Appendix A.

Journal Summary

Target No. Date Remarks

The collaboration among

1 Nov. 29, 2024 the researchers fostered
a dynamic exchange of
ideas and expertise.

With a common goal, the

researchers are
Dec. 5, 2024 combining their
2 knowledge to create an
engaging proposal that
highlights the uniqueness
and viability of their
idea.

Dec. 9, 2024 Researchers have

developed a
comprehensive proposal
3 aimed at optimizing
urban traffic flow
through the integration
of smart technology and
real-time data analysis.

The researchers studied

the concept of agent-
4 Dec. 11, 2024 based traffic inflow
modeling, which they will
be using and conducted
research on the relevant
studies.

Dec. 16, 2024 They identify the

5 research method that is
applicable for the
research proposal.b

Dec. 20, 2024 The researchers then

6 gathered the data
through observation and
survey to some drivers in
Barangay Poblacion.

Jan. 2, 2025 The researchers had a

7 hard time taking videos
of the street because of
the rainy season.
 Jan. 6, 2025 On this day, the
researchers finally have a
8 clear video.

They began processing

the data gathered using a
Jan. 8, 2025 software called NetLogo.
9 They analyzed the
number of cars, the
speed of the vehicles, and
the drivers behavior.

After finishing the

research, the researchers
planned to seek advice
10 Jan. 14, 2025 and suggestions from the
experts and professionals
for more guidance of this
study and for future use.

The researchers planned

to present the study to
11 Jan. 19, 2025 the barangay council for
their feedback and
comments on the possible
use and implementation.

12 They planned to link

with the Local
Jan. 21, 2025 Government Unit of Las
Nieves for further
evaluation and possible
study in the future.
Appendix B: Mode of Verification

The researchers take a video in one of the highways located in barangay

Poblacion for data gathering through observation during peak hours.

The researchers take a video in one of the highways located in barangay

Poblacion for data gathering through observation during lean hours.
 The researchers gathered the data through a survey questionnaire.

The researchers were oriented and taught on how to manipulate the Agent-
Based Model.
 The researchers conducted the data analysis by processing the data in the Agent-
Based Modeling.
RESEARCH LOGBOOK:
 Research Plan

Researchers: Lady Jean Nieves

Wynde Grace Lumarda
Nichole Shane Amor

Category: TUKLAS_ MathCompSci – Team Category

School: Las Nieves National High School, Contact Number: 09079267403

Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte

Agent-Based Traffic Inflow Modeling (ATRIM) Analysis of the

Drivers’ Behavior, Traffic Dynamics and System Management for
Sustainable Transportation Systems

A. RATIONALE

Traffic congestion and inefficient road systems remain persistent challenges in

both urban and rural areas, significantly impacting safety, economic productivity, and

the overall quality of life. In rural municipalities such as Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte,

traffic dynamics are further complicated by mixed transportation modes, limited

infrastructure, and a lack of localized traffic management systems tailored to the

community's specific needs. This research seeks to address these challenges by

analyzing the interplay between vehicle dynamics, driver behavior, and traffic density

using agent-based modeling to simulate real-world scenarios and evaluate potential

solutions.

The study's focus stems from the observation that increasing vehicle density and

congestion negatively affect traffic flow and driver patience, leading to unsafe driving
practices, reduced efficiency, and heightened risks of accidents. Recognizing the gaps

in current traffic management systems, particularly in rural settings, this research aims

to provide empirical evidence to support data-driven, innovative strategies. These

include adaptive traffic control systems, infrastructure upgrades, driver education

programs, and the formulation of localized ordinances, all designed to enhance safety

and improve traffic efficiency.

By grounding its recommendations in comprehensive simulations and data

analysis, this research underscores the importance of an evidence-based approach to

traffic management. Its outcomes aim to empower the Local Government Unit of Las

Nieves to implement sustainable and effective traffic solutions, ultimately fostering a

safer, more efficient, and more responsive transportation system for its residents.

B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS or PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED

The fundamental goal of this research is to analyze the drivers' behavior, traffic

dynamics, and system optimization through agent-based traffic inflow modeling in Las

Nieves Agusan del Norte. The study aimed to explore several key objectives related to

traffic systems. It sought to understand individual drivers' behavior, examining how

decisions are made while navigating traffic, which encompasses both macro goals like

destination and route selection, as well as micro goals such as speed control and

overtaking.

It sought to answer the following:

1. To analyze the behaviors of drivers on highways and their impact on traffic flow

and congestion;

2. To understand traffic dynamics through detailed simulation and modeling;

3. To evaluate existing traffic management strategies and ensure road safety;

 4. To generate innovative strategies or models to deliver actionable solutions for

enhancing highway traffic management.

