FEDERALLYFEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

P.M.B 1526, OWERRI, IMO STATE.

A TECHNICAL REPORT
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND MATERIALS.

DONE BY

SAM AWA ONYEKACHI

REG NO: 20201213356

DEPARTMENT: PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE : PMT 403

COURSE TITLE: INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO
DR. BEN AMADE

JULY, 2024.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I acknowledge God Almighty for granting me the wisdom,
strength, and opportunity to undertake this study on Construction Equipment. I
am deeply grateful to Dr. Ben Amade for entrusting me with this assignment
and for his invaluable guidance and support throughout the project. I extend my
heartfelt thanks to Federal University of Technology Owerri for providing the
necessary resources and facilities. Special appreciation goes to my parents,
whose unwavering support and encouragement have been a constant source of
inspiration. I also acknowledge my colleagues and friends for their insights and
assistance. Their contributions have enriched this report immeasurably. Lastly, I
am thankful to all those who, directly or indirectly, contributed to this endeavor,
shaping my understanding and perspective on this vital topic.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
Information About The Construction Site used for Survey
Chapter 2 : Construction Equipment found on the site and
Construction Tools
Chapter 3: Conclusion

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is undergoing significant transformation, driven by
advancements in equipment, tools, and materials. Understanding these key
components is essential for appreciating their impact on modern construction
practices. Construction equipment refers to machinery and devices designed for
specific tasks in the construction process, such as earth-moving, material
handling, and concrete mixing. These machines, ranging from excavators and
bulldozers to cranes and concrete mixers, enhance efficiency, safety, and
precision in construction activities.
Construction tools are handheld or power-driven instruments used by workers to
perform tasks such as cutting, shaping, assembling, and finishing materials.
Examples include hammers, saws, drills, and wrenches. The evolution of tools
towards more ergonomic and technologically advanced designs has significantly
improved worker productivity and safety. Construction materials encompass the
substances used in the building process, including traditional materials like
wood, steel, and concrete, as well as modern innovations such as composite
materials, recycled content, and smart materials. These materials are selected
based on their properties, such as strength, durability, and sustainability.
This report explores the latest developments and trends in construction
equipment, tools, and materials. It examines how these advancements are
revolutionizing the industry by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and
promoting sustainability. By analyzing contemporary case studies and research,
the report provides insights into the practical applications and future prospects
of these innovations, serving as a valuable resource for construction
professionals and stakeholders aiming to stay at the forefront of technological
advancements.

NECESSARY INFORMATION ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

USED FOR THIS STUDY.
My name is sam awa onyekachi a student of pmt 400level and i am
from ohafia LGA the site i went to is located at the back of the newly
built ict center just near Elvis bukateria.
On reaching there i had to introduce myself with my id card and i was
carried to go and meet the construction manager. The site is a very
large site with sloppy grounds that i almost fell on my way due to i
was not carefull and not paying attention to the safety signboards
there. There were huge cranes for workers to be staying it was a big
site and a very big project where they are building like a new lecture
hall building

CHAPTER 2
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT FOUND ON THE SITE
Metal Scaffolding
Metal scaffolding is a temporary structure made from steel or aluminum tubes
and fittings, providing a stable platform for construction workers and materials.
It is designed to be assembled and disassembled quickly, with adjustable
components to fit various building shapes and heights. Common types include
frame scaffolding, tube and clamp scaffolding, and mobile scaffolding towers.
Function
1. Access and Safety: Metal scaffolding provides safe and stable access to
elevated work areas, enabling construction workers to perform tasks such as
bricklaying, plastering, painting, and installation at various heights. It ensures
that workers can reach difficult areas safely and efficiently.
2. Suport Structures: It serves as temporary support for building components
during construction, such as beams, slabs, and other structural elements.
Scaffolding holds these components in place until they are permanently secured.
3. Material Handling: Scaffolding facilitates the easy movement and storage of
materials and tools at different levels of a construction site, reducing the time
and effort needed to transport them up and down.
4. Stability and Durability: Metal scaffolding is robust and can support heavy
loads, making it suitable for extensive construction projects. Its durability
ensures it can withstand harsh weather conditions and repeated use over long
periods.
5. Versatility: The modular nature of metal scaffolding allows it to be adapted to
different project requirements, whether it's for constructing high-rise buildings,
bridges, or residential homes.
The image in the next page shows the metal scaffolding
Bulldozer
A bulldozer is a heavy-duty construction machine equipped with a large metal
blade in the front and a crawler track for stability and traction. It is powered by
a diesel engine.
Functions of Bulldozer Construction
Earthmoving: Pushing and moving large quantities of soil, debris, and other
materials.
Grading: Leveling and smoothing surfaces.
Clearing: Clearing vegetation, rocks, and obstacles from construction sites.
Below is the image of the Bulldozer
Wheel barrow
A wheelbarrow is a small hand-propelled vehicle with one wheel at the front
and two supporting legs at the rear. It has a shallow container (tray) and two
handles for manual operation. Constructed from steel, plastic, or wood,
wheelbarrows are designed for easy maneuverability and efficient transport of
materials over short distances.
Uses in Construction
Wheelbarrows are used to transport small loads of materials such as concrete,
sand, gravel, bricks, and debris around the construction site.Site Clean-Up:
They facilitate the removal of waste and debris, keeping the construction site
clean and organized.
Concrete Mixing: In smaller projects,wheelbarrows can be used to mix and pour
concrete.
Landscaping: Essential for moving soil, mulch, and plants for landscaping tasks
on the site.

