PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 MARK]

1. What was the basis of classification of elements by Newland?

Answer. Increasing order of atomic mass

2. What was the drawback of these two laws?

Answer. All the elements discovered at that time could not be classified.

3. Lithium, sodium and potassium form a Dobereiner’s triad. The atomic masses of lithium
and potassium are 7 and 39 respectively. Predict the atomic mass of sodium.
Answer.

4. Chlorine, bromine and iodine form a Dobereiner’s triad. The atomic masses of chlorine and
iodine are 35.5 and 126.9 respectively. Predict the atomic mass of bromine.
Answer.

5. Why was the system of classification of elements into triads not found suitable?
Answer. It is because all the elements discovered at that time could not be classified into triads.

6. What were the limitations of Dobereiner’s classification ?

Answer. Dobereiner could identify only three triads from the elements known at that time. Hence,
this system of classification into triads was not found useful.

7. State one reason for placing Mg and Ca in the same group of the periodic table.
Answer. They have same number of valence electrons.

8. Name any three metalloids

Answer. Boron, Silicon and Germanium.

9. State the modern periodic law of classification of elements.

Answer. It states that “the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic
numbers.”

10. Write the number of vertical columns in the modern periodic table. What are these columns
called?
Answer. There are 18 vertical columns in the modern periodic table. These vertical columns are
called groups.

11. Write the number of horizontal rows in the modern periodic table. What are these rows
called?
Answer. There are seven horizontal rows in the modern periodic table. These rows are called
periods.

12. How does atomic size vary from left to right in a period?
Answer. Atomic size decreases from left to right in a period.
13. On moving from left to right in the second period when happens to the number of valence
electrons?
Answer. Number of valence electrons increases from left to right in the second period.

14. How does reactivity of metals vary down a group?

Answer. Reactivity of metals goes on increasing down a group.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I] [2 MARKS]

15. The elements of the second period of the Periodic Table are given below:
Li Be B C N O F
(a) Give reason to explain why atomic radii decrease from Li to F.
(b) Identify the most
(i) metallic and
(ii)non-metallic element.
Answer.
(a) It is because nuclear charge increases due to increase in atomic number, therefore, force of
attraction between nucleus and valence electrons increases, i.e. effective nuclear charge increases,
hence atomic radii decrease from Li to F.
(b) (i) Most metallic element is ‘Li’ as it can lose electrons easily due to larger atomic size.
(ii) Most non-metallic element is ‘F’ because it can gain electrons easily due to smallest atomic
size.

16. The elements of the third period of the Periodic Table are given below:
Na, Mg, Al, Si, P,S, Cl, Ar
(a) Which atom is bigger, Na or Mg? Why?
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic and (ii) non-metallic element in Period 3.
Answer. (a) Sodium is bigger than magnesium as it has lesser nuclear charge so there is less force
of attraction between nucleus and valence electrons and less effective nuclear charge. It is,
therefore, bigger in size.
(b) (i) Sodium is the most metallic as it can lose electrons easily due to its larger atomic size,
(ii) Chlorine is the most non-metallic element because it can gain electrons easily due to its
smallest atomic size.

17. State Mendeleev’s periodic law. Write two achievements of Mendeleev’s periodic table
Answer. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law: ‘Properties of elements are the periodic function of their
atomic masses.
Achievements:
(a) It could classify all the elements discovered at that time.
(b) It helped in discovery of new elements.
(c) It helped in correction of atomic mass of somd of the elements.

18. How can the valency of an element be determined if its electronic configuration is known?
What will be ‘ the valency of an element of atomic number 9 (nine)?
Answer. If the element has 1, 2, 3, 4 valence electrons, its valency will be 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively.
If the element has 5, 6, 7, 8 valence electrons, its valency will be 3, 2, 1, 0. Element with atomic
number 9 has electronic configuration 2, 7. So, its valency will be 1.

19. How does the electronic configuration of an atom of an element relate to its position in the
modern periodic table? Explain with one example.
Answer. The position of element depends upon number of valence electrons which depend upon
electronic configuration. Those elements which have same valence electrons, occupy same group.
Those elements which have one valence electron belong to group 1.
 Elements with two valence electrons belong to group 2.
Period number is equal to number of shells.
If valence electrons are equal to 1, it belongs to group 1. If it has 2 shells, it belongs to second
period, e.g. if element ‘X’ has atomic number 11, its electronic configuration is 2, 8,1. It has one
valence electron, it belongs to group 1 and it has three shells therefore, it is in third period.