C. Expected Output

Analyzing Driver Behavior, Traffic Dynamics and System Optimization through

Agent-Based Traffic Inflow Modeling in Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte aims to provide

valuable insights into traffic flow and driver behavior using agent-based modeling

(ABM). The expected output includes a detailed analysis of individual driver behaviors

and their collective impact on overall traffic dynamics, identifying patterns in decision-

making and interactions at intersections. By simulating various traffic scenarios, the

research will reveal how different factors, such as traffic volume and signal timing,

influence vehicle throughput, particularly in the context of Las Nieves. Additionally, the

study will propose optimization strategies for traffic management, including

recommendations for signal adjustments and infrastructural changes to enhance

efficiency and reduce congestion. It will also consider the impact of external variables

like weather on traffic dynamics, ultimately informing local policymakers about

effective interventions to improve road safety and efficiency for all users.
 D. PROCEDURES

Conceptual Framework

Data Collection

M odel Scenario
D e v e lo p m e n t Development

Model
Calibration and
Validation

Analysis of the
Results

Traffic
Management
Strategies
Evaluation

Development of
Innovative
Strategies
Figure 1. Research Methodology Flow Chart

 This methodological flow provides a structured approach to analyzing drivers'

behavior and its impact on highway traffic dynamics through agent-based

modeling, ultimately leading to optimized traffic management solutions.

E. RISK AND SAFETY

 Prior to implementing new traffic management systems or initiative, the

researchers will develop standard operating procedures or guidelines and

integrate safety assessments into the planning process. Researchers will seek the

guidance of a qualified traffic expert for the design and testing of traffic signals

and coding for intelligence transportation system.

F. DATA ANALYSIS
The researchers will gathered the data through surveys and observational

studies on the traffic conditions at Barangay Poblacion in the Municipality of

Las Nieves. On the part of drivers' behavior, a survey will distribute using a

survey questionnaire that seeks to understand how these interactions contribute

to traffic congestion and dynamics.

The project aligns with recent advancements in Agent-Based Modeling

(ABM), which have proven effective in capturing the complexities of traffic

systems and providing insights for transportation planning and infrastructure

development.

G. BIBLIOGRAPHY

H. Abad, C. R., Santos, M. L., & Javier, A. C. (2020). Urban traffic congestion in

the Philippines: Impacts and solutions. Journal of Philippine Urban Studies,

25(3), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jphus.2020.25.3. Retrieved from

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/traffic-injuries. Retrieved on

December 9, 2024.

I. Auld, J., Hope, M., Ley, H., Sokolov, V., Bo Xu & Zhang, K. (2024).

POLARIS: Agent-Based Modeling Framework Development and

Implementation for Integrated Travel Demand and Network Operations

 Simulations. Transportation Research Part C. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968090X15002703.

Retrieved on December 11, 2024.

J. Benhamza, K., Ellagoune, S., Seridi, H., & Akdag, H. (2017). Agent-Based

Modeling for Traffic Simulation. Université Mohamed Khider – Biskra.

Retrieved from https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/79027. Retrieved on December

11, 2024.

K. Caleda, M. J. A. et. al. (2018). Philippine road safety data: Gaps and challenges.

Injury Prevention, 24. (A176). https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-

safety.485. Retrieved on December 12, 2024.

L. Camello, J. M. (2023). Metro Manila traffic. FuturArc.

https://www.futurarc.com/commentary/metro-manila-traffic/. Retrieved on

December 12, 2024.

M. De la Cruz, E., & Santos, L. (2022). Adaptive Traffic Solutions for Developing

Municipalities. Philippine Urban Planning Journal, 12(4), 78-92. Retrieved on

December 14, 2024.

N. De Souza A. M, et. al. (2017). Traffic Management systems: A classification,

review, challenges, and future perspectives. International Journal of Distributed

Sensor Networks. 2017;13(4). doi:10.1177/1550147716683612. Retrieved from

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1550147716683612. Retrieved on

December 15, 2024.

O. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). Sustainable

Development Goals: 17 goals to transform our world. Retrieved on December

15, 2024.
P. Garcia, M., Reyes, J., & Mendoza, A. (2023). Rural Traffic Management:

Challenges and Innovations. Journal of Transportation Studies, 18(2), 45-67.

Retrieved on December 13, 2024.

Q. Helbing, D., & Treiber, M. (2021). Traffic Dynamics: Agent-Based Modeling of

Traffic Flow and Human Behavior. Springer. Retrieved on December 13, 2024.

R. Mahmassani, H. S. (2019). Traffic Flow Theory and Characteristics. Elsevier.

Retrieved on December 12, 2024.

S. Mohammadi, S., Arvin, R., Khattak, A. J., & Chakraborty, S. (2021). The role

of drivers' social interactions in their driving behavior: Empirical evidence and

implications for car-following and traffic flow. Transportation Research Part F:

Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 82, 191-203. Retrieved from

https://doi.org/106/j.trf.2021.04.002. Retrieved on December 13, 2024.

