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Year 8 All Lesson Notes for THIRD TERM

The document provides an overview of vector graphics, explaining their composition through paths, nodes, and various drawing techniques. It also discusses the importance of user-centered design principles in mobile app development, particularly for a Health & Fitness Tracker app, and highlights key online safety measures relevant to app development. Additionally, it contrasts vector graphics with bitmap images, emphasizing scalability and quality retention.

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Maryam Ibrahim Tumsah
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2 views6 pages

Year 8 All Lesson Notes for THIRD TERM

The document provides an overview of vector graphics, explaining their composition through paths, nodes, and various drawing techniques. It also discusses the importance of user-centered design principles in mobile app development, particularly for a Health & Fitness Tracker app, and highlights key online safety measures relevant to app development. Additionally, it contrasts vector graphics with bitmap images, emphasizing scalability and quality retention.

Uploaded by

Maryam Ibrahim Tumsah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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30/4/2025

PATHS
In this lesson, you will:
● Explain that vector graphics are made up of paths
● Create and modify straight and curved paths
● Change shapes to paths and edit them

PATHS
All vector graphics are made up of paths.
A path is a route between two points and it can be straight or curved.
The paths that make up vector graphics can be edited.

NODES
A vector path has nodes at the start, end, and at changes of direction. Nodes can be moved or removed.
They can also be added at any point along a line.

DRAWING LINES
In Inkscape you can draw your own lines and shapes.
The lines can be:
● Straight
● Curved
● Freehand
DRAWING STRAIGHT LINES
- To draw straight lines, click at each point where you want the line to change direction.
- Double click to complete the line.
- Double clicking on the start point will create a closed shape.
DRAWING CURVED LINES
To draw curved lines, click and drag to set the length of the curve and then release the mouse button,
and click again to set the point where you want the line to change direction.
Double click to complete the line.
Double clicking on the start point will create a closed shape.

PATHS CONTINUED 2/5/2025


Note: The keyboard shortcut Shift + F6 to select the Bezier curve and straight line tool can be used to
perform the following
i) Draw a straight line
ii) Draw a curve path
iii) Draw a connected path that uses curves
The keyboard shortcut F6 will select the freehand tool

How Convert objects to paths

2. Use the menu Path ▷ Object to Path to convert the selected object to a path.
1. Create a new object
3. To view the object as a path, click on the Edit paths by nodes button on the toolbox on the left-
hand side of the screen. Small grey squares called nodes will now appear in each corner. Or press
F2
4. With the Edit paths by nodes button still selected, the grey nodes can be dragged to different
positions to change the start/end point of a path.

6/5/2025

COMMON USES OF VECTOR GRAPHICS

1. Websites
2. Illustration
3. Logos
4. Printing
5. Embroidery
6. Animations
7. Billboards
8. Magazine covers
9. Signs
10. Infographics
Behind the scenes 12/5/2025

Vector graphics can be used to make logos, icons and illustrations

Logos: A symbol that is used to represent an organization or a product. It represents and


relates to the organisation it belongs to.
Icons: Relevant to the navigation or menu it represents
Illustrations: Can be a decoration or pictorial representation of something; for
example, a cartoon.
Vector graphics: A simple digital image created using paths.
Pixel: A tiny square of colour
Raster graphic: A detailed image created with pixels.

Inside a vector graphic file


Vector graphics are stored as a list of readable text statements. This type of text is
called markup. E.g HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). Consider this line
<rect x="100" y="100" width="200" height="200" />
The x and y refer to the location of the top-left corner of the object and the width
and height refer to its size. The common file format for vector graphics like Inscape
is called a scalable vector graphic (svg). Scalable means something that can be
made bigger or smaller (in vector graphics this is without losing quality). Because
the svg is described using numeric values, it can be perfectly scaled.
You can edit markup values in Inkscape using the XML Editor.

Showcase 20/5/2025
In this lesson, you will:
● Explain key differences between vector and bitmap images
● Outline which image type best suits which uses

Bitmap Image
Bitmap images (raster graphics) are made up of small individual squares of colour
called pixels.
Compared to vector paths, altering individual pixels is a much more difficult process
because there are so many and they are so tiny.

