Structural Analysis and Design

Of
Residential Building

Owner: Nepal Hotel Analysis By: Er. Manoj Shrestha

 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
2. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF NEPAL ................................................................... 1
3. PHILISOPHY OF SEISMIC DESIGN .......................................................................... 1
4. BUILDING DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 3
5. LOADS ADOPTED ...................................................................................................... 5
6. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS ............................................................................. 7
7. PRELIMINARY DESIGN ............................................................................................ 9
8. FINITE ELEMENT(FE) MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING USING
ETABS ............................................................................................................................... 11
8.1 LOADS APPLIED ON BUILDING: .................................................................................. 12
8.2 LATERAL LOAD ESTIMATION ACCORDING TO IS 1893 part 1 2016 ............................. 15
8.3. LOAD CASES AND COMBINATION ............................................................................. 16
8.3.1 Load Cases .......................................................................................................... 16
8.3.2 Load Combinations ............................................................................................. 16
8.3.3 MASS PARTICIPATIONS: ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.3.4 DRIFT OF THE BUILDING...................................................................................... 16
9. DESIGN OF STRUCTURL MEMBERS ..................................................................... 21
9.1 Design of slab ............................................................................................................ 21
9.2 Design of Beam............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
9.3 Design of Column ...................................................................................................... 23
9.4 Design of foundation ................................................................................................. 32
9.5 Design of staircase ..................................................................................................... 32
11. REFERENCE CODE ............................................................................................... 34
ANNEX ................................................................................................................................ 23
Annex 1: Column Detailing...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Annex 2: Beam Detailing ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Annex 3: Footing Detailing .................................................................................................. 24
Annex 4 :Column Design ..................................................................................................... 40
Annex 5 :Beam Design......................................................................................................... 41
Annex 6: Slab design .......................................................................................................... 42
Annex 7 :Staircase Design.................................................................................................... 43
 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

1. INTRODUCTION
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance
cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.

A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building
as a whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas
additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must
be strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or
losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by transformation
of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability.

2. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF NEPAL

Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate
(Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is constantly
moving under the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes in this region. As
a result, Nepal has witnessed many major as well as minor earthquakes during the past. Records
of earthquakes are available in Nepal since 1255 A.D. Those records show that around 18 major
earthquakes have shaken Nepal since then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake and 1934 A.D Bihar-
Nepal earthquakes and 2015 Gorkha earth quake were the most destructive ones in the history
of Nepal.

Thus structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so as to

counteract the forces due to earthquakes.

3. PHILISOPHY OF SEISMIC DESIGN

The probability of occurrence of severe earthquakes is much less than that of minor earthquakes
at a given site. Many of the structures may never experience severe earthquakes during its
lifetime. Construction of any ordinary structures to resist such severe earthquakes without
undergoing any damage may not be considered economically feasible, as it may be far cheaper
to repair or even rebuild the structure after having severe and strong shaking. On the other
hand, structures located in seismic areas experience minor earthquakes rather frequently. Thus,
in the event of severe and strong shaking, the structure is allowed to have some damage which
may be repairable or even irreparable, but the structure will not be allowed to collapse
 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

completely, thereby ensuring the safety of life and the property in the structure. In order that
one does not have to undertake frequent repair and retrofitting of the structure, the structure
should not have any damage during minor level of shaking. In case of moderate shaking the
structure is allowed to have some non-structural damage without endangering life and property
within the structure. During such event the level of damage should be such that it can be
economically repaired.

The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event
of a severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.
Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic
actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of
failures include, shear and bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak Beam-
Strong column philosophy.

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

4. BUILDING DESCRIPTION

Location:

Type Commercial Building

Building type RC Frame Structure

Plan Configuration Regular

Vertical Configuration Regular

Plinth Area 1681.288 square ft

Number of Stories 3 and half

Floor Height 9’-5”

Total Height of Bldg. (H) 43’-4”

Wall thickness As per Architectural dwg.

