PARTICLE DYNAMICS

C O N T E N TS
NEWTONS LAW FORCE & FRICTION
KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page ñ2
EXERCISEñI.................................................................. Page ñ4
EXERCISEñII ................................................................ Page ñ6
EXERCISEñIII................................................ ............... Page ñ 7

CIRCULAR MOTION & WORK POWER ENERGY

KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page ñ9
EXERCISEñI.................................................................. Page ñ11
EXERCISEñII ................................................................ Page ñ13
EXERCISEñIII............................................................ ... Page ñ15

CENTRE OF MASS MOMENTUM & COLLISION

KEY CONCEPT ............................................................. Page ñ18
EXERCISEñI.................................................................. Page ñ20
EXERCISEñII ................................................................ Page ñ22
EXERCISEñIII........................................................... .... Page ñ24

ANSWER KEY ............................................................... Page ñ26

 KEY CONCEP T
FORCE
1. There are, basically, five forces, which are commonly encountered in mechanics.
(i) Weight : Weight of an object is the force with which earth attracts it. It is also called the force of
gravity or the gravitational force.
W= = mg

(ii) Contact Force : When two bodies come in contact they exert forces on each other that is called
contact
forces.
(a) Normal force (N) : It is the component of contact force normal to the surface.
It measures how strongly the surfaces in contact are pressed together.
(b) Frictional force : It is the component of contact force parallel to the surface.
It opposes the relative motion (or attempted motion) of the two surfaces in contact.

(iii) Tension : The force exerted by the end of ataut string, rope or chain is called the tension. The
direction
of tension is to pull the body while that of normal reaction is to push the body.

(iv) Spring force : The force exerted by a spring is given by F= ñ kx, where x is the change in length
and k is the stiffness constant or spring constant (units Nmñ1).

NEWTON'S LAWS
2. Newton's First Law : Every particle continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a
straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by the action of an applied force.

3. Newton's Second Law : Fnet = m

4. Newton's Third Law : Whenever two bodies interact they exert forces on each other which are
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. So whenever body A exerts a force F on body B,
B exerts a force ñ F on A.
Inertial Reference Frame : Areference frame in which Newtonís first law is valid is called an
inertial reference frame.An inertial frame is either at rest or moving with uniform velocity.

Non-Inertial Frame : An accelerated frame of reference is called anon-inertial frame. Objects in

non- inertial frames do not obey Newton ís first law.
Pseudo Force : It is an imaginary force which is recognized only by a non-inertial observer to
explain the physical situation according to Newtonís law. The magnitude ofthis force FP is equal to
the product of the mass m of the object and acceleration a of the frame of reference. The
direction of the force is opposite to the direction of acceleration.
F = ñ ma
P
The force of friction comes into action only when there is a relative motion between the two
contact surfaces or when an attempt is made to have it.
The force of friction on each body is in a direction opposite to its motion (existing or
impending)relative to other body.

Particle Dynamics [2]

 5. Static friction : The frictional force acting between any two surfaces at rest with respect to each
other
is called the force of static friction (fs).
fs < μsN
where μs is the static coefficient of friction.

6. Kinetic friction : The frictional force acting between surfaces in

relative motion with respect to each other is called the force of kinetic
friction or sliding friction (fk).
fk = μkN
where μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction.
μs > μk

Angle of friction (φ) : Mathematically, the angle of friction (φ)maybe defined as the angle
between the normal reaction N and the resultant of the maximum friction force f and the normal
reaction.
Thus tanφ =
Since f= μN, therefore,
tan φ = μ

Particle Dynamics [3]

 (NEWTONS LAW FORCE & FRICTION)
EXERCISEñ I

Q. 1 A block of mass 1 kgis stationarywith respect to a conveyor belt that is accelerating

with1m/s2upwardsatanangleof30。as showninfigure.Determine force of friction
on block and contact force between the block & bell.

Q.2 A man of mass 63 kg is pulling a mass M by an inextensible light rope passing

through a smooth and massless pulley as shown in figure. The coefficient of
friction between the man and the ground is μ= 3/5. Find the maximum value
of M that can be pulled by the man without slipping on the ground.

Q.3 Two blocksAand B of mass m 10 kg and 20 kg respectively areplaced as

shown in figure. Coefficient of friction between all the surfaces is 0.2. Then
find tension in string and acceleration of block B. (g= 10 m/s2)

Q.4 An inclined plane makes an angle 30。with the horizontal.Agroove

OA= 5 m cut in the plane makes an angle 30。with OX. A short
smooth cylinder is free to slide down the influence of gravity. Find the
time taken by the cylinder to reach from A to O. ( g= 10 m/s2)

Q.5 Same spring is attached with 2 kg, 3 kg and 1 kg blocks in three different cases as shown in
figure. If x1,
x2 and x3 be the constan extensions in the spring in these three cases then find the ratio of their extensions.