Vector images vs bitmap images


Vector graphics are images such as illustrations, icons, and logos. They do not use
many colours because they have large areas of solid colour.
Bitmap images (raster graphics) are usually real photographs that contain a great
deal of detail. They use lots of colours because each tiny pixel is a slightly different
shade to allow the colours to blend together.

Vector scalability
Vector graphics can be scaled up or down without losing any image quality because
the paths and shapes they are made from are described with numeric values.
Algorithms and formulae are used to recalculate the paths when the graphic is
resized. This keeps the edges of the graphic nice and sharp.

Bitmap scalability
Bitmap graphics lose image quality when scaled up or down because they are based
on pixels only.The size and colour of the pixels is not recalculated when the graphic
is resized. This makes the edges blurred.

DESIGNING A MOBILE APP: HEALTH & FITNESS


In this lesson you will:
● Understand the objectives and requirements of the Health and Fitness Tracker app.
● Recognise the importance of user-centred design principles.
● Be able to brainstorm and design your own version of the app, considering key features and
user interface design.

The health & fitness app project


Objective: Create a user-friendly mobile app to track health and fitness goals.
Guidance: Ensure strict privacy/security standards.
Key Features: Track activity, log food and set goals.
Target Audience: People of all ages and fitness levels seeking to improve their health and well-being.

User centered design


- User-centred design means putting the people who will use the app first!
- It's all about making sure the app is easy and fun for them to use.

Rules of effective user-centred design


1. Simple: Keep it simple. We want our app to be easy to use without too many confusing buttons or
menus.
2. Clear: Make everything easy to see, like big letters on a sign. We want people to understand what's
going on in our app without any problems!"
3. Intuitive: Make it easy to figure out, like a game you can start playing right away. Our app should be
straight forward, with no need for instructions.

What is wireframing?
- Wireframing helps us plan how our app will look and work before we start building it.
- It's like drawing a map of our app's layout, showing where buttons, menus, and other elements
will go.

Introduction to online safety 11/6/2025


In this lesson, you will
● Understand key online safety concepts and their importance in app development.
● Be able to identify specific online safety measures applicable to mobile apps, such as secure
authentication and data encryption.
● Identify online safety best practices and potential pitfalls.

What is online safety


Online safety is all about staying safe online and being aware of any risks you might face. Online safety
measures include the following
1. Encryption
Encryption transforms data into unreadable form using a special algorithm and key, similar to a
password. When two computers share information, like when you're buying something online, they use
encryption to keep the details safe. It's like they agree on a special password (the key).
2. Password security
Password security involves creating strong, unique passwords and implementing measures to protect
them from unauthorised access.
Tips: use of complex passwords, multi-factor authentication, password managers.
3. Data privacy
Data privacy refers to the protection of personal information and ensuring it is used appropriately and
ethically.
4. End-to-end encryption
Some messaging apps such as WhatsApp and iMessage provides end-to-end encryption for all personal
messages.
This means only the person who sends or receives the messages can read them.
They’re secured by a 64-digit encryption key, which would take over 500 years to find.

13/6/2025
Other measures of online safety include
● Personal Information: Never share personal details like your full name, address, phone number,
or school name with strangers online.
● Stranger Danger: Be cautious about who you talk to online.
● Cyberbullying: If someone is mean to you online, tell a trusted adult. Don't respond to the bully.
● Think Before You Post: Anything you post online can be seen by others and might stay online
forever. Be careful with what you share.
● Scams and Phishing: Be wary of emails, messages, or websites that ask for your personal
information or money. They might be scams.
● Download Caution: Only download files or apps from trusted sources to avoid viruses or
malware.
● Reporting: If something makes you uncomfortable or you see something inappropriate, tell a
trusted adult and report it to the website or app.
Homework
In the context of online safety, what do you think the following terms mean?
1. User consent
2. Data transparency
3. Accountability.

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