COMPUTER APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT IN PAPER 1

Revision and clarification of content

that could be tested in the
final examination of Paper 1

as per the
2022 Examination Guidelines Grade 12

With thanks to:

CAT Advisors: Shani Nunkumar (KZN), Estelle Llewellyn (KZN), Fotiene Avrakotos (GAUTENG), Vani Pather (KZN)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPREADSHEETS 3
1. DATE and TIME FUNCTIONS 3
1.2 TODAY FUNCTION 4
1.3 DAY FUNCTION 5
1.4 MONTH FUNCTION 6
1.5 YEAR FUNCTION 7
1.6 DATE FUNCTION 8
1.7 DAYS FUNCTION 8
1.8 HOUR FUNCTION 10
1.9 MINUTE FUNCTION 10
1.10 TIME FUNCTION 12
2. MATH AND TRIG FUNCTIONS 14
2.1 RANDBETWEEN FUNCTION 14
2.2 SUBTOTAL FUNCTION 15
3. STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS 19
3.1 COUNTIFS FUNCTION 19
3.2 SUMIFS FUNCTION 21
4. LOOKUP and REFERENCE FUNCTIONS 23
4.1 VLOOKUP FUNCTION 23
4.2 HLOOKUP FUNCTION 25
WORD PROCESSING 27
1. ELECTRONIC FORMS 27
1.1 LEGACY CONTROLS 27
2. REFERENCING FUNCTIONS 28
2.1 INDEX 28
DATABASES (REVISION) 29
FORMS, QUERIES AND REPORTS AS INDICATED ON PAGE 40 OF THE CAPS: 29
1. MULTIPLE RELATED TABLES 29
HTML 30

SPREADSHEETS
This booklet attempts to unpack the 'new' functions as listed in the Computer Application Technology
Grade 12 Exam Guidelines.
The DATE and TIME functions are not listed in the same order as the Computer Application Technology
Grade 12 Exam Guidelines. The reason for this was to follow a logical sequence, i.e. DAY MONTH
YEAR, and HOUR MINUTE SECOND, etc.
You are strongly advised to work through ALL the DATE and TIME functions first and do only the Level 1
activities of ALL the DATE and TIME functions, before attempting the Level 2 and 3 activities.
1. DATE and TIME FUNCTIONS

1.1 NOW FUNCTION

PURPOSE The NOW function returns the current date and time as a serial number from the system clock. The
date and time automatically updates each time the worksheet is opened.

It can be used to calculate a value based on the current date and time. The current date and time is
displayed according to the date settings in the Control Panel.

SYNTAX =NOW()

AND The NOW function has no arguments.

ARGUMENT/S

EXAMPLE/S

Function Description Result

=NOW(B1) Returns the current date and time The result depends on the current
of the computer system. computer system date.
Example:

ACTIVITY Work in the Now Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:

Level 1: Enter the current date and time in cell B2 so that it automatically updates each time the
worksheet is opened.
Save the spreadsheet as Now Function_Activity 1_Ans.

1.2 TODAY FUNCTION

PURPOSE The TODAY function returns the current date as a serial number.

The date automatically updates each time the worksheet is opened.

It can be used to calculate a value based on the current date. The current date is displayed according
to the date settings in the Control Panel.

SYNTAX =TODAY()

AND The TODAY function has no arguments.

ARGUMENTS

EXAMPLE/S
 Function Description Result
=TODAY(B1) Returns the current date of the The result depends on the
computer system. current computer system date.

Example:

ACTIVITY Work in the Today Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:

Level 1: Enter the current date in cell B3 so that it automatically updates each time the worksheet is
opened. (Number/cell format should be Date.)
Level 2 Insert a function/formula in cell B5 to determine the number of days between the date of
birth and the current date in cell B3.
Level 3: Insert a function/formula in cell B6 to determine the age in completed years.
Save the spreadsheet as Today Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.3 DAY FUNCTION
PURPOSE The DAY function returns the day of a date, represented by a serial number.

The day is returned as an integer ranging from 1 to 31.

SYNTAX =DAY(serial_number)

AND The DAY function has one argument, serial_number, which represents a date that contains the day you
ARGUMENT/S want to find.

The DAY function returns the day from the date argument serial_number.