An
image showing wheel barrow
Crawler Excavator
A crawler excavator is a heavy-duty construction machine mounted on tracks
(crawlers) with a rotating cab and a hydraulic arm equipped with a bucket or
other attachments. It is known for its stability, power, and ability to operate in
diverse terrains and conditions.
Function:
1. Excavation: Digs trenches, foundations, and pits with precision and
efficiency.
2. Material Handling: Moves and loads materials such as soil, rocks, and
debris.
3. Demolition: Breaks down structures and removes debris on construction
sites.
4. Utility Installation: Digs trenches for pipes, cables, and drainage systems.

Hammer
A hammer in construction refers to a handheld tool with a heavy head, typically
made of metal, attached to a handle. It is used primarily for driving nails,
breaking objects, and shaping materials like wood and metal. Hammers come in
various types, such as claw hammers for pulling nails, sledgehammers for
heavy-duty tasks, and ball-peen hammers for metalwork. They are indispensable
for tasks requiring impact force and precision in construction and carpentry.

An
image of
a Hammer.

Cement Mixer
A cement mixer, also known as a concrete mixer, is a crucial piece of equipment
in the construction industry used to mix cement, aggregates (such as sand or
gravel), and water to form concrete.
Components of a Cement Mixer
a. Drum: The drum is a rotating container where the cement mix is
prepared. It is usually inclined to allow the ingredients to mix properly.
b. Blades: Inside the drum, blades are attached to the walls. As the drum
rotates, these blades help to mix the cement, aggregates, and water uniformly.
c. Motor: The motor provides the power needed to rotate the drum. It can be
electric or gasoline-powered, depending on the mixer type.
d. Chassis: The chassis is the frame of the mixer. It supports the drum and
motor and often has wheels for mobility.
e. Discharge Chute: This is used to direct the mixed concrete out of the
drum and into a wheelbarrow, formwork, or another container.
f. Control Panel: This component includes switches and levers to operate
the mixer, such as starting/stopping the drum rotation and adjusting the drum's
angle.
Functions of a Cement Mixer in the Construction Site
1. Cement mixers ensure that the cement, aggregates, and water are
thoroughly mixed, resulting in a uniform and consistent concrete mixture. This
is crucial for the strength and durability of the concrete.
2. The use of cement mixer significantly reduces the time and labor required
to mix concrete manually. It allows for continuous production of concrete,
which is essential for large construction projects.
3. Quality Control: A cement mixer provides better control over the mixing
process, ensuring that the correct proportions of materials are used. This
enhances the overall quality and reliability of the concrete.
4. Cement mixers can be used for various types of concrete mixes, catering
to different construction needs, whether it's for foundations, walls, floors, or
other structural elements.
5. Many cement mixers are designed to be portable, allowing them to be
easily moved around the construction site to where they are needed most.
6. Batchng: They can mix concrete in batches, which is useful for projects
that require different concrete properties at different stages.
An image showing
cement mixer

Water Tank
Plastic water tanks are durable, lightweight containers made from high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) or other robust plastic materials. They also called GB Tank. They come in various
sizes and shapes, The above tank is cylindrical in shape. Water tanks typically UV-resistant to
withstand prolonged exposure to sunlight. These tanks are easy to transport and install,
making them a popular choice for storing water on construction sites.
Uses in Construction:
Plastic water tanks store potable water for workers' drinking and sanitary needs, ensuring a
reliable supply of clean water.
Adequate water storage is essential for mixing concrete. Plastic water tanks provide a
convenient source of water for this purpose, ensuring consistent quality and strength of the
concrete mix.
Fire Safety: In case of fire emergencies, plastic water tanks serve as a readily available source
of water for firefighting, enhancing site safety.
Equipment Cleaning: They provide water for cleaning construction equipment, vehicles, and
tools, maintaining their functionality and extending their lifespan.

Image Showing Water Tank

CHAPTER 3
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study has provided a comprehensive overview of
Construction Equipment, emphasizing its pivotal role in modern construction
practices. Through meticulous research and analysis, various types of
equipment, including earthmoving machinery, cranes, and specialized tools,
were examined for their functionality, efficiency, and safety considerations on
construction sites. The importance of selecting the right equipment based on
project requirements and environmental factors emerged as a critical factor in
optimizing construction processes. Effective utilization of equipment not only
enhances productivity but also ensures the safety of workers and minimizes
project costs.
Moreover, technological advancements such as telematics, GPS tracking, and
automation were identified as transformative trends shaping the future of
construction equipment. These innovations promise to improve efficiency,
reduce downtime, and enhance overall project management capabilities.
The study underscores the indispensable role of Construction Equipment in
shaping the built environment. By embracing innovation, addressing challenges,
and prioritizing safety and efficiency, stakeholders can leverage equipment to
achieve sustainable development goals and propel the construction industry
towards a prosperous future.