T. Nagel, K., Beckman, R. J., & Barlovic, R. (2020). Traffic Simulation and

Optimization. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on December 13, 2024.

U. RA 4136: Land Transportation and Traffic Code. (2020). Retrieved on

December 11, 2024.

V. Schreckenberg, M., & Schadschneider, A. (2022). Cellular Automaton Models

for Traffic Flow. Springer. Retrieved on December 12, 2024.

W. TomTom. (2024). TomTom Traffic Index: Ranking of cities by travel time.

TomTom. https://www.tomtom.com/traffic-index/ranking/. Retrieved on

December 12, 2024.

X. United Nations. (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2024.

United Nations. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2024/The-Sustainable-

Development-Goals-Report-2024.pdf. Retrieved on December 10, 2024

FORMS:
 QUESTIONNAIRES:
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory Of Acceptance and Use
of Technology (UTAUT) Questionnaire

Name (Optional): __________________________ Age:

_________________
Sex: _________ Industry/Sector:
________
Instructions:
For each statement in the survey, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree bu
putting a checkmark in the box corresponding to your response. There are no right or wrong
answer. Your responses will be kept strictly confidential and will only be used for research
purposes.
Scale:
7 – Strongly agree (indicate that you strongly support the statement)
6 – Agree (indicates that you support the statement)
5 – Somewhat agree (indicate mild agreement with the statement)
4 – Neutral (indicate neither agreement nor disagreement)
3 – Somewhat Disagree (indicate mild disagreement with the statement
2 – Disagree (indicate that you oppose the statement)
1 – Strongly disagree (indicate that you strongly oppose the statement

Part 1.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) – Perceived Usefulness (PU)

Perceived Strongly Agree Slightly Neutral Slightly Disagree Strongly Disagree

Usefulness Agree Agree Disagree
(PU)

Using IRAS in
my job would
enable me to
accomplish
task more
quickly
Using IRAS
would improve
my job
performance
 Using IRAS in
my job would
increase my
productivity
Using IRAS
would enhance
my
effectiveness
on the job
Using IRAS
would make it
easier to do my
job
I would find
IRAS useful in
my job

Part 1.2 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) – Perceived Ease-of-Use (PEU)

Perceived Ease-of- Extremely Quite Slightly Neutral Slightly Quite Extremely

Use (PEU) Likely Likely Likely Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely

Learning to operate
IRAS would be
easy for me
I would find it easy
to get IRAS to do
what I want to do
My interaction with
IRAS would be
clear and
understandable
I would find IRAS
would be clear and
understandable
It would be easy for
me to become
skillful at using
IRAS
I would find IRAS
easy to use

Part 2.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) – Performance
Expectancy (PE)

Performance Strongly Agree Slightly Neutra Slightly Disagree Strongly

Expectancy (PE) Agree Agree l Disagree Disagree
I would find the
IRAS useful in
job(U6)
Using the IRAS
 enables me to
accomplish tasks
more quickly
(RAI)
Using the IRAS
increase my
productivity (RA5)
If I use IRAS I will
increase my chance
of getting a raise
(OE7)

Part 2.2 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) – Attitude
Toward Using Technology (ATT)

Attitude Towards Strongly Agree Slightly Neutral Slightly Disagree Strongly

Using Technology Agree Agree Disagree Disagree
(ATT)
Using the IRAS is
bad/good idea(A1)
The IRAS makes
work more
interesting (AF1)
Working with the
IRAS is fun (AF2)
I like working with
the IRAS(Affect1)
 Nichole Shane Amor

P 3 San Isidro, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

+63908219825

[email protected]

PERSONAL PROFILE

Age: 16

Date of birth: December 17, 2008

Place of birth: Las Nieves

Civil status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father’s Name: N/A

Mother’s Name: Meddie A. Amor

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

PRIMARY:

Agyabao Elementary School

San Isidro, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

SECONDARY:

Las Nieves National High School

Poblacion, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

 Wynde Grace T. Lumarda

Mat-i, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

+639380158361

[email protected]

PERSONAL PROFILE

Age: 16

Date of birth: May 19, 2008

Place of birth: Mat-I, Las Nieves

Civil status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father’s Name: Edbryan C. Lumarda

Mother’s Name: Honeylyn T. Tinapay

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

PRIMARY:

Mat-I Central Elementary School

Mat-I, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

SECONDARY:

Las Nieves National High School

Poblacion, Las Nieves Agusan del Norte

 Lady Jean C. Nieves

Florida, Butuan City

+639517036565

[email protected]

PERSONAL PROFILE

Age: 16

Date of Birth: March 16, 2008

Place of Birth: Florida Butuan City

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Gender: Female

Religion: Catholic

Father’s Name: Teodoro C. Nieves

Mother’s Name: Luzminda C. Nieves

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

PRIMARY:

Florencio R. Sibayan Central Elementary School

SECONDARY:

Florida National High School

Las Nieves National High School