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

=DAY(B1) Day of the date in cell B1 26
=DAY(B2) Day of the date in cell B2 21
ACTIVITY Work in the Day Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:
Level 1: Insert a function in cell B5 to determine the day of the month that the car was bought by the
first owner. (Number/cell format must be General/Number.)
Level 2: The buyer wants to take delivery of the car 15 days after the date sold. Insert a
function/formula in cell B6 to determine the age of the car in days on the day of delivery.
Level 3: The new buyer was given 30 days to register the car from the date he bought the car. Insert a
function/formula in cell B7 to determine what the final date for the car registration was.
Save the spreadsheet as Day Function_Activity 1_Ans.

NOTE:

● Activities involving a formula are generally cognitive level 2 (C2).

● Activities involving a combination of functions, giving a formula, are generally cognitive level 3 (C3).
1.4 MONTH FUNCTION
PURPOSE The MONTH function returns the month of a date represented by a serial number. The month is
returned as an integer, ranging from 1 (represents January) to 12 (represents December).

SYNTAX =MONTH(serial_number)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The MONTH function has one argument, serial_number, which represents a date that contains the
month you want to find.

The MONTH function returns the month from the date argument serial_number.

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

=MONTH(B1) Month of the date in cell B1 4
=MONTH(B2) Month of the date in cell B2 5
ACTIVITY Work in the Month Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:
Level 1: Insert a function in cell B5 to determine the month of the current date (cell B3). (Number/cell
format must be General/Number.)
Level 2: A person qualifies for a gift only if the month of the current date is the same as the month of
the date of birth. Insert a function/formula in cell B6 to display a message 'Gift' if a person qualifies
otherwise the cell must be left blank.
Level 3: A person can apply for a bonus three (3) months prior to the current date. Insert a
function/formula in cell B7 to determine the date on which a person can apply for a bonus.
Save the spreadsheet as Month Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.5 YEAR FUNCTION
PURPOSE The YEAR function returns the year of a date, represented by a serial number.

The year returned is an integer in the range 1900-9999.

SYNTAX =YEAR(serial_number)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The YEAR function has one argument, serial_number which represents the date that contains the year
you want to find.

The YEAR function returns the year from the date argument serial_number.

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

=YEAR(B1) Year of the date in cell B1 2016
=YEAR(B2) Year of the date in cell B2 2017
ACTIVITY Work in the Year Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:
Level 1:
Insert a function in cell B5 to determine the year of the date of birth (cell B4).
Level 2:
A person aged 30 years and above qualifies for a bonus of R2 000; and a person under the age of 30
qualifies for a bonus of R1 000. Use the YEAR function and insert a formula in cell B6 to display the
amount the person with the birthdate in cell B4 will get.
Level 3:
In 1 year and 3 months' time from the current date, a person will be entitled to apply for a scholarship.
Insert a function/formula in cell B7 to determine the date on which a person becomes eligible for a
scholarship.
Save the spreadsheet as Year Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.6 DATE FUNCTION
PURPOSE The DATE function returns the serial number for a particular date.

SYNTAX =DATE(year,month,day)

AND The DATE function has three compulsory arguments namely year, month and day which represent the
ARGUMENT/S year, month and day in a date.

The DATE function syntax has the following arguments:

1. Year Required. A number from 1900 to 999 representing the year.
2. Month Required. A number from 1 to 12 representing the month.
3. Day Required. A number from 1 to 31 representing the day.

Example:

=DATE(2017,02,14) will return the serial number 42780 if the cell has a General formatting, else the
cell will display 2017-02-24 in the Date formatting.

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

Creates a date using the year 2017, the
=DATE(2017,2,14) 2017/02/14
month 2 and the day 14 in cell B1
ACTIVITY Work in the Date Function_Activity 1 spreadsheet:
Level 1: A teacher created an assignment for his/her class. Insert a DATE function in cell B2 to display
the date on which the assignment was created if the year is 2017, the month is May and the day is 12.
Level 2: An assignment is due 20 days later than the date that on which the assignment was created.
Insert a function/formula in cell B3 to determine the due date of the assignment.
Level 3: Insert a function in cell B4 to determine whether the assignment's due date (cell B3) has
expired or not. Use today's date that is given in cell B1. Display appropriate messages.
Save the spreadsheet as Date Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.7 DAYS FUNCTION
PURPOSE The DAYS function returns the number of days between two dates.

SYNTAX =DAYS(end_date,start_date)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The DAYS function has two compulsory arguments namely end_date and start_date.

The start_date will be subtracted from the end_date.

