.0 171.1 1.4 0.5 1.2 4.2 3.6 3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . . . . 165.3 169.0 171.2 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.6
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 160.2 163.6 165.7 1.3 0.5 1.3 4.0 3.5 3.4
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.7 170.5 172.7 1.7 0.7 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.8 169.2 170.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 5.1 3.8 3.3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 174.8 179.5 181.5 1.6 0.4 1.1 5.2 4.3 3.8
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.7 180.7 183.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 4.0 4.3 4.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 173.1 174.8 1.1 0.4 1.0 4.4 3.3 3.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . 170.0 174.3 175.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 4.5 3.7 3.3
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1 163.7 165.2 1.9 0.4 0.9 4.4 2.9 1.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 164.2 168.0 168.8 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.7 3.6 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.

- 10 -
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by occupational group
and industry1 — Continued
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025
Service-providing industries - Continued
Retail trade..................................... . 172.0 176.4 177.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.7 2.9 3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 171.4 175.5 176.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.3 3.2 3.0
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.8 177.6 179.9 1.8 0.3 1.3 7.2 4.6 4.1
Utilities.......................................... . 173.6 177.6 180.3 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.1 3.3 3.9
Information........................................ . 159.5 161.6 162.7 1.3 0.2 0.7 3.2 2.6 2.0
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.4 164.4 167.4 0.9 0.8 1.8 3.4 3.4 4.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . 161.9 164.7 168.7 1.6 0.4 2.4 3.2 3.4 4.2
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 164.9 168.1 0.8 1.0 1.9 3.5 3.4 4.5
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................... . 163.2 167.4 171.5 1.7 1.2 2.4 4.4 4.3 5.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 170.4 175.9 2.0 0.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 5.5
Insurance carriers and related activities.. . 162.1 164.6 168.3 1.4 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.9 162.9 165.7 1.7 0.2 1.7 3.3 3.0 3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 158.4 162.2 164.6 1.0 -0.1 1.5 2.9 3.4 3.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . 162.7 165.9 168.2 1.2 0.3 1.4 2.9 3.2 3.4
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 164.2 166.9 168.9 2.0 0.7 1.2 4.0 3.7 2.9
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.0 167.4 170.0 1.9 0.6 1.6 3.8 3.4 3.0
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services.. . 164.1 167.8 169.3 1.5 0.7 0.9 3.7 3.8 3.2
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 167.6 170.0 1.2 0.5 1.4 4.5 4.0 4.2
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.6 163.8 164.9 1.2 -0.1 0.7 4.5 3.9 3.3
Junior colleges, colleges, universities,
and professional schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.0 163.3 164.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 4.0 4.3 3.9
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 168.4 171.0 1.2 0.7 1.5 4.5 4.1 4.4
Hospitals..................................... . 165.2 169.4 171.9 1.7 0.8 1.5 4.7 4.2 4.1
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 163.4 167.2 169.3 1.1 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.5 3.6
Nursing care facilities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 166.1 168.2 0.9 0.7 1.3 4.6 2.8 3.1
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.7 179.2 181.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 3.2 3.6 3.8
Accommodation and food service. . . . . . . . . . . 178.3 183.0 185.3 0.9 0.5 1.3 3.1 3.6 3.9
Other services, except public administration.. . 168.2 172.0 173.9 2.4 0.8 1.1 5.3 4.7 3.4

1
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2
The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 11 -
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and
Census region and division1
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Bargaining status and Census region and 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
division Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