230mm Outer Wall
110mm Inner Wall

Parapet Height 1m

Slab thickness 125mm

Roof Type Flat with accessible

Column Size 400mmX 400mm ( 16” x 16” )

Max Beam Span ( 15’-0”)

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Figure 1:Ground Floor Plan

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Material: Reinforced Cement Concrete

Frame System: Special Moment Resisting Frame

Floor System: Two-Way Solid Slab

Foundation System: Isolated, Strap and Mat Footing

Material Strengths:
Member Concrete Grade
Columns M20
Beams M20
Slabs M20
Foundation M20

Steel

Steel Type Grade

Thermo mechanically Treated Fe 500
Bar(TMT)

5. LOADS ADOPTED
Load calculation is done using IS 456:2000 as reference. At first type of material is selected
and value of unit weight of the materials is taken from the above-mentioned code. Thickness
of the material is selected as per the design requirement. Knowing area, thickness and unit
weight of materials, loads on each section is found.
The following are assumed for detail load calculation.
• R.C.C Slab, Beam and Column = 25.0 KN/m3
• Screed (40mm thick) = 19.2 KN/m3
• Cement Plaster (40mm thick) = 20.40 KN/m3
• Marble Dressed = 26.70 KN/m3
• Brick = 19 KN/m3

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Live Load
Live load for the floor and Roof is taken from IS 875 parts 2 as referred by National
building code. For Administrative Building, following load has be taken (Table 1, IS 875
Part 2)
All rooms - 2 KN/m2

Toilet and bath rooms -2 KN/m2

Corridors, passages, staircases including tire escapes and storerooms –3 KN/m2

Balconies - 3 KN/m2

For Roof Load, Table 2 of IS 875 parts 2 has been taken for the estimation.
Flat, sloping or curved roof with slopes up to and including 10 degrees

Access provided - 1.5 KN/m2

Access not provided except for maintenance -0.75 KN/m2

Floor Finish
Floor Finish Load is calculated Simple Marble Finishes. With load calculation

DL from Mortar screed = 20.4*(40/1000)=0.84 KN/m2

DL from 1” inch marble = 26.7*(24/1000) =0.64 KN/m2
Total DL = 0.84+0.64 = 1.48 KN/m2= 1.5 KN/m2

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Wall Loads
Wall loads are applied on underneath beam if wall is rested on the beam. For partition wall
load is applied as the area load intensity(1 Kn/M2). Load intensity is calculated by dividing
total weight of partition wall by the area of given slab portion.

Wall load calculation sheet

Depth of beam = 14 inch 0.3556 m
Height of building= 112 inch 2.8448 m
Thickness of slab= 5 inch 0.127 m
Ht of parapet wall 36 inch 0.9144 m
Unit wt of brick masonary= 19.2 KN/M^3
Unit wt of plaster= 20.4 KN/M^3

height of wall wt/m plaster Plaster Total Load

wall thickness(mm) Remarks
wall(m) run thickness wt/m wt/m run applied
230 2.4892 10.99 40 2.031187 13.02349 13.1 Without Opening
230 2.4892 10.99 40 2.031187 9.116446 9.2 With considering 30% opening
110 2.4892 5.26 40 2.031187 7.288378 7.3 Without Opening
110 2.4892 5.26 40 2.031187 5.101864 5.2 With considering 30% opening
110 0.9144 1.93 40 0.74615 2.677363 2.7 Parapet wall

6. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS

The seismic design parameters have been considered in reference with NBC 105 2020
and are presented as follows:

CALCULATION OF SEISMIC CO-EFFICENT AS PER NBC 105 :2020

Input:
Location of Building : -
Type of Structure: All Other Structural
System
Type of Building : RC Shear wall Frame
Seismic Zoning Factor (Table 4.5 NBC 105-2020) Z= 0.35
Importance Factor : (Table 4.6 NBC 105-2020) I= 1.0
Height of Building : h= 8.686
Method of Analysis: Equivalent Static
Method
Soil Type D

Period of Vibration :
For RC Shear wall Frame T1 = 1.25*kt 0.474
h0.75 Sec
Lower Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Ta = 0
Upper Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Tc = 2
Peak Spectral Acceleration Normalised by PGA α= 2.25
Coefficent to control the descending branch of the Spectrum K= 0.8

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Ref Table 5.2 NBC 105 :2020

Ductility Factor for ULS State Ru = 4.0
Overstrength Factor for ULS State Ωu = 1.5
Overstrength Factor for SLS State Ωs = 1.25

Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor : Ch (T)

Since Ta<=T1<=Tc Ch (T) = 2.250

Elastic Site Spectra for the Horizontal Loading (Clause 4.1.1 C(T) = 0.7875
NBC 105-2020) Ch(T) Z I =

Elastic Site Spectra for the Vertical Loading (Clause 4.2 NBC Cv = 2/3*Z 0.233
105-2020)

Elastic Site Spectra for the SLS State (Clause 4.2 NBC 105- Cs = 0.2 * 0.158
2020) C(T) =