20. The atomic numbers of three elements, X, Y and Z are 9,11 and 17 respectively. Which two
of these elements will show similar chemical properties? Why?
Answer. Electronic configuration of X, Y and Z will be:
X(9) : 2, 7
Y(11) : 2, 8, 1
Z(17) : 2, 8, 7
X and Z will show similar chemical properties due to same number of valence electrons.

21. On the basis of electronic configuration, how will you identify the first and the last element of a
period?
Answer. First element has 1 valence electron and last element has 8 valence electrons. Number of
shells remain the same in the same period.

22. In the modern periodic table, the element Calcium (atomic number = 20) is surrounded by
elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these elements has physical and
chemical properties resembling those of Calcium and why?
Answer. Elements with atomic number 12, 38 resemble calcium in physical and chemical
properties because they have same number of valence electrons and belong to same group 2.
Mg(12) : 2, 8, 2
Ca(20) : 2, 8, 8, 2
Sr(38) : 2, 8, 18, 8, 2

23. How does the metallic character of elements change along a period of the periodic table
from the left to the right and why?
Answer. The metallic character goes on decreasing along a period from left to right because
atomic size goes on decreasing therefore, tendency to lose electrons decreases.

24. How does the valency of elements vary

(a) in going down a group, and
(b) in going from left to right in a period of the periodic table?
Answer. (a) Valency remains the same in a group.
(b) Valency first goes on increasing from left to right in a period till middle of period, then
decreases.

25. In the periodic table, how does the tendency of atoms to lose electrons change on going from
(a) left to right across a period?
(b) top to bottom in a group?
Answer. (a) Tendency to lose electrons decreases from left to right across a period.
(b) Tendency to lose electrons increases from top to bottom in a group.

26. Give reasons:

(a) Elements in a group have similar chemical properties.
(b) Elements of Group I form ions with a charge of +1.
Answer. (a) Elements in a group have same number of valence electrons and same valency
therefore have similar chemical properties.
(b) It is because elements of group 1 lose one electron to acquire +1 charge and become stable.
27. An element ‘X’ has atomic number 13.
(a) Write its electronic configuration.
(b) State the group to which ‘X’ belongs.
(c) Is ‘X’ a metal or a non-metal?
(d) Write the formula of its bromide.
Answer.

28. State the Modern Periodic Law for classification of elements. How many
(a) groups and (b) periods are there in the Modern Periodic Table?
Answer. ‘Properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic number.’
(a) There are 18 groups and
(b) 7 periods in the Modern Periodic Table.

29. An element ‘M’ has atomic number 11.

(a) Write its electronic configuration.
(b) State the group to which ‘M’ belongs.
(c) Is ‘M’ a metal or a non-metal?
(d) Write the formula of its chloride.
Answer.

30. The formula of its oxide An element ‘M’ has atomic number 12.
(a) Write its electronic configuration.
(b) State the group to which ‘M’ belongs.
(c) Is ‘M’ a metal or a non-metal?
(d) Write the formula.
Answer.

31. Choose from the following: 6C, 8O, 10Ne, 11Na,14Si

(a) Elements that should be in the same period.
 (b) Elements that should be in the same group.
State reason for your selection in each case.
Answer.
(a) 6C, 8O, 10Ne are in same period, Le.
2nd period as they have two shells. nNa and 14Si are in same period, i.e. 3rd period as they have
three shells.
(b)6C,14Si are in same group because they have same number of valence electrons, i.e. four.

32. An element ‘X’ belongs to 3rd period and group 17 of the periodic table. State its (a)
electronic configuration, (b) valency. Justify your answer with reasoning.
Answer.
(a) X(17) : 2, 8, 7
(b) Valency : 1
It has atomic number 17 and therefore, electronic configuration will be 2, 8, 7. It can gain one
electron to become stable therefore, its valency is equal to 1. It belongs to third period, as it has
three shells. It belongs to group 17 because it has 7 valence electrons.

33. The formula of magnesium oxide is MgO. State the formula of barium nitrate and barium
sulphate, if barium belongs to the same group as magnesium.
Answer.

34. Choose from the following: 20Ca, 3Li, 11Na, 10Ne

(a) An element having two shells completely filled with electrons.
(b) Two elements belonging to the same group of the periodic table.
Answer.
(a) 10Ne has electronic configuration 2, 8. Its both shells are completely filled.
(b) 3Li and 11Na belong to same group of periodic table, ie. 1st group.