Bargaining status
Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.5 172.1 174.1 1.7 1.1 1.2 5.3 5.1 4.6
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.8 161.9 163.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 4.1 4.5 4.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 151.1 156.2 157.8 1.6 1.4 1.0 4.6 5.0 4.4
Service-providing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1 179.0 181.3 1.9 1.1 1.3 5.9 5.4 4.7
Nonunion.......................................... . 163.4 166.7 168.8 1.4 0.5 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.3
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.5 161.1 163.1 1.3 0.5 1.2 3.8 2.9 2.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 159.8 162.9 164.6 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.7 3.4 3.0
Service-providing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.6 168.0 170.1 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.0 3.4 3.3
Census region and division4
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.0 168.4 170.5 1.2 0.6 1.2 3.8 3.3 3.3
New England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.9 171.9 174.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 3.6 2.9 3.0
Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.6 167.2 169.3 1.3 0.6 1.3 3.9 3.5 3.5
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8 165.0 167.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.3 3.3
South Atlantic.................................. . 165.3 168.6 170.3 1.5 0.6 1.0 4.6 3.5 3.0
East South Central............................ . 160.2 164.0 166.4 0.5 0.6 1.5 3.5 2.9 3.9
West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.7 159.5 162.3 1.6 0.7 1.8 4.3 3.4 3.6
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.7 163.7 166.0 1.4 0.3 1.4 3.9 3.3 3.3
East North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.5 162.4 164.4 1.3 0.2 1.2 4.1 3.2 3.1
West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4 167.0 169.7 1.4 0.6 1.6 3.5 3.7 3.9
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.7 173.2 175.0 1.6 0.6 1.0 4.1 4.3 3.7
Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.5 170.7 172.6 1.0 0.5 1.1 4.0 3.6 3.7
Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.8 174.5 176.1 1.7 0.8 0.9 4.1 4.6 3.7

1
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
4
The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont;
Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 12 -
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for state and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry1
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.9 170.6 172.0 1.2 0.7 0.8 4.8 4.7 4.3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 161.7 167.2 168.4 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.6 4.4 4.1
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4 166.9 167.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.0
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.2 175.3 177.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 5.2 5.0 4.8
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 169.3 175.3 177.3 1.4 0.9 1.1 5.3 5.0 4.7
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.1 180.4 182.4 1.6 1.0 1.1 5.5 5.3 4.8
Industry
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2 167.6 168.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.4 4.2 4.0
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.1 166.6 167.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.3 4.2 4.0
Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.1 166.5 167.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.3 4.1 4.0
Elementary and secondary schools. . . . 161.3 166.6 167.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 4.2 4.0 3.8
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 170.1 175.6 177.2 1.6 1.1 0.9 4.9 4.9 4.2
Hospitals..................................... . 166.2 171.6 173.1 1.6 1.1 0.9 4.8 4.9 4.2
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 175.6 177.8 1.6 0.9 1.3 5.8 5.3 5.0

1
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 13 -
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.0 168.1 169.7 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.4 3.8 3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations2. . . . . . . . . 163.4 167.6 169.2 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.4 3.9 3.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 157.6 161.6 163.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 4.2 3.7 3.4
Management, business, and financial. . . . . . . 159.3 162.9 164.2 1.1 0.4 0.8 4.0 3.4 3.1
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.8 161.0 162.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 4.3 3.8 3.8
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.5 172.2 174.0 1.6 0.9 1.0 4.5 3.2 2.7
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 170.5 172.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 4.5 2.5 1.8
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 169.1 173.2 174.9 1.4 0.5 1.0 4.4 3.9 3.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.7 168.0 169.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 4.5 4.3 4.1
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.2 166.2 167.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 3.9 4.2 4.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair. . . . . . . . 164.4 170.1 170.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 5.2 4.5 4.0
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 172.2 176.7 178.5 1.6 0.6 1.0 5.2 4.2 3.7
Production...................................... . 167.9 172.1 173.7 1.6 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.2 3.5
Transportation and material moving. . . . . . . . . 177.8 182.6 184.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 5.6 4.3 3.8
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.8 182.2 184.2 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.5 4.5 4.2
Industry
Goods-producing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 165.5 167.6 1.4 0.6 1.3 4.1 3.4 3.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 165.8 167.6 1.6 0.6 1.1 4.0 3.8 3.3
Service-providing industries4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.3 168.5 170.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 4.5 3.9 3.5
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.6 163.5 165.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 4.7 4.1 4.0
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5 156.5 157.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 4.6 4.2 3.6
Elementary and secondary schools. . . . 149.9 154.8 155.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 4.6 4.0 3.5
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.6 158.0 158.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 4.3 4.4 4.1
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . 165.9 170.8 173.0 1.1 0.8 1.3 4.7 4.1 4.3
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 170.9 173.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 4.8 4.3 4.2
Nursing and residential care facilities.. . 168.7 173.1 175.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.8 3.7 3.8
Public administration.......................... . 158.6 164.1 165.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 5.9 4.9 4.5