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for Equivalent Static Method :

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficent at the ULS State
Cdu = C(T)/ (Ru Ωu) = 0.131

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficent at the SLS State

Cds = Cs/ Ωs = 0.126

Exponent related to the structural period k 1.58

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

7. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member itself. So
it is necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither overestimate the load
nor under estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative sizes of the structural elements
are determined through the preliminary design so that the pre-assumed dimensions may not
deviate considerably after analysis thus making the final design both safe and economical.
Tentative sizes of various elements have been determined as follows:

Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete used in the
design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value
Eff. Depth
Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all slab
element. This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of reinforcement will
be varied slab to slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding to the entire slab.
Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of ACI code. The cover provided is 30 mm and
the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor
Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But,
According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in beam should not exceed d/4 or 8 times
diameter of minimum size of bar adopted and should not be less than 100 mm. So, for
considering construction difficulties in actual field, it is logical to use d/4 as spacing as per the
construction practice in Nepal.

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored gravity
loads and live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the possible eccentric
loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25% in design. For the load acting
in the column, live load is decreased according to IS 875: 1978. Initially a rectangular column
is adopted in this building project so as to provide internal aesthetics required from architecture
point of view but the column size and shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis,
design and aesthetic value. The cover provided is 40 mm and the grade of concrete used in the
column design is M20.

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

8. FINITE ELEMENT(FE) MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF

BUILDING USING ETABS
The FE model of building is developed in ETABS v18, general purpose FE analysis and design
software. The size of beams and columns as obtained from preliminary analysis are adjusted
according to architectural need. Beam and columns are modeled as frame element. Slabs are
also modeled as shell element.
Beam and column are assumed to be line element having six degrees of freedom at each node
and slab is assumed to be shell element having six degrees of freedom at each node. Floor
diaphragm is used in the structure to reduce degree of freedom to three for each floor level.
Imposed loads have been modeled as uniform distributed loads. Similarly, wall loads are
modeled as uniformly distributed line loads. The columns were “fixed” at their base. The 3D
model is assumed to be fixed at tie beam level. Suitable assumptions are made and FE model
as shown in Fig 2 is developed.

Figure 2: Finite Elemental Modeling

Loading due to wall, floor finish and live load is as shown in figure below and analysis is done
by static method (seismic coefficient method). Following forces is observed during Analysis:

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8.1 LOADS APPLIED ON BUILDING:

• Stair Load
This load is applied all over the stair beam. Load application is shown in figure below.

Figure 3 Staircase Load

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b) Live load

Application of live load is shown in figure below.

Figure 4 Live normal

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c) Wall load
Load coming from the weight of wall is applied on the beam underneath the wall if there is
not any beam below the wall load is applied to nearby beam in the direction of wall. Application
of wall load is shown in figure below.

Figure 5: Wall Load

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Figure 6: Floor Finish Load

8.2 LATERAL LOAD ESTIMATION

Lateral loads on the building frames are caused primarily by wind pressure. In addition;
earthquake shocks produce horizontal sway, which results in inertia forces acting horizontally
on the structure. But in an area like Bhaktapur wind load is not so vital so, only the lateral load
due to earthquake shock is considered in this case. For the analysis and design of earthquake
action equivalent static method has been applied in this building.

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8.3. LOAD CASES AND COMBINATION

8.3.1 Load Cases
Load cases are the independent loadings for which the structure is explicitly analyzed.
Earthquake forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For buildings whose lateral load
resisting elements are oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in
these two principal directions (X – and Y – direction) separately one at a time with 30 % of
other due to one face doesn’t lies on orthogonal. Thus, the load cases adopted are as follows:

i. Dead Load (DL)

ii. Live Normal Load (LL)
iii. Roof Load(LL)
iv. EQX
v. EQY
8.3.2 Load Combinations
Load combinations are the loadings formed by the linear combination of the independent
loading conditions. The different load cases have been combined as per NBC 105 2020. The
load combinations are as follows:

Where,

DL= Dead Load

LL= Live Load

EQ= Earthquake Load at two orthogonal direction

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

9. DESIGN OF STRUCTURL MEMBERS

9.3 Design of Column

The rectangular columns are designed with the help of Etabs and checked manually. The axial
force, bending moment and shear force along the grid 1-1 for critical column is shown below.
The calculation of longitudinal reinforcement of typical elements is shown below in Fig. 12,
13, 14. The method carried out during the structural analysis is verified with other possible
methods. There is not significant change in the design values. The interaction curve provided
in literature is then used to design these columns.