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

Finds the number of days between the end date in
=DAYS(B3,B2) 25
cell B3 and the start date in cell B2
Finds the number of days between the end date in
=DAYS(C3,C2) cell C3 and the start date in cell C2 656

NOTE:

The DAYS function is the same as subtracting the start date from the end date, i.e.:

=Days(B3,B2) is the same as : =B3-B2

ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Days Function_Activity 1:

Level 1: Insert a function in cell B5 to determine the number of days since the Review date (cell B3) and
the date of the last assignment (cell B4).
Level 2: Insert a function/formula in cell B6 to determine the number of month/s that have passed since
the Review date (cell B3) and the date of the last assignment (cell B4). Round the months up to the
nearest integer.
(C3 D3)1 Level 3: Use the DAYS function and insert a function/formula in cell B7 to determine the number of
completed years that has elapsed since the date of the last assignment (cell B4) and Review date (cell
B3).
Save the spreadsheet as Days Function_Activity 1_Ans.

1 Authors' interpretation of the cognitive level and difficulty level.

1.8 HOUR FUNCTION
PURPOSE The HOUR function returns the hour of a time value.

The hour is given as an integer, ranging from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).

SYNTAX =HOUR(serial_number)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The HOUR function has ONE compulsory argument serial_number which represents the time that
contains the hour you want to find.

The HOUR function returns the hour from the time argument serial_number.

Times may be entered as

● data in time format (for example, 6:45),

● text strings within quotation marks (for example, "6:45 PM"),

● decimal numbers (for example, 0.78125, which represents 6:45 PM), or

● results of other formulas or functions (for example, TIMEVALUE("6:45 PM")).

NOTE:

Time values make up a portion of a date value and are represented by a decimal number (for example,
12:00 PM is represented as 0.5 because it is half of a day).

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

Returns an integer hour of the time (which is in
=HOUR(B2) 15
time format) in cell B2
Returns an integer hour of the time (which is in
=HOUR(B3) 12
decimal format) in cell B3
Returns an integer hour of the time "09:37"
=HOUR("09:37") 9
(which is a string)
ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Hour Function_Activity 1:
Level 1: Insert a function in cell B4 to determine the hour that the movie started (cell B2).
Level 2: Insert a formula in cell B5 to determine the length of the movie.
Level 2: Display the time completed (cell B3) in decimal format in cell B6.
Level 2: Display the decimal time (cell B7) in the format hh:mm in cell B8.
Level 3: A new promotional movie takes place 2 hours after the starting time of the original movie.
Insert a function/formula in cell B9 to determine the time that the promotion movie will start. Note:
You may assume that the seconds will be zero.
Save the spreadsheet as Hour Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.9 MINUTE FUNCTION
PURPOSE The MINUTE function returns the minutes of a time value. The minute is given as an integer, ranging
from 0 to 59.

SYNTAX =MINUTE (serial_number)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The MINUTE function has one compulsory argument namely serial_number which represents the time.

The MINUTE function returns the minute from the time argument serial_number.

Times may be entered as text strings within quotation marks (for example, "6:45 PM") or as decimal
numbers (for example, 0.78125).

NOTE:

Time values make up a portion of a date value and are represented by a decimal number (for example,
12:00 PM is represented as 0.5 because it is half of a day).

EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

=MINUTE(B2) Returns an integer minute of the time (which is in 45
time format) in cell B2

=MINUTE(B3) Returns an integer minute of the time (which is in 52

decimal format) in cell B3
=MINUTE("09:37") Returns an integer minute of the time "09:37" 37
(which is a string)
ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Minute Function_Activity 1:
Level 1: Insert a function in cell B4 to determine the minute of the time that the movie finished (cell
B3).
Level 2: Insert a function in cell B5 to determine the time difference between the time the movie
started and the time it finished.
Level 3: Twenty minutes after the movie ends, the movie house will market the movie by giving away
toys. Insert a function/formula in cell B6 to determine the time the promotion will start. Display the
time in hh:mm format. Note: You may assume that the seconds will be zero.
Save the spreadsheet as Minute Function_Activity 1_Ans.
1.10 TIME FUNCTION
PURPOSE The TIME function returns the decimal number for a particular time.

If the cell format was General before the function was entered, the result is formatted as a date.

The decimal number returned by TIME is a value ranging from 0 (zero) to 0.99988426, representing
the times from 0:00:00 (12:00:00 AM) to 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.).