1
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
2
The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,
except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 14 -
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group
and industry
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.3 170.2 171.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.3 3.7 3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . . . . 165.7 169.7 171.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 4.2 3.8 3.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 160.1 163.7 165.4 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.0 3.5 3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . 158.8 162.2 164.1 1.3 0.4 1.2 4.1 3.5 3.3
Management, business, and financial. . . . . . . 160.1 163.5 164.8 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.9 3.3 2.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 158.0 161.1 162.6 1.4 0.4 0.9 3.9 3.4 2.9
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.3 164.2 166.3 1.2 0.6 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.7
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.6 173.1 175.0 1.7 0.8 1.1 4.3 3.2 2.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . 171.6 175.5 177.3 1.4 0.5 1.0 4.1 3.7 3.3
Sales and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.6 170.6 172.6 1.9 1.2 1.2 4.5 2.5 1.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 173.1 176.9 178.7 1.3 0.5 1.0 3.8 3.6 3.2
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 169.9 173.8 175.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 4.2 3.8 3.3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2 168.3 169.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 4.5 4.2 3.9
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 166.4 168.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 3.8 4.1 4.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair. . . . . . . . 165.0 170.6 171.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 5.2 4.4 3.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 172.6 177.0 178.8 1.6 0.6 1.0 5.2 4.2 3.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . 172.4 176.9 178.4 1.5 0.6 0.8 5.1 4.2 3.5
Production...................................... . 168.0 172.2 173.8 1.6 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.2 3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 168.1 172.3 174.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 4.3 4.0 3.6
Transportation and material moving. . . . . . . . . 178.8 183.4 185.4 1.6 0.4 1.1 5.7 4.2 3.7
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.7 186.0 188.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.2 4.4 4.1
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.4 165.6 167.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 4.1 3.4 3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . . . . 161.6 165.7 167.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 3.9 4.0 3.8
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 155.6 158.6 161.1 1.8 0.4 1.6 3.5 3.7 3.5
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.1 173.0 175.9 1.5 0.6 1.7 6.8 -0.9 -0.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 166.0 167.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 3.8 3.9 4.0
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 165.6 170.0 172.0 1.3 0.7 1.2 4.1 4.0 3.9
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1 164.4 166.8 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.2 2.4 2.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 165.8 167.6 1.6 0.6 1.1 4.0 3.8 3.3
Management, professional, and related. . . . . 156.5 159.5 161.6 1.8 0.4 1.3 3.5 3.7 3.3
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9 169.2 170.2 2.4 0.5 0.6 5.0 3.2 1.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.9 168.2 169.2 1.1 1.1 0.6 4.0 4.4 3.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.8 170.0 172.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 4.2 4.0 3.7
Aircraft manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.3 166.1 170.2 2.1 1.2 2.5 3.2 3.9 4.2
Service-providing industries3...................... . 167.4 171.3 173.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.4 3.7 3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . . . . 166.8 170.8 172.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 4.3 3.8 3.5
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 160.8 164.5 166.1 1.1 0.5 1.0 4.1 3.5 3.3
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.9 173.1 174.9 1.7 0.9 1.0 4.1 3.6 2.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 171.7 172.5 1.1 1.1 0.5 5.6 4.6 3.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 179.0 183.6 185.2 1.7 0.5 0.9 5.9 4.3 3.5
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.8 186.1 188.2 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.3 4.4 4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.1 174.6 176.3 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.8 3.3 3.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . 171.4 175.6 176.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 4.9 3.7 3.2
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.7 160.8 162.6 2.0 0.5 1.1 4.7 2.7 1.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 160.9 164.7 165.7 1.1 0.4 0.6 3.7 3.5 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.