Figure 10: Axial force diagram along grid A-A

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Figure 11: Shear Force Along the grid A-A

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Figure 12: Bending Moment along grid A-A

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

9.4 Design of foundation

The foundations used in the building are of Isolated, Strap Footing and mat foundation as per
the requirements. The depth of the footing is governed by one way and two-way shear
(punching shear). The soil type is assumed to be of medium type.

Average bearing capacity = 150 KN/m²

Figure 18: Joint Reaction for the footing Desig

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

10. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for
construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadium,
towers, chimneys, tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratory works have shown that a well-
designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant
structure. Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by
following the recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant
design.

Detailing of steel reinforcement is an important aspect of structural design. Poor reinforcement

detailing can lead to structural failures. Detailing plays an important role in seismic resistant
design. In seismic resistant design, actual forces experienced by the structure are reduced and
reliance is placed on the ductility of the structure. And, ductility can be achieved by proper
detailing only. Thus, in addition to design, attention should be paid on amount, location and
arrangement of reinforcement to achieve ductility as well as strength.

Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very

important role. It has been observed that damages during earthquakes are largely dependent on
the quality and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good
seismic behavior of the structure.

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ANNEX

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Annex 3: Footing Detailing

Isolated Footing

1 Footing Size Design

Load Pu 763 KN
Design Load P 1145 KN

Moment in x dir Mux 0 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 0 KN-m

Column size cx 350 mm

cy 350 mm

SBC q 150 KN/sqm

Footing Size required A req 3.73 sqmm

L 1.98 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 1.98 meters
Area Provided A prvd 3.92 meters

Zx 1.29
Zx 1.29

Net upward pressure Nup 292 KNm2

Footing Dimensions ok

2 Slab Design
lx 0.815
ly 0.815

Bending Moment in x
dir Mx 145 KN-m
Bending Moment in y
dir My 145 KN-m

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa

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Minimum Depth
Required dmin 234

Depth Provided D 650 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 594 mm

Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
713 sqmm 159 c/c 282 c/c 441 c/c
713 sqmm 159 c/c 282 c/c 441 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x
direcion
Minimum Ast required across y
direcion

@ 150 mm
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia 754 sqmm
c/c
@ 150 mm
Ast across y direction 12 mm dia 754 sqmm
c/c

3 One Way Shear along x direction

Vu1 192 KN
ζv 0.163 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 306 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

4 One Way Shear along y direction

Vu1 192 KN
ζv 0.163 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 306 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 1327 KN

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Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

ζv 0.592 MPa

ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 2508 KN

Two Way Shear Check OK

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Annex 4 :Column Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
2F C19 152 C16X16 dl+yll+RSy 2438.4 2870.2 0.898

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
406.4 406.4 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
147.788 -30.8032 169.3224 2.9558 2.9558 2798 1.69

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.763585 2438.4 -25.3231 0 2.9558
Minor Bend(M2) 0.882695 2438.4 19.9554 0 2.9558

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 117.986 101.7837 56.9605 117.986 450.47
Minor, Vu3 44.2582 101.7837 56.9605 44.2582 450.47

Joint Shear Check/Design

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Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 313.8145 886.3467 1651.6 0.354
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 115.7242 886.3467 1651.6 0.131

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.894 0.335

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1651.6 28 2535.7774 669.3757 147.788 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.85 406.4 4.582 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.85 406.4 5.296 12 No 0

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Annex 5 :Beam Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1F B36 128 B 12X17 1.2dl+1.5ll-1 203.2 2667 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
304.8 431.8 304.8 0 25 25
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters
ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Factored Forces and Moments
Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-76.3692 0.6582 82.3928 0
Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt
Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-76.3692 0.9357 0 -77.3049
Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, M u3 & Tu
Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -77.3049 467 0 467 266
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 233 0 0 233
Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
82.3928 52.1639 49.5971 88.9109 337.85
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2
Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.6582 82.3928 274.8 401.8 293.78

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Annex 6: Slab design

Sample Slab Design for panel

Input Parameters
Length of shorter span (lx) = 3.96 m
Length of longer span (ly) = 4.57 m
= 26
= 1
 (assumed) = 1.25
ly/lx = 1.15
Design two way slab