SYNTAX =TIME(hour,minute,second)

AND
The TIME function syntax has the following arguments:
ARGUMENT/S
1. Hour Required. A number from 0 (zero) to 32767 representing the hour.
(Any value greater than 23 will be divided by 24 and the remainder will be treated as the hour
value. For example, TIME(27,0,0) = TIME(3,0,0) = 0.125 or 3:00 AM.)
2. Minute Required. A number from 0 to 32767 representing the minute.
(Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours and minutes. For example, TIME(0,750,0)
= TIME(12,30,0) = 0.520833 or 12:30 PM.)
3. Second Required. A number from 0 to 32767 representing the second.
(Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours, minutes, and seconds. For example,
TIME(0,0,2000) = TIME(0,33,22) = 0.023148 or 12:33:20 AM.)
EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

=TIME(14,30,0) Creates a time with 14 hours, 30 0.604166667
minutes and 0 seconds.
Displays as decimal time because the
cell format is General

=TIME(14,30,0) Creates a time with 14 hours, 30 2:30 PM

minutes and 0 seconds.
Displays as time because the cell
format is Custom
=TIME(14,30,0) Creates a time with 14 hours, 30 1900/01/00
minutes and 0 seconds.
Displays as date because the cell
format is Date
ACTIVITY Work the spreadsheet Time Function_Activity 1:
Level 1: Insert a function in cell B3 to create the rainfall's estimated time at 20 hours, 35 minutes
and 15 seconds. The time must display in the hh:mm:ss format.
Level 2: Insert a TEXT function in cell B6 to extract the time from the report time (cell B5).
Level 3: The estimated time of the snowfall is 2 hours and 13 minutes after the rainfall's estimated
(C2 D2) time (cell B4). Insert a function in cell B4 to determine the estimated time of the snow. You may
assume that the seconds will be zero.
Level 3: Insert a function in cell B7 to extract the date from the report time (cell B5).
Save the spreadsheet as Time Function_Activity 1_Ans.

FURTHER READING
http://www.exceltactics.com/definitive-guide-using-dates-times-excel/

NOTE: FUNCTION vs FORMULA

A function is a built-in operation, such as SUM(), AVERAGE(), etc.

A formula (also known as an equation) is something that the user defines, and can use/refer to various functions in it. A
formula starts with an = sign, such as =(D1+D2)/A$3.

They are similar in that both return a result based on the calculations that each performs. The difference is that a function is
a built-in calculation, while a formula is a user-defined calculation. A formula could just use a single function together with
another calculation.

For example, if you enter =SUM(G4+A5) - 25 * MIN(B3:B6), it is a formula which uses both the SUM function and the MIN
function, as well as standard mathematical operators (-, +, *).
2. MATH AND TRIG FUNCTIONS
2.1 RANDBETWEEN FUNCTION
PURPOSE The RANDBETWEEN function returns a random integer number between the numbers you specify.

A new random integer number is returned every time the worksheet is calculated.

SYNTAX =RANDBETWEEN (bottom,top)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The RANDBETWEEN function has two compulsory arguments, i.e. bottom and top.

Bottom refers to the smallest random number that will be returned (includes the bottom number)
and top refers to the highest random number that will be returned (includes the top number).

EXAMPLES
Function Description Result
Returns any integer number in the range 1
=RANDBETWEEN(1,100) to 100 varies

Returns any integer number in the range

=RANDBETWEEN(30,80) 30 to 80 varies

NOTE:

=TRUNC(RAND()*(100-30)+20) is the same as =RANDBETWEEN(20,90).

Both functions will generate a random number in the range 20 to 90

ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Randbetween Function_Activity 1:

Work in the Employee worksheet.
Level 1: Insert a function in cell E2 to randomly generate a trading number in the range 1 to 100.
Level 2: Each employee is allocated a 4-digit employee number. Insert a function in cell B5 to
randomly generate a 4-digit employee number for the first employee. Copy the function for the rest
of the employees.
Level 3: Insert a function/formula in cell C5 to randomly place each employee in a group using the
list in the Group worksheet and a randomly generated value. Copy the function/formula for the
other employees.
Save the spreadsheet as Randbetween Function_Activity 1_Ans.
2.2 SUBTOTAL FUNCTION
PURPOSE The SUBTOTAL function/feature returns a subtotal in a list or database.