35. Why do all the elements of the (a) same group have similar properties, (b) same period have
different properties?
Answer. (a) Elements of same group have similar properties due to same number of valence
electrons, therefore, they have same valency.
(b) Elements of same period have different properties as they differ in number of valence
electrons.

36. An element ‘E’ has following electronic configuration:

(a) To which group of the periodic table does element ‘E’ belong?
(b) To which period of the periodic table does element ‘E’ belong?
(c) State the number of valence electrons present in element ‘E’.
(d) State the valency of the element ‘E’.
Answer.
(a) ‘E’ belongs to group 16. (b) It belongs to 3rd period.
(c) It has 6 valence electrons. (d) Its valency is equal to 2.
37. Choose from the following: 4Be, 9F, 19K, 20Ca
(a) The element having one electron in the outermost shell.
(b) Two elements of the same group.
Answer. (a) 19K has one valence electron.
(b) 4Be and 20Ca belong to the same group.

38. An element has atomic number 13.

(a) What is the group and period number to which this element belongs?
(b) Is this element a metal or a non- metal? Justify your answer.
Answer. (a) It belongs to group 13 and 3rd period.
(b) It is a metal because it can lose 3 electrons to become stable.

39. The electronic configuration of two elements ‘A’ and ‘B’ are 2, 8, 3 and 2, 8, 7 respectively. Find
the atomic number of these elements. State the nature and formula of the compound formed by
the union of these two elements.
Answer.

40. The atomic number of three elements are given below:

Write the symbol of the element which belongs to (o) group 13, (b) group 15, of the periodic
table. State the period of the periodic table to which these elements belong. Give reason for
your answer.
Answer. (a) A belongs to group 13 because its electronic configuration is 2, 3, ie. it has 3
valence electrons.
(b) ‘B’ belongs to group 15 because its electronic configuration is 2, 5, ie. it has 5 valence
electrons.
They belong to 2nd period as they ‘ both have two shells.

41. Write the atomic number of these elements. What will be formula of the compound formed and
the nature of bond between them when these two elements chemically combine together?
Answer.
‘A’ has atomic number 17. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7. Its valency is equal to 1. number
20. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 8, 2. Its
‘B’ has atomic valency is 2.

Ionic bond will be formed.

42. The atomic numbers of three elements are given below:

 Write the symbol of the element which belongs to (a) group 1, (b) group 14, of the periodic
table. State the period of the periodic table to which these elements belong. State reason to
support your answer.
Answer.
(a) A belongs to group 1.
(b) B belongs to group 14.
These elements belong to second period because these elements have two shells. A has electronic
configuration 2, 1 and has one valence electron so, belongs to group 1. ‘B’ has electronic
configuration 2, 4 and has four valence electrons so, belongs to group 14 and period 2. ‘C’ has
electronic configuration 2, 7 and has one valence electron. All of them contain two shells and so
belong to second period.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS[II] [3 MARKS]

43. What were the limitations of Newlands’ Law of Octaves ?

Answer. Limitations:
(i) It was found that law of octaves was applicable only upto calcium because after Ca, every
eighth element did not possess properties similar to first.
(ii) New elements discovered could not fit into the law of octaves on the basis of their properties.
(iii) Newland adjusted two elements in same slot e.g., Co and Ni which differ entirely from
halogens. Iron resembles with Co and Ni, has been placed far away from these elements.

44. The position of three elements A, B and C in the Periodic Table is shown below:

Giving reasons, explain the following:

(a) Element A is a non-metal.
(b) Element B has a larger atomic size than element C.
(c) Element C has a valency of 1
Answer. (a) ‘A’ is non-metal because it can gain electron easily as it has 7 valence electrons and
forms negative ion with stable electronic configuration.
(b) It is because ‘B’ has lesser atomic number, less nuclear charge, less force of attraction
between valence electrons and nucleus therefore, has larger atomic size.
(c) ‘C’ has 7 valence electrons. It can gain one electron to become stable. So, its valency is equal
to one.

45. The position of three elements A, B and C in the Periodic Table is shown below:
Group→ 1 2 13 14 15 16 17
Period ↓
1 B
2 A
3 C
Giving reasons, explain the following:
(a) Element A is non-metal.
(b) Atom of element C has a larger size ‘ than atom of element A.
(c) Element B has a valency of 1.
Answer. (a) It is because it has 7 valence electrons.
 It can gain one electron to form negative ion. So, it is a non-metal.
(b)’C’ has more number of shells than A. So, it is larger in size.
(c)’B’ has one valence electron. It can lose one electron to become stable. So, its valency is equal
to 1.