Assume grade of concrete (fck) = M 20

Assume steel (fy) = Fe 415
Thickness of marble finishing = 25.00 mm
Thickness of screed = 40.00 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12.00 mm
Unit weight of marble = 26.50 KN/m3
Unit weight of screed = 23.00 KN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.40 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 KN/m3
Live load = 2 KN/m2
Assume bar diameter = 8.00 mm

Effective depth of slab (d)  121.85 mm

Assume, d = 110.00 mm
Total depth of slab, D = 125.00 mm

Dead load calculation of slab

Dead load of slab due to concrete = 3.13 KN/m2
Dead load due to floor finish (marble) = 0.66 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.92 KN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.24 KN/m2
Partition load = 1.50 KN/m2
Total dead load = 6.45 KN/m2
Dead load + Live load = 8.45 KN/m2
Design load = 12.68 KN/m2

Bending moment Coefficients Max. bending moment

x = 0.0445 Mx = 8.85 KNm
−x = 0.0565 -Mx = 11.23 KNm
y = 0.0350 My = 9.27 KNm
−y = 0.0470 -My = 12.45 KNm

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Mmax = 12.45 KNm

Check depth for moment

Required depth for moment = 67.15 mm
Provided depth, d = 110.00 mm
Required depth is < Provided depth
O.K. safe

Area of steel
Solving quadratic equation
0.021 Ast2 + -110.00 Ast + 25668.43 = 0
0.021 Ast2 + -110.00 Ast + 34469.03 = 0
Bottom bars Top bars
Ast = 5056.57 mm2 Ast = 4966.75 mm2
Ast = 244.64 mm2 Ast = 334.46 mm2
Spacing required
10  rods @ 320.9 mm c/c Bottom bars
10  rods @ 234.7 mm c/c Top bars
Spacing provided
10  rods @ 150.0 mm c/c Bottom bars
10  rods @ 150.0 mm c/c Top bars

Check for shear

Provided Ast = 523.33 mm2
p% = 0.48 k= 1.3
c' = 0.48 N/mm 2
IS 456:2000 (Table 19)
c = 0.62 N/mm 2

Max.shear force (Vu) = 25.10 KN

v = 0.23 N/mm2
c > v
O.K. safe

Check for minimum steel

Minimum steel (0.12%) Provided steel
132.00 mm2 < 523.33 mm2
O.K.

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Maximum BM = 26.01 KNm

Effective Depth of slab is given as BM =0.133fckbd2
d= 92.50 mm
Adopt d=104mm and D=127mm(5")
d= 106.00 mm
D= 127.00 mm
Area of Reinforcement (At) = 569.15 mm2
bar size = 12.00 mm
Spacing = 227.13 mm
Provide 12mmφ @ 5" c/c i. e. 127.00 mm

Distribution Bars= 0.12% of bd

= 174.19
Diameter of distribution bars = 8.00 mm
Area of bar = 50.27
Spacing Required = 329.83
Provide 8mm distribution bars @ 8" c/c

Check for Shear

Maximum Shear force= 21.98 KN
Shear stress(τv)= 0.15 N/mm2
Percentage steel used= 0.7012
Shear strength of M20 @ 0.7012% steel (τc) = 0.544 N/mm2

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

For D=127mm, K=1.3

τc'=kτc= N/mm2
0.71
Maximum shear stress for M20 concrete = 2.8 N/mm2
Since,τv<τc',No shear reinforcement is required.

Design of Stair Flight BC

Taking width of slab, Load= 18.73 KN/m

Maximum Moment BM= 21.85 KN/m
d= 84.77 mm
Adopt d=106mm and D=127mm(5")
d= 106.00 mm
D= 127.00 mm
Area of Reinforcement required (At)
= 425.84 mm2
bar size= 12.00 mm
Spacing= 303.56
Provide 12mmφ @ 5" c/c i.e. 127.00 mm
Area of steel adopted 1,017.88 mm2

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 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

Distribution Bars= 0.12% of bd

= 181.94
Diameter of distribution bars= 8.00 mm
Area of bar = 50.27 mm2
Spacing Required= 329.83 mm
Provide 8mm distribution bars @ 8" c/c

Check for Shear

Maximum Shear force= 18.48 KN
Shear stress(τv)= 0.13 N/mm2
Percentage steel used= 0.7012
Shear strength of M20 @ 0.7012% steel (τc) = 0.544 N/mm2
For D=127mm, K=1.3
τc'=kτc= N/mm2
0.71
Maximum shear stress for M20 concrete = 2.8 N/mm2
Since,τv<τc',No shear reinforcement is required.

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Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

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