Find the SUBTOTAL feature on the Data tab of the ribbon.

SYNTAX =SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2],…)

AND
ARGUMENT/S
The SUBTOTAL function has the following arguments:

1. Function_num Required. The number 1-11 or 101-111 that specifies the function to use for the
subtotal.
When function is between 1-11, SUBTOTAL includes values that are hidden.
When function is between 101-111, SUBTOTAL excludes values that are hidden.
Filtered values are always excluded.

Function_num Function_num
Function
(includes hidden values) (ignores hidden values)

1 101 AVERAGE

2 102 COUNT

3 103 COUNTA

4 104 MAX

5 105 MIN

9 109 SUM

2. Ref1 Required. The first named range or reference for which you want the subtotal.
3. Ref2,... Optional. Named ranges or references 2 to 254 for which you want the subtotal.

REMARKS
1. The table above indicates the only functions examinable.
2. If there are other subtotals within ref1, ref2,… (or nested subtotals), these nested subtotals are
ignored to avoid double counting.

3. The SUBTOTAL function ignores any rows that are not included in the result of a filter, no matter
which function_num value you use.

4. The SUBTOTAL function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. It is not designed for
rows of data, or horizontal ranges. For example, when you subtotal a horizontal range using a
function_num of 101 or greater, such as SUBTOTAL(109,B2:G2), hiding a column does not affect
the subtotal. But, hiding a row in a subtotal of a vertical range does affect the subtotal.

EXAMPLES Suppose you have the data below and want to determine the total number of trips undertaken by
female and the total number of trips undertake by males using the SUBTOTAL feauture:
Step 1: Because the totalling of the number of trips is based on the gender, then the data in the
spreadsheet must be sorted in either ascending or descending order according to gender.

Step 2: Click in any cell in column C. Click the SUBTOTAL button in the Outline Group on the Data
tab.

The Subtotal dialog box will appear. You must do the following:
 ● From the At each change in: dropdown list select Gender – because you are totalling
number of trips based on Gender.
● From the Use function dropdown list select SUM – because you are adding Number of
Trips.
● From the Add subtotal to: dropdown list select Number of Trips – because the totalling with
take place on this column.
Note you can perform a single function on multiple columns. For example you can
determine the sum on the Number of Trips and Amount Spent columns
● You can then choose to replace current subtotals, add a page break between groups and
select whether you want the summary below the data or not
● Click OK to accept all your changes and Excel automatically inserts Female Total, Male Total
and Grand totals.
● The Remove All button will remove all subtotals.

The following will appear when the OK button is clicked:

 On the left hand side of the screen, an outline indicates three outline levels:

● The above screenshot displays a level 3 outline

● In level 2 outline only the Female Total, Male Total and Grand Total will be displayed (test it
by clicking on the 2 at the top)

● In level 1 outline only the Grand Total is shown

ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Subtotal Function_Activity 1:

Level 1: Work in the Sub1 worksheet. Use the subtotal feature to display the total amount spent by
international travellers and non-international travellers.

Level 2: Work in the Sub2 worksheet. Use the subtotal feature to determine the total amount spent
and the total number of trips made by each category (column J) of travellers.
Level 3: Work in the Sub3 worksheet. Use the subtotal feature to do the following for each category
(column J):

● Determine the number of travellers in each category

● Determine the total amount spent by each category

● Determine the average number of trips made by each category

Save the spreadsheet as Subtotal Function_Activity 1_Ans.

3. STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
3.1 COUNTIFS FUNCTION
PURPOSE The COUNTIFS function applies criteria to cells across multiple ranges and counts the number of times all
criteria are met.

SYNTAX =COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2]…)

AND

ARGUMENT/S 1. criteria_range1 Required. The first range in which to evaluate the associated criteria.
2. criteria1 Required. The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that
define which cells will be counted.
For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples" or "32".
3. criteria_range2, criteria2, ... Optional. Additional ranges and their associated criteria. Up to 127
range/criteria pairs are allowed.

NOTE:
Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as the criteria_range1
argument. The ranges do not have to be adjacent to each other.

REMARKS:

● Each range's criteria is applied one cell at a time. If all of the first cells meet their associated criteria,
the count increases by 1. If all of the second cells meet their associated criteria, the count increases
by 1 again, and so on until all of the cells are evaluated.

● If the criteria argument is a reference to an empty cell, the COUNTIFS function treats the empty cell
as a 0 value.