46. What physical and chemical properties of elements were used by Mendeleev in creating his
periodic table? List two observations which posed a challenge to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law.
Answer. Atomic mass as a physical property and nature and formulae of oxide and hydride
formed, and chemical property was used by Mendeleev.
Following are the two observations which posed a challenge to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law.
(i) Increasing order of atomic weights could not be maintained while matching chemical
properties. Chemical properties do not depend upon atomic mass.
(ii) Isotopes have different atomic mass but same chemical properties.

47. Table given below shows a part of the Periodic Table.

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Using this table, explain why :
(a) Li and Na are considered as active metals.
(b) Atomic size of Mg is less than that of Na. (c) Fluorine is more reactive than Chlorine.
Answer. (a) They can lose electrons easily due to bigger size; energy required to remove electron
is less.
(b) It is because of greater effective nuclear charge on Mg, i.e. more number of protons attract
more number of electrons than Na.
(c) ‘F’ can form F– more easily than Cl due to smaller atomic size. F– is more stable than Cl–.
Therefore, fluorine is more reactive than chlorine.

48. (a) Why do we classify elements?

(b) What were the two criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table?
(c) Why did Mendeleev leave some gaps in his Periodic Table?
(d) In Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, why was there no mention of Noble gases like Helium,
Neon and Argon?
(e) Would you place the two isotopes ‘ of chlorine, CI-35 and CI-37 in different slots because
of their different atomic masses or in the same slot because their chemical properties are the
same? Justify your answer.
Answer. (a) It is done so as to study the properties of elements conveniently.
(b) Increasing order of atomic mass and similarities in chemical properties (especially nature and
formulae of oxide and hydride formed).
(c) These gaps were left for undiscovered elements.
(d) Noble gases were not invented at that time.
(e) They will be kept at same slot as they have same chemical properties.

49. (a) What is meant by periodicity in properties of elements with reference to the periodic
table?
(b) Why do all the elements of the same group have similar properties?
(c) How will the tendency to gain electrons change as we go from left to right across a
period? Why?
Answer. (a) The repetition of same properties after definite interval is called periodicity in
properties.
(b) It is because they have same valence electrons therefore, have similar properties.
(c) Tendency to gain electrons increases from left to right in a period because atomic size goes on
decreasing and effective nuclear charge increases.
50. (a) What are ‘groups’ and ‘periods’ in the ‘periodic table’?
(b) Two elements M and N belong to group I and II respectively and are in the same period
of the periodic table. How do the following properties of M and N vary?
(i) Sizes of their atoms
(ii) Their metallic characters
(iii) Their valencies in forming oxides
(iv) Molecular formulae of their chlorides
Answer.
(a) The vertical columns in the periodic table are called ‘groups’. The horizontal rows in the
periodic table are called ‘periods’.
(b) (i) ‘M’ and ‘N’ belong to same period but group I and II. Therefore, ‘N’ will be smaller than
‘M’ as atomic size goes on decreasing from left to right.
(ii) ‘M’ is more metallic than ‘N’. Metallic character goes on decreasing from left to right as
tendency to lose electrons decreases due to decrease in atomic size.
(iii) Their valencies are 1 and 2 respectively in forming oxides. Valency goes on increasing first
and then decreases.
(iv) MCI, NCI2 are molecular formulae of their chlorides.

51. Atoms of seven elements A, B, C, D, E, F and G have a different number of electronic shells
but have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells. The elements A and C
combine with chlorine to form an acid and common salt respectively. The oxide of element
A is liquid at room temperature and is a neutral substance, while the oxides of the
remaining six elements are basic in nature. Based on the above information, answer the
following questions: What could the element A be?
(i) Will elements A to G belong to the same period or same group of the periodic table?
(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed by the reaction of the element A with
oxygen,
(iv)Show the formation of the compound by a combination of element C with chlorine with
the help of electronic structure.
(v) What would be the ratio of number of combining atoms in a compound formed by the
combination of element A with carbon?
(vi)Which one of the given elements is likely to have the smallest atomic radius?
Answer.
(i)’A’ is hydrogen because its oxide H2O is liquid at room temperature .
(ii)A to G belong to same group of the periodic table as these have same number of valence
electrons.