- 15 -
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group
and industry — Continued
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025
Service-providing industries - Continued
Retail trade..................................... . 175.4 180.1 181.5 0.2 0.5 0.8 3.1 2.9 3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 174.6 178.8 180.0 0.9 0.5 0.7 3.7 3.3 3.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 182.1 183.9 2.1 0.3 1.0 8.3 4.7 3.5
Utilities.......................................... . 168.3 172.2 174.7 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.5 3.3 3.8
Information........................................ . 158.1 161.1 161.3 1.0 0.3 0.1 2.9 2.9 2.0
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.1 165.5 167.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 3.0 3.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . . . 161.5 164.1 166.8 1.4 0.3 1.6 3.3 3.1 3.3
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 166.0 167.4 0.2 1.0 0.8 3.6 2.9 3.6
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................... . 162.5 165.6 167.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 4.7 3.1 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.7 166.7 169.9 1.7 0.1 1.9 3.3 2.9 3.2
Insurance carriers and related activities.. . 160.8 164.1 167.6 1.1 0.5 2.1 2.7 3.2 4.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.2 160.8 163.2 1.6 0.3 1.5 3.5 3.3 3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 159.6 163.8 165.8 1.0 0.0 1.2 3.3 3.7 3.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations1. . . . 164.5 167.8 169.8 1.3 0.4 1.2 3.3 3.3 3.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 169.4 171.1 2.1 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.1 2.9
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 169.0 171.5 1.8 0.7 1.5 3.9 3.6 3.3
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services.. . 169.0 173.1 174.2 1.7 0.9 0.6 4.0 4.2 3.1
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.8 169.6 171.6 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.7 4.0 4.1
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.5 163.0 163.6 1.2 0.1 0.4 4.6 4.1 3.2
Junior colleges, colleges, universities,
and professional schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 160.2 160.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 4.0 4.3 3.8
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 171.1 173.3 1.0 0.8 1.3 4.7 4.1 4.3
Hospitals..................................... . 167.0 171.7 174.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 4.8 4.1 4.3
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 169.7 174.1 176.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.9 3.8 3.8
Nursing care facilities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.7 172.7 174.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 4.8 3.2 3.7
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.3 186.2 188.4 1.1 0.5 1.2 3.4 3.8 3.9
Accommodation and food service. . . . . . . . . . . 184.9 190.1 192.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 3.3 3.8 4.2
Other services, except public administration.. . 170.9 175.3 176.5 2.3 1.0 0.7 5.6 5.0 3.3

1
The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
2
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
and Census region and division
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Bargaining status and Census region and 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
division Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

Bargaining status
Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9 171.6 173.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 6.3 5.5 4.5
Goods-producing industries1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 160.3 161.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 4.4 4.8 4.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 155.0 159.6 161.3 2.0 1.4 1.1 5.2 5.0 4.1
Service-providing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.5 178.4 180.5 2.3 1.3 1.2 7.3 5.7 4.6
Nonunion.......................................... . 166.4 170.1 171.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.1 3.5 3.2
Goods-producing industries1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 166.8 169.0 1.4 0.6 1.3 4.0 3.2 3.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 163.9 167.3 169.1 1.5 0.5 1.1 3.9 3.7 3.2
Service-providing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.0 170.8 172.5 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.1 3.6 3.3
Census region and division3
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 170.0 172.0 1.1 0.7 1.2 3.9 3.5 3.6
New England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.3 175.6 177.5 1.0 0.7 1.1 4.0 2.9 3.0
Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 167.9 169.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 3.9 3.6 3.7
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.2 168.7 170.6 1.3 0.7 1.1 4.6 3.4 3.3
South Atlantic.................................. . 169.3 172.9 174.5 1.4 0.7 0.9 4.9 3.6 3.1
East South Central............................ . 162.2 166.7 168.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 3.5 3.3 4.1
West South Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.8 162.6 164.9 1.4 0.6 1.4 4.4 3.2 3.2
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 165.4 167.5 1.4 0.4 1.3 4.2 3.3 3.2
East North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 163.7 165.5 1.3 0.2 1.1 4.2 3.1 2.9
West North Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 169.4 172.2 1.6 0.7 1.7 3.9 3.9 3.9
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 177.0 178.2 1.6 0.7 0.7 4.3 4.4 3.5
Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.3 174.8 176.5 1.1 0.5 1.0 4.4 3.8 3.6
Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.2 178.2 179.1 1.8 0.8 0.5 4.3 4.7 3.4