(a) (b) (c)

Q.6 A rope of length L has its mass per unit lengthλ varies according to the function
λ (x) = ex/L. The rope is pulled by a constant force of 1N on a smooth horizontal
surface. Find the tension in the rope at x = L/2.

Q.7 In figure shown, both blocks are released from rest.

Find the time to cross each other?

Q.8 A man of mass 50 kg is pulling on a plank of mass 100 kg kept on a

smooth floor as shown with force of 100 N. If both man & plank move
together, find force of friction acting on man.

Q.9 In the figure, what should be mass m so that block A slide up with a
constant velocity?

Q. 10 What should be minimum value ofF so that 2 kg slides on ground

but 1 kg does not slide on it? [g = 10 m/sec2]

Particle Dynamics [4]

Q. 11 In figure shown, pulleys are ideal m1 > 2 m2. Initially the system is in
equilibrium and string connecting m2 to rigid support below is cut. Find
the initial acceleration of m2?

Q. 12 Find the reading of spring balance as shown in figure.

Assume that mass Mis in equilibrium

Q. 13 At what acceleration of the trolley will the string makes an angle of

37。with vertical ifa small mass is attached to bottom of string.

Q. 14 At what value of m1 will 8 kg mass be at rest.

Q. 15 What force must man exert on rope to keep platform in equilibrium?

Q. 16 Inclined plane is moved towards right with an acceleration of 5 ms-2

as shown in figure. Find force in newton which block of mass 5 kg
exerts on the incline plane.

Q. 17 Find force in newton which massA exerts on mass Bif B is moving

towards right with 3 ms-2. Also find mass of A.

Q. 18 Force F is applied on upper pulley. If F = 30 t where t is time

in second. Find the time when m1 loses contact with floor.

Q. 19 A block of mass 1 kg is horizontally thrown with a velocity of 10 m/s on a stationary long

plank of mass 2 kg whose surface has a μ = 0.5. Plank rests on frictionless surface. Find the
time when m1 comes to rest w.r.t. plank.

Q.20 Block M slides down on frictionless incline as shown. Find the minimum
friction coefficient so that m does not slide with respect to M.

Q. The coefficient of static and kinetic friction between the two blocks
and also between the lower block and the ground are
μs = 0.6 and μk = 0.4. Find the value of tension T applied on the lower
block at which the upper block begins to slip relative to lower block.

Particle Dynamics [5]

Q.22 Three identical rigid circular cylindersA, B and C are arranged
on smooth inclined surfaces as shown in figure. Find the least
value ofθ that prevent the arrangement from collapse.

Q.23 Two men A and B of equal mass held on to the free ends of a massless rope which passes over
a
frictionless light pulley. Man A climbs up the rope with acceleration “ relative to the rope while
man B hangs on without climbing. Find the acceleration of the man B with respect to ground.
Q.24 A thin rod of length 1 m is fixed in a vertical position inside a train, which is moving horizontally
with
constant acceleration 4 m/s . A bead can slide on the rod, and friction coefficient between them is
2

1/2. If the bead is released from rest at the top of the rod, find the time when it will reach at the
bottom.
Q.25 A body of mass M = 5kg rests on a horizontal plane having coefficient of fiction μ = 0.5. At t =
0 a horizontal force F is applied that varies with time as F= 5t. Find the time instant t0 at which
motion starts and also find the distance of particle from starting point at t = 6 second.

EXERCISEñII
Q. 1 Ablock of mass m lies on wedge of mass M as shown in figure.Answer
following parts separately. m
M
(a) With what minimum acceleration must the wedge be moved towards θ
right horizontally so that block m falls freely.
(b) Find the minimum friction coefficient required between wedge M and ground so that it does not
move
while block m slips down on it.
Q.2 A 20 kg block B is suspended from a cord attached
to a 40 kg cart A . Find the ratio of the acceleration
of the block in cases (i) & (ii) shown in figure
immediately after the system is released from rest.
(neglect friction)

Q.3 The system shown adjacent is in equilibrium. Find the acceleration of the
blocks A, B & C all of equal masses m at the instant when
(Assume springs to be ideal)
(a) The spring between ceiling &Ais cut.
(b) The string (inextensible) between A& B is cut.
(c) The spring between B & C is cut.
Also find the tension in the string when the system is at rest and in the above 3 cases.

Q.4 In the system shown. Find the initial acceleration of the wedge of mass 5M.
The pulleys are ideal and the cords are inextensible.
(there is no friction anywhere).