52. Two elements X and Y belong to group 1 and 2 respectively in the same period of periodic
table. Compare them with respect to: periodic table from the left to the right and why?
(a) the number of valence electrons in their atoms
(b) their valencies
(c) metallic character
(d) the sizes of their atom
(e) formulae of their oxides formulae of their chlorides
 Answer.
(a) ‘X’ has 1 valence electron, Y has 2 valence electrons.
(b) ‘X’ has valency equal to 1, V has valency equal to 2.
(c) ‘X’ is more metallic than Y.
(d) ‘X’ is bigger than Y.
(e) X20 and YO are formulae of their oxides.
(f) and YCI2 are formulae of their chlorides.

53. In the following table, six elements A, B, C, D, E and F (here letters are not the usual
symbols of the elements) of the Modern Periodic Table with atomic numbers 3 to 18 are
given:

(a) Which of these halogen ?is (i) a noble gas, (ii) a halogen
(b) If B combines with F, what would be the formula of the compound formed?
(c)Write the electronic configurations of C and E.
Answer.

54. In the following table, are given eight elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H (here letters are
not the usual symbols of the elements) of the Modern Periodic Table with the atomic
numbers of the elements in parenthesis.

(a) What is the electronic configuration of F?

(b) What is the number of valence electrons in the atom of F?
(c) What is the number of shells in the atom of F?
(d) Write the size of the atoms of E, F, G and H in decreasing order,
(e) State whether F is a metal or a non-metal.
(f) Out of the three elements B, E and F, which one has the biggest atomic size?
Answer.
(a) F has electronic configuration 2, 8, 2.
(b) F has 2 valence electrons.
(c) There are three shells in ‘F’.
(d) H > G > F > E is decreasing order of size of atoms.
(e) ‘F’ is a metal.
(f) ‘B’ is having biggest atomic size among B, E and F.
55. The atomic number of an element is 16. Predict
(a) the number of valence electrons in its atom
(b) its valency
(c) its group number
(d) whether it is a metal or a non- metal
(e) the nature of oxide formed by it
(f) the formula of its chloride
Answer. The electronic configuration of S(16) is 2, 8, 6.
(a) 6
(b) 2
(c) 16
(d) Non-metal
(e) Acidic oxide
(f) SCl2 is a formula of its chloride.

56. The positions of three elements A, B and C in the periodic table are indicated below:
Group 16 Group 17
— — (First Period)
— A (Second Period)
— — (Third Period)
B C (Fourth Period)
(a) State whether element C would be a metal or a non-metal. Why?
(b) Which is the more active element, A or C? Why?
(c) Which type of ion (cation or anion) will be formed by the element C? Why?
Answer.
(a) ‘C will be non-metal because it has 7 valence electrons, it can gain one electron easily.
(b) ‘A’ is more active element than ‘C’ because ‘A’ can gain electron easily.
(c) ‘C’ will gain electron to become negative ion, ie. anion because it will have electrons more
than protons.

57. F, Cl and Br are the elements each having seven valence electrons. Which of these (a) has
the largest atomic radius, (b) is most reactive? Justify your answer stating reason for each.
Answer.
(a) Bromine has largest atomic radius because it has four shells: 2, 8, 18, 7.
(b) Fluorine is most reactive because it is smallest in size and can gain electron easily.

58. Na, Mg and Al are the elements having one, two and three valence electrons respectively.
Which of these elements (a) has the largest atomic radius, (b) is least reactive? Justify your
answer stating reason for each.
Answer.
(a) Na has the largest atomic radius because it has 11 protons and 11 electrons, therefore least
effective nuclear charge.
(b) Al is least reactive because it has smallest atomic size due to 13 protons and 13 electrons, it
has greater effective nuclear charge, therefore, cannot lose electrons easily, hence it is least
reactive.

59. (a) How are the following related?

1. Number of valence electrons of different elements in the same group.
2. Number of shells of elements in the same period.

(b) How do the following change?

1. Number of shells of elements as we go down a group.
 2. Number of valence electrons of elements on moving from , left to right in a
period.
3. Atomic radius in moving from left to right along a period.
4. Atomic size down a group.
Answer.
(a)
1. Different elements in same group have same number of valence electrons.
2. Number of shells of elements in same period are equal.
(b)
1. Number of shells of elements goes on increasing down the group.
2. Number of valence electrons of elements goes on increasing on moving from left to
right in a period, e.g. lithium has 1, beryllium has 2, boron has 3, carbon has 4,
nitrogen has 5, oxygen has 6, fluorine has 7 and neon has 8 valence electrons.
3. Atomic radius goes on decreasing in moving from left to right along a period.
4. Atomic size goes on increasing down a group.