● You can use the wildcard characters— the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in criteria. A question
mark matches any single character, and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want
to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character.
EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

Determines how many novice
=COUNTIFS(B4:B21,"Novice",C4:C21,"3") membership attended 3 times in term 6
1

Determines the number of people that

attended 3 times each in terms 1, 2 and
=COUNTIFS(C4:C21,"3",D4:D21,"3",E4:E21,"3") 2
3

ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Countifs Function_Activity 1:

Level 1: Insert a COUNTIFS function in cell O5 to determine the number of females that are over the age
of 30.
Level 2: Insert a function in cell O7 to determine the number of international travellers (column H)
whose clientId (column C) starts with the letter 'A'.
Level 3: Insert a function/formula in cell O9 to determine the number of male travellers born (column F)
before 1991 who are international travellers (column H).
Save the spreadsheet as Countifs Function_Activity 1_Ans.
3.2 SUMIFS FUNCTION
PURPOSE The SUMIFS function adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria.

For example, if you want to sum the numbers in the range A1:A20 only if the corresponding
numbers in B1:B20 are greater than zero (0) and the corresponding numbers in C1:C20 are
less than 10, you can use the following formula:

=SUMIFS(A1:A20, B1:B20, ">0", C1:C20, "<10")

SYNTAX =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)

AND The SUMIFS function has the following arguments:

ARGUMENT/S 1. Sum_range Required. One or more cells to sum, including numbers or names, ranges, or
cell references (cell reference: The set of coordinates that a cell occupies on a worksheet.
For example, the reference of the cell that appears at the intersection of column B and
row 3 is B3.) that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored.
2. Criteria_range1 Required. The first range in which to evaluate the associated criteria.
3. Criteria1 Required. The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or
text that define which cells in the Criteria_range1 argument will be added. For example,
criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32."
4. Criteria_range2, criteria2, … Optional. Additional ranges and their associated criteria. Up
to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed.

REMARKS

● Each cell in the Sum_range argument is summed only if all of the corresponding criteria
specified are true for that cell. For example, suppose that a formula contains two
Criteria_range arguments. If the first cell of Criteria_range1 meets Criteria1, and the first
cell of Criteria_range2 meets Critera2, the first cell of Sum_range is added to the sum, and
so on, for the remaining cells in the specified ranges.

● Cells in the Sum_range argument that contain TRUE evaluate to 1; cells in Sum_range that
contain FALSE evaluate to 0 (zero).

● Unlike the range and criteria arguments in the SUMIF function, in the SUMIFS function,
each Criteria_range argument must contain the same number of rows and columns as the
Sum_range argument.

● You can use the wildcard characters — the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in criteria.
A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of
characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before
the character.
EXAMPLES

Function Description Result

Determines the total amount spent by female
=SUMIFS(F2:F17,C2:C17,"female",D2:D17,">10") 25400
travellers who made >10 trips

Determines the total number of trips made by

=SUMIFS(D2:D17,C2:C17,"male",E2:E17,"true") 55
males who are international travellers
ACTIVITY Work in the spreadsheet Sumifs Function_Activity 1:
Level 1: Insert a SUMIFS function in cell O5 to determine the total amount spent by adults
(category column J) who travelled more than 10 trips (column G).
Level 2: Insert a function in cell O7 to determine the total number of trips made by female
(column F) travellers whose client names (column E) start with the letter 'A'.
Level 3: Insert a function in cell O9 to determine the total amount spent (column I) by the
male (column F) international (column H) category pensioner (column J) travellers.
Save the spreadsheet as Sumifs Function_Activity 1_Ans.
4. LOOKUP and REFERENCE FUNCTIONS
4.1 VLOOKUP FUNCTION
PURPOSE Typically used on a data range that has multiple rows and columns.

The letter "V" in VLOOKUP stands for "vertical". The VLOOKUP function looks up a value in the first
column of the specified range of cells. Once it finds a match, it will return a value from a specified
column in the same row.
SYNTAX =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

AND ARGUMENT/S

lookup_value – the value to search for. This can be either a value (number, date or text) or a cell
reference (reference to a cell containing a lookup value), or the value returned by some other Excel
function.

table_array – two or more columns of data. Remember, the VLOOKUP function always searches for
the lookup value in the first column of table_array. Your table_array may contain various values such
as text, dates, numbers, or logical values. Values are case-insensitive.

col_index_num – the column number in table_array from which the value in the corresponding row
should be returned. The left-most column in the specified table_array is 1, the second column is 2, the
third column is 3, and so on.

range_lookup – determines whether you are looking for an exact match (FALSE) or approximate match
(TRUE or omitted). This final parameter is optional but very important.