Q.5 Aplank of mass mis kept on a smooth inclined plane.Aman of mass ηtimes the mass
of plank moves on the plank, starts from A, such that the plank is at rest,
w.r.t. the inclined plane. If he reaches the other end B of the plank in t= 5sec.
Then find the acceleration & the value ofη, if the length of the plank is 50m.

Particle Dynamics [6]

Q.6 Two horizontal blocks each of mass 1/2 kg are connected by a massless,
inextensible string of length 2m and placed on a long horizontal table.
The coefficient of static & kinetic friction are shown in the figure. Initially
the blocks are at rest. If the leading block is pulled with a time dependent
horizontal force F= kt i where k= 1N/sec., determine
(a) The plots of acceleration of each block with time from t = 0 to t = 10sec.
(b) Velocity of blocks at t = 10sec.
(c) Distance transversed by the blocks in the time interval t = 0 to t = 10sec.
(d) IfF stops acting at t = 10sec. find after how much further time would B collide with A.

Q.7 m 1 = 20kg, m 2 = 30kg. m 2 is on smooth surface.

Surface between m1 and m2 has μ s = 0.5 and
μk = 0.3. Find the acceleration of m1 and m2 for
the following cases
(a) (i) F = 160 N, (ii) F = 175 N ; (b) F = 160 N

Q.8 A system of masses is shown in the figure with masses &

co-efficients of friction indicated. Calculate :
(i) the maximum value of F for which there is no slipping
anywhere . (ii) the minimum value ofF for which B slides on C.
(iii) the minimum value ofF for whichA slips on B.
Q.9 A car begins to move at time t = 0 and then accelerates along a straight track with a speed
given by V(t) = 2t2 ms- 1t for2 0 <
After the end of acceleration, the car continues to move at a constant speed.A small block initially
at rest on the floor of the car begins to slip at t = 1sec. and stops slipping at t = 3 sec. Find the
coefficient of static and kinetic friction between the block and the floor.
Q. 10 A smooth right circular cone of semi vertical angle a = tan- 1(5/12) is at rest on a horizontal
plane. A rubber ring of mass 2.5kg which requires a force of 15N for an extension of 10cm is
placed on the cone. Find the increase in the radius of the ring in equilibrium.

EXERCISEñIII
Q. 1 A block of mass 0. 1kg is held against a wall by applying a horizontal force of 5N on the block.
If the
coefficient of friction between the block and the wallis 0.5, the magnitude of the frictional force
acting on the block is
(A) 2.5N (B) 0.98N (C) 4.9N (D) 0.49N [JEE 1997]

Q.2 Block A of mass m and block B of mass 2m areplaced on a fixed triangular

wedge by means of a massless inextensible string and a frictionless pulley as
sides. The coefficient of friction between block A and the wedge is
shown in the figure. The wedge is inclined at 45o to the horizontal on both
2/3 and that between block B and the wedge is 1/3. If the system of A and B
is released from rest , find (i) the acceleration ofA, (ii) tension in the string, (iii)
the magnitude and the direction of friction acting onA. [JEE 1997]

Q.3 A spring of force constant k is cut into two pieces such that one piece such that one piece is
double
the length of the other. Then the long piece will have a force constant of
(A) (2/3) k (B) (3/2) k (C) 3k (D) 6k [JEE 1999]

Particle Dynamics [7]

Q.4 In the figure masses m1, m2 and M are 20 kg, 5 kg and 50 kg
respectively. The co-efficient of friction between M and ground is
zero. The co-efficient of friction between m and M and that between
1
m2 and ground is 0.3. The pulleys and the string are massless . The
string is perfectly horizontal between P1 and m1 and also between P2
and m2 . The string is perfectly vertical between P1 and P2.An external
horizontal force F is applied to the mass M. Take g = 10 m/s2.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram for mass M, clearly showing all the forces.
(b) Let the magnitude of the force of friction between m 1 and Mbe f 1 and that between m 2 and
ground
be f 2 . For a particular F it is found that f 1 = 2 f 2 . Find f 1 and f 2 . Write down equations of motion
of all the masses . Find F, tension in the string and accelerations of the masses. [JEE 2000]
Q.5 The pulleys and strings shown in the figure are smooth and of