60. (a) How many periods are there in the Modern Periodic Table of elements?
(b) How do atomic radius, valency and metallic character vary down a group?
(c) How do the atomic size and metallic character of elements vary as we move from left to
right in a period?
Answer.
(a) There are 7 periods.
(b) Atomic radius goes on increasing down the group, valency remains same. Metallic character
increases down the group.
(c) Atomic size decreases along a period from left to right. Metallic character decreases along a
period from left to right.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [5 MARKS]

61. (a) Which two criteria did Mendeleev use to classify the elements in his Periodic Table?
(b) State Mendeleev’s periodic law.
(c) Why could no fixed position be given to hydrogen in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?
(i) Sizes of their atoms
(ii) Their metallic characters
(iii) Their valencies in forming oxides
(iv) Molecular formulae of their chlorides
(d) How and why does the atomic size vary as you go
(i) from left to right along a period?
(ii) down a group?
Answer.
(a) (i) Increasing order of atomic mass as physical property and similarities in chemical properties
of elements.
(ii) The formulae and nature of hydrides and oxides formed by elements was treated as basic
chemical property for its classification.
(b) Properties of elements are the periodic functions of their atomic masses.
(c) It is because it resembles both alkali metals as well as halogens.
(d) (i) Atomic size goes on decreasing from left to right because one proton and one electron is
being added successively therefore, force of attraction between . valence electrons and nucleus
increases hence, the atomic size decreases.
(ii) The atomic size goes on increasing from top to bottom in a group because number of shells
keep on increasing therefore, distance between nucleus and valence electrons increases.
62. (a) Did Mendeleev have gaps in his periodic table?
(b) Write any three limitations of Mendeleev’s classification.
(c) Does electronic configurations of atoms change in a period with increase in atomic
number?
Answer. (a)Gaps were left for undiscovered elements in the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.
(b)(i) Position of hydrogen was not justified.
(ii)Increasing order of atomic mass could not be maintained.
(iii) Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different atomic masses, they cannot be given
separate places.
(c)Number of shells remains the same, number of valence electrons goes on increasing from left
to right in a period till octet is comilete,e.g.

63. Atoms of eight elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H have the same number of electronic shells
but different number of electrons in their outermost shell. It was found that elements A and
G combine to form an ionic compound. This compound is added in a small amount to
almost all vegetable dishes during cooking. Oxides of elements A and B are basic in nature
while those of E and F are acidic. The oxide of D is almost neutral. Based on the above
information answer the following questions:
(a) To which group or period of the Periodic Table do the listed elements belong?
(b) What would be the nature of compound formed by a combination of elements B and F?
(c) Which two of these elements could definitely be metals?
(d) Which one of the eight elements is most likely to be found in gaseous state at room
temperature?
(e) If the number of electrons in the outermost shell of elements C and G be 3 and 7
respectively, write the formula of the compound formed by the combination of C and G.
Answer.
(a) A and B belong to group 1 and 2 because they form basic oxides. C belongs to group 13 as it
has 3 valence electrons. D belongs to group 14 as it forms almost neutral oxide. E and F belong to
group 15 and 16 as they form acidic oxides, G belongs to group 17 as it has 7 valence electrons
and H belongs to group 18. They belong to 3rd period of the Periodic Table because AG is NaCI,
added in a small amount to almost all vegetable dishes during cooking and Na and Cl belong to
3rd period.
(b) Ionic compounds will be formed because ‘B’ is metal and ‘F’ is non-metal. ‘B’ can lose two
electrons and ‘F’ can gain two electrons.
(c) A and B are definitely metals as they form basic oxides.
(d) G and H are gaseous at room temperature.
(e) CG3 is the formula of the compound formed by combination of C and G.

64. Atoms of eight elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H have the same number of electronic shells
but different number of electrons in their outermost shells. It was found that elements A
and G combine to form an ionic compound which can also be extracted from sea water.
Oxides of the elements A and B are basic in nature while those of E and F are acidic. The
oxide of element D is almost neutral. Answer the following questions based on the
information given herein:
(a) To which group or period of the periodic table do the listed elements belong?
(b) Which one of the eight elements is likely to be a noble gas?
(c) Which one of the eight elements would have the largest atomic radius?
(d) Which two elements amongst these are likely to be non¬metals?
(e) Which one of these eight elements is likely to be a semi-metal or metalloid?