1
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
3
The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont;
Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Occupational group and industry Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.9 159.2 160.2 1.0 0.7 0.6 5.0 4.5 4.1
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 151.1 156.2 157.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 4.9 4.3 3.9
Professional and related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.6 155.7 156.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 4.6 4.3 3.9
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.0 161.4 162.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 5.8 4.7 4.4
Office and administrative support. . . . . . . . . . . . 156.5 161.9 163.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 5.7 4.6 4.3
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.9 169.6 171.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 5.6 5.1 4.4
Industry
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4 156.5 157.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 4.6 4.3 3.8
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.0 155.1 155.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 4.6 4.2 3.8
Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.0 155.2 155.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 4.6 4.3 3.8
Elementary and secondary schools. . . . 149.4 154.5 154.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 4.6 4.2 3.6
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 163.0 168.4 169.5 1.3 1.1 0.7 4.9 4.7 4.0
Hospitals..................................... . 161.5 167.0 168.0 1.3 1.1 0.6 4.9 4.7 4.0
Public administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.6 164.1 165.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 5.9 4.9 4.5

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
status Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

Civilian workers
All workers1....................................... . 164.2 167.8 170.5 1.4 0.5 1.6 3.7 3.6 3.8
Private industry workers
All workers........................................ . 157.9 160.7 163.5 1.5 0.4 1.7 3.6 3.3 3.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related. . . . . . . 156.1 158.6 161.6 1.7 0.4 1.9 3.7 3.3 3.5
Sales and office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.7 162.7 165.8 1.5 0.2 1.9 3.3 2.8 3.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.3 159.7 161.5 1.0 0.4 1.1 3.6 2.6 2.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving.......................................... . 158.3 163.1 165.4 1.1 0.4 1.4 3.7 4.2 4.5
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.7 162.6 165.4 1.1 0.4 1.7 2.7 3.6 4.2
Industry
Goods-producing industries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.3 153.0 154.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 3.4 3.0 2.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.1 153.1 154.5 1.2 0.5 0.9 3.4 3.2 2.9
Aircraft manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 111.8 111.5 1.6 3.3 -0.3 2.1 3.8 1.9
Service-providing industries3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.4 163.3 166.4 1.6 0.4 1.9 3.6 3.4 3.7
Bargaining status
Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.7 173.2 175.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 3.8 4.6 4.6
Nonunion.......................................... . 155.8 158.2 161.1 1.6 0.3 1.8 3.6 3.1 3.4
State and local government workers
All workers........................................ . 187.6 194.2 196.6 1.4 0.8 1.2 4.5 4.9 4.8

1
Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal
government.
2
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3
Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real
estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;
educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers
by area
[Not seasonally adjusted]
Percent changes for 12-months ended-
1 Total compensation2 Wages and salaries
Census region and metropolitan area
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2024 2024 2025 2024 2024 2025

Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.6 3.6 3.5 2.6 3.7
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.8 3.0 4.2 3.0 3.2
Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA. . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 4.0 3.4
South
Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA. . . . . . . 4.4 4.8 3.6 5.1 5.4 3.7
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.5
Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.0 7.5 5.3 5.2 4.8
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 2.5 1.1 7.1 2.9 1.2
Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA. . . . 4.5 3.7 2.6 5.1 3.9 2.5
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 2.7 3.2 4.4 2.7 3.1
Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 4.6 3.6 3.8 3.8
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA............................... . 3.8 3.7 5.7 4.2 3.7 5.7
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA.............................. . 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.4
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.2
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA.................... . 4.4 6.3 3.8 4.7 6.6 3.5
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.7 5.8 3.9 5.7 5.6

1
These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release,
area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based
on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see
www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
2
Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

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