EXAMPLE

Suppose, you want to find a certain customer in the table below. You cannot remember his surname,
but you know it starts with "ack". So, the following VLOOKUP formula will work well:
 =VLOOKUP("ack*",$A$2:$C$11,1,FALSE)

Tip:

It is a good idea to always use absolute cell references (with $) in the table_array parameter of
VLOOKUP formulae. In this case, the lookup range will remain constant when you copy the function to
other cells.

ACTIVITY Level 1: What must be done in a VLOOKUP function to ensure that an exact match is found?

Solution: Use FALSE as the optional fourth argument/parameter.

Level 2: Open the spreadsheet Vlookup Function_Activity 1. Use the Vlookup Basic sheet.

Use the Raw Data Extract table. Insert a function in cell I5 to look up the first name and in cell J5 insert
a function to extract the last name for the 'Employee ID' (column G) to prepare the Pay Report. Copy
the functions down to the other cells to check that the functions are working correctly.

Level 3: Open the spreadsheet Vlookup Function_Activity 1. Use the Calculation Example sheet.

Salespeople travel to different warehouses in the province. Cells B2 to D6 shows how much is paid per
kilometre to each of the warehouses. Each salesperson travels a different distance (column I) to get to
each of the warehouses.

Use an appropriate function in cell J3 to determine how much each salesperson will be paid for their
travelling.

Save the spreadsheet as Vlookup Function_Activity 1_Ans.

4.2 HLOOKUP FUNCTION
PURPOSE Typically used on a data range that has multiple rows and columns.
The letter "H" in HLOOKUP stands for "horizontal". The HLOOKUP function looks up a value in the
first row of the specified range of cells. Once it finds a match, it will return a value from a specified
row in the same column.
SYNTAX HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

AND
ARGUMENT/S
lookup_value – the value to search for. This can be either a value (number, date or text) or a cell
reference (reference to a cell containing a lookup value), or the value returned by some other Excel
function.

table_array – two or more rows of data. Remember, the HLOOKUP function always searches for
the lookup value in the first row of table_array. Your table_array may contain various values such
as text, dates, numbers, or logical values. Values are case-insensitive.

row_index_num – the row number in table_array from which the value in the corresponding
column should be returned. The upper-most row in the specified table_array is 1, the second row is
2, the third row is 3, and so on.

range_lookup – determines whether you are looking for an exact match (FALSE) or approximate
match (TRUE or omitted). This final parameter is optional but very important.

EXAMPLE

'range_lookup' will be FALSE as here we only want to fetch the exact match value.

ACTIVITY Level 1: Open the spreadsheet Hlookup Function_Activity 1. Work in the Level sheet.

Use the Mark/Symbol table and an HLOOKUP function in cell B10 to determine the symbol that
represents 64%.

Level 2: Work in the English sheet. Use an appropriate function in cell H3 to determine the Vusi's
English mark for Term 3.

Save the spreadsheet as Hlookup Function_Activity 1_Ans.

Level 3: The following screenshot shows the use of an HLOOKUP function returning an incorrect
result. The correct result should return the price for milk at Checkers.

Discuss what must be done to return the correct answer.

WORD PROCESSING
1. ELECTRONIC FORMS
1.1 LEGACY CONTROLS
Legacy controls should be used to answer questions regarding electronic forms.
2. REFERENCING FUNCTIONS
2.1 INDEX
Marking entries and inserting an index will be examined.

PURPOSE An index lists the terms and topics that are discussed in a document, along with the pages that they
appear on.

HOW IT You can create an index entry:

WORKS
● For an individual word, phrase, or symbol

● For a topic that spans a range of pages

● That refers to another entry, such as "Transportation. See Bicycles"

When you select text and mark it as an index entry (References-tab, Index-group, Mark Entry),
Microsoft Word adds a special XE (Index Entry) field that includes the marked main entry, subentry and
any cross-reference information that you choose to include. It can be seen if you switch on your hidden
formatting symbols.

Main entry Cross Reference

Subentry

After you mark all the index entries, you choose an index design and insert the automatic index.