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 278 -

 Answer.
(a) A and B belong to group 1 and 2 because they form basic oxides. C belongs to group 13 as it
has 3 valence electrons. D belongs to group 14 as it forms almost neutral oxide. E and F belong to
group 15 – and 16 as they form acidic oxides, G belongs to group 17 as it has 7 valence electrons
and H belongs to group 18. They belong to 3rd period of Periodic Table because sodium belongs
to 3rd period and AG is NaCI, ionic compound of sodium which can be obtained from sea water
and A(Na) and G(CI) belong to 3rd period.
(b) H belongs to noble gas.
(c) A has the largest atomic radius.
(d) E and F are likely to be non¬metals.
(e) D is likely to be metalloid or semi-metal.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 Mark]

1. The property of an element in the periodic table depends on its, ________.

i) atomic size
ii) atomic mass
iii) electronic configuration
iv) number of protons

2. An element has configuration 2, 8, 1. It belongs to, _________.

i). 1 group and 3rd period
ii). 3 group and 1st period
iii). 1 group and 8th period
iv). 17 group and 3rd period

3. The number of electrons in the valence shell is equal to its ________.

i). atomic mass
ii). group number
iii). period number
iv). atomic volume

4. The non-metallic element present in the third period other than sulphur and chlorine is
i). oxygen
ii). fluorine
iii). nitrogen
iv). Phosphorus

5. At the end of each period the valence shell is __________.

i). incomplete
ii). half filled
iii). singly occupied
iv). completely filled

6. The family of elements having seven electrons in the outermost shell is ______.
i). alkali metals
ii). alkaline earth metals
iii). halogens
iv). noble gases
7. Which of the following factors does not affect the metallic character of an element?
i). Atomic size
ii). Ionisation potential
iii). Electronegativity
iv). Atomic radius

8. The family of elements to which potassium belongs is _________.

i). alkali metals
ii). alkaline earth metals
iii). halogens
iv). noble gases

9. The modern periodic table is given by ________

i). Mendeleev
ii). Einstein
iii). Bohr
iv). Mosley

10. Elements belonging to groups 1 to 17 are called __________.

i). noble gases
ii). normal elements
iii). transition elements
iv). inner transition elements

11. A liquid non-metal is ___________.

i). phosphorous
ii). mercury
iii). bromine
iv). Nitrogen

12. The first alkali metal is _________.

i). hydrogen
ii). lithium
iii). sodium
iv). Francium

13. A purple coloured solid halogen is ________.

i). chlorine
ii). bromine
iii). iodine
iv). Astatine

14. Lanthanides and actinides are also called ___________.

i). normal elements
ii). transition elements
iii). noble gases
iv). inner transition elements

15. The family of elements to which calcium belongs is __________.

i). alkali metals
ii). alkaline earth metals
iii). halogens
iv). noble gases
16. The least reactive element in group 17 is ___________.
i). fluorine
ii). chlorine
iii). bromine
iv). Iodine

17. The valency of chlorine with respect to oxygen is __________.

i). 1
ii). 3
iii). 5
iv). 7

18. The number of shells in the elements of 3rd period is __________.

i). 1
ii). 2
iii). 3
iv). 0

19. Four elements along a period have atomic number (11, 13, 16 and 17). The most metallic among
these has an atomic number of __________.
i). 11
ii). 12
iii). 16
iv). 17
20. Six elements A, B, C, D, E and F have the following atomic numbers (A = 12, B = 17, C = 18, D
= 7, E = 9 and F = 11). Among these elements, the element, which belongs to the 3rd period and
has the highest ionisation potential, is __________.
i). A
ii). B
iii). C
iv). F

21. A factor that affects the ionisation potential of an element is __________.

i). atomic size
ii). electron affinity
iii). electro-negativity
iv). Neutrons

22. The element, which has the highest electron affinity in the 3rd period is _________.
i). Na
ii). Mg
iii). Si
iv). Cl

23. The element, which has zero electron affinity in the 3rd period is __________.
i). Al
ii). P
iii). Ar
iv). S

24. The statement that is not true about electron affinity is

i). It causes energy to be released
ii). It causes energy to be absorbed
 iii). It is expressed in electron volts
iv). It involves formation of an anion

25. Down a group, the electron affinity __________.

i). increases
ii). decreases
iii). remains same
iv). increases and then decreases

26. Upto which element, the Law of Octaves was found to be applicable
(a) Oxygen
(b) Calcium
(c) Cobalt
(d) Potassium

27. According to Mendeleev's Periodic Law, the elements were arranged in the periodic table in the
order of
(a) increasing atomic number
(b) decreasing atomic number
(c) increasing atomic masses
(d) decreasing atomic masses

28. In Mendeleev ’s Periodic Table, gaps were left for the elements to be discovered later. Which of
the following elements found a place in the perioidc table later
(a) Germanium
(b) Chlorine
(c) Oxygen
(d) Silicon

29. Which of the following statement (s) about the Modern Periodic Table are incorrect
(i) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their decreasing
atomic number
(ii) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing
atomic masses
(iii) Isotopes are placed in adjoining group (s) in the Periodic Table
(iv) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing
atomic number
(a) (i) only (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (iv) only

30. Which of the following statements about the Modern Periodic Table is correct:
(a) It has 18 horizontal rows known as Periods
(b) It has 7 vertical columns known as Periods
(c) It has 18 vertical columns known as Groups
(d) It has 7 horizontal rows known as Groups

31. Which of the given elements A, B, C, D and E with atomic number 2, 3, 7, 10 and 30 respectively
belong to the same period?
(a) A, B, C
(b) B, C, D
(c) A, D, E
(d) B, D, E
32. The elements A, B, C, D and E have atomic number 9, 11, 17, 12 and 13 respectively. Which pair
of elements belong to the same group?
(a) A and B
(b) B and D
(c) A and C
(d) D and E

33. Where would you locate the element with electronic configuration 2,8 in the Modern Periodic
Table?
(a) Group 8
(b) Group 2
(c) Group 18
(d) Group 10

34. An element which is an essential constituent of all organic compounds belongs to

(a) group 1
(b) group 14
(c) group 15
(d) group 16

35. Which of the following is the outermost shell for elements of period 2?
(a) K shell
(b) L shell
(c) M shell
(d) N shell

36. Which one of the following elements exhibit maximum number of valence electrons?
(a) Na (b) Al
(c) Si (d) P

37. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ?
(a) O, F, N (b) N, F, O
(c) O, N, F (d) F, O, N

38. Which among the following elements has the largest atomic radii?
(a) Na
(b) Mg
(c) K
(d) Ca

39. Which of the following elements would lose an electron easily?

(a) Mg
(b) Na
(c) K
(d) Ca

40. Which of the following elements does not lose an electron easily?
(a) Na (b) F
(c) Mg (d) Al

41. Which of the following are the characteristics of isotopes of an element?

(i) Isotopes of an element have same atomic masses
(ii) Isotopes of an element have same atomic number
 (iii) Isotopes of an element show same physical properties
(iv) Isotopes of an element show same chemical properties
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)

42. Arrange the following elements in the order of their decreasing metallic character
Na, Si, Cl, Mg, Al
(a) Cl > Si >Al > Mg >Na
(b) Na >Mg >Al >Si > Cl
(c) Na > Al > Mg > Cl > Si
(d) Al > Na> Si > Ca> Mg

43. Arrange the following elements in the order of their increasing nonmetallic character
Li, O, C, Be, F
(a) F < O < C < Be < Li
(b) Li < Be < C < O< F
(c) F < O < C < Be < Li
(d) F < O < Be < C < Li

44. What type of oxide would Eka– aluminium form?

(a) EO3 (b) E3O2 (c) E2O3 (d) EO

45. Three elements B, Si and Ge are

(a) metals (b) non-metals
(c) metalloids (d) metal, non-metal and metalloid respectively

46. Which of the following elements will form an acidic oxide?

(a) An element with atomic number 7
(b) An element with atomic number 3
(c) An element with atomic number 12
(d) An element with atomic number 19

47. The element with atomic number 14 is hard and forms acidic oxide and a covalent halide. To
which of the following categories does the element belong?
(a) Metal (b) Metalloid
(c) Non-metal (d) Left-hand side element

48. Which one of the following does not increase while moving down the group of the periodic table?
(a) Atomic radius (b) Metallic character
(c) Valence (d) Number of shells in an element

49. On moving from left to right in a period in the periodic table, the size of the atom.
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) does not change appreciably (d) first decreases and then increases

50. Which of the following set of elements is written in order of their increasing metallic character?
(a) Be Mg Ca
(b) Na Li K
(c) Mg Al Si
(d) C O N
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