For more information, go to https://goo.gl/Q5TgqD

As an example, refer to Question 1.6 and 1.10 in the November 2016 examination question paper.

DATA FILE QUESTIONS

1Metal 1.6 Find the heading 'Demand for Precious Metals', which contains an index entry on the text
'Precious Metals'. The index entry named 'Precious Metals' already contains a subentry
named 'gold'.
Add 'silver' as ANOTHER subentry for the 'Precious Metals' index. (1)
1.10 Find the automatic index below the text 'Index' on the last page of the document and update
the index.

(1)
DATABASES (revision)
Forms, queries and reports as indicated on page 40 of the CAPS:

1. MULTIPLE RELATED TABLES

Learners could be provided with multiple related tables; however, they will only be required to work with one table at a time (and will only have to use skills listed in the
CAPS)

As an example, refer to Question 5.4 in the March 2016 examination question paper:

CONTENT YEAR DATA FILE QUESTIONS MARK MARKING GUIDELINE

QUERY 2016 M 5Inves 5.4 (3)

● Fields inserted: SName, Status and Population ✔

● Add the fields SName, Status and ● CName field sorted ✔

Population in the two tables provided to ● Records sorted in ascending order ✔
the query.
(Note to marker: 42 records expected.)
● Sort the query in ascending order on the
CName field.
● Save and close the qry5_4 query.
HTML
Refer to the following tag sheet for an example of the HTML tag sheet that will be supplied with the question paper.
 ANNEXURE A: HTML TAG SHEET
Basic Tags Formatting Tags continued
Tag Description Tag Description
<body></body> Defines the body of the web page Inserted before each list item, and
<body Sets the background colour of the <li></li> adds a number or symbol depending
bgcolor="pink"> web page on the type of list selected
<body text="black"> Sets the colour of the body text <img src="name"> Adds an image
Contains information about the <img src="name" Aligns an image: can be "left", "right",
<head></head>
web page align="left"> "bottom", "top"
Creates an HTML document – starts <p align="center"> <img Aligns an image in the "center", can
<html></html>
and ends a web page src="name"> </p> also be "middle"
<img src="name" Sets the size of the border around an
<title></title> Defines a title for the web page
border="1"> image
<br/> Inserts a line break <img src="name"
<!-- --> Comment width="200" height Sets the height and width of an image
Text Tags ="200">
Tag Description Displays alternative text when the
<img src="name"
<h1></h1> Creates the largest heading mouse hovers over the image or when
alt="alternative text">
the image is not found
<h6></h6> Creates the smallest heading
<hr/> Inserts a horizontal line
<b></b> Creates bold text <hr size="3"/> Sets size (height) of a line
Sets the width of a line, in percentage
<i></i> Creates italic text <hr width="80%"/>
or absolute value
<font size="3"></font> Sets size of font, from "1" to "7" <hr color= "ff0000"/> Sets the colour of the line
<font color= "green"> Table Tags
Sets font colour
</font> Tag Description
<font face="Times New <table></table> Creates a table
Sets font type
Roman"></font> <tr></tr> Creates a row in a table
Links Tags <td></td> Creates a cell in a table
Tag Description Creates a table header (a cell with
<th></th>
<a href="URL"></a> Creates a hyperlink bold, centred text)
<a href="URL"><img
Creates an image link <table width="50"> Sets the width of the table
src="name"></a>
Creates a target location in the Sets the width of the border around
<a name="NAME"></a> <table border="1">
document the table cells
Links to a target location created <table cellspacing="1"> Sets the space between the table cells
<a href= "#NAME"></a>
somewhere else in the document
Sets the space between a cell border
<table cellpadding="1">
Formatting Tags and its contents
Tag Description Sets the alignment for cell(s) ("left",
<tr align="left">
<p></p> Creates a new paragraph can also be "center" or "right")
Aligns a paragraph to the "left" Sets the vertical alignment for cell(s)
<p align="left"> (default), can also be "right" or <tr valign="top"> ("top", can also be "middle" or
"center" "bottom")
<br/> Inserts a line break Sets the number of columns a cell
<td colspan="2">
<ol></ol> Creates a numbered list should span
<ol type="A","a", Sets the number of rows a cell should
Defines the type of numbering used <td rowspan="4">
"I","i","1"></ol> span
<ul></ul> Creates a bulleted list
<ul type="disc",
Defines the type of bullets used
"square","circle"> </ul>