negligible mass.be
angle θ should For the system to remain in[JEE
equilibrium, the
(Scr) 2001]
(A) 0。 (B) 30。
(C) 45。 (D) 60。
Q.6 A string of negligible mass going over a clamped pulley of mass
m supports a block of mass M as shown in the figure. The
force on the pulley by the clamp is given [JEE (Scr) 2001]
(A) 2 ( 2
( (M + m)2 + m2 g ( (M + m)2 + M2
Q A block of 3 kg is placed on a rough horizontal surface whose coefficient
of friction 1 2 3 minimum value of force F (shown in figure) for which the
block starts to slide on the surface. (g= 10m/s2)
(A) 20 N (B) 20 3
( 10 3 (D) None of these [JEE (Scr)
Q.8 Two blocks A and B of equal masses are released from an inclined
plane of inclination 45。at t=0.Both the blocks are initially at rest.The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the blockAand the inclined plane
is 0.2 while it is 0.3 for block B. Initially, the blockAis
2 mbehind
the block B. When and where their front faces will come in a
[Take g = 10 m/s2].
[JEE 2004]
Q.9 Two blocks A and B of masses 2m and m, respectively, are connected by a massless
and inextensible string.The whole system is suspended by a massless spring as
shown in the figure.The magnitudes of acceleration ofAand B, immediately after
the string is cut,
are respectively [JEE 2006]
(A) g, g (B) g, g/2
(C) g/2, g (D) g/2, g/2

Q. 10 A circular disc with a groove along its diameter is placed horizontally. A

block of mass 1 kg is placed as shown. The co-efficient of friction between
the block and all surfaces of groove in contact is μ = 2/5. The disc has an
acceleration of25 m/s2. Find the acceleration of the block with respect to
disc. [JEE 2006]
Particle Dynamics [8]
 CIRCULAR MOTION & WORK POWER ENERGY
1. A body moving with constant speed in a circular pathis continuously accelerated towards the centre
of rotation. The magnitude of this normal acceleration is given by
v2
a =r =负 r
2
n
whe v is the constant speed (v = 负 r) and
r is the radius of the circular path
dv
Tangential area : at dt , a +a 2n

v2
2. Radius of curvature : r =
an

3 According to Newtonís second law, a body moving in a circular path with constant speed mustbe
acted upon by an unbalanced force which is always directed towards the centre. This necessary
unbalanced force is called the centripetal force.
2
F= m = m负
v

4 Centrifugal force is a pseudo force which is observed an observer in rotating frame.

2
cf = m 负 frame

Work (W) :
The work W done by a constant force F when its point of application
undergoes a displacement s is defined as
W = F.s = Fs cos θ
where θ is the angle between F and s.Work is a scalar quantity and its
SI units isN-m orjoule (J).

Note: Only the component (F cos θ) of the force F which is along the displacement contributes to the
work done.
If F = Fx i + Fà y j +à Fzk and s = Δxi +
à Δyj+
à Δzk
then W = F . = FxΔx + FyΔy + Fz Δ z

5 Work done by a Variable Force : When the magnitude and direction of a force varies with
position, The work done by such a force for an infinitesimal displacement ds is given by
dW = . d

In terms of rectangular components,

X B YB Z B
WAB = ∫ Fx dx + ∫ Fy dy + ∫ Fz dz
XA YA ZA

6 Work Done by a Spring Force : The work done by the spring force for a displacement from xi to
xf is given by

Ws = - (
k xf -xi
2 2 )

Particle Dynamics [9]

7. Work Energy theorem :
Work done on a body can produce a change in its kinetic energy. Work is required to produce
motion and it is also required to destroy motion.
W = ΔK = K - K
f

8. Conservative Force : The force which does work in complete independence of the path followed
the body is called a conservative force. The gravitational force, spring force and electrostatic force
are the examples of conservative forces.

9. Non-Conservative Force : The work done by anon-conservative force not only depends on the
initial and final positions but also on the path followed. The common examples of such
forces are : frictional force and drag force of fluids.

10. Potential Energy : The potential energy is defined only for conservative forces.
B

UB-UA = - ∫ Fc .ds
A

dU
11. Conservative force : F = -
c dx
At equilibrium, =0 d
U
The point Bis the position of stable equilibrium, because >0
dx 2

dU
The point Cis the position odf unstable equilibrium, because <0
dx 2

Particle Dynamics [10]

 (CIRCULAR MOTION & WORK POWER ENERGY)
EXERCISE-,
Q. 1 The bob of a simple pendulum of length lis released from point P. What
is the angle made by the net acceleration of the bob with the string at
point Q.

Q.2 A ball of mass 1 kgis released from position A inside a wedge with a hemispherical
cut of radius 0.5 m as shown in the figure. Find the force exerted by the vertical
wall OM on wedge, when the ball is in position B. (neglect friction everywhere).
Take (g= 10 m/s2)

Q.3 A particle P is moving on a circle under the action of only one force acting
always towards fixed point O on the circumference. Find ratio of

d2 d 2

& (|（ .
dt d

Q.4 A particle is moving in x direction, under the influence of force F = π sin πx. Find the work
done by another external agent in slowly moving a particle from x = 0 to x = 0.5 m.
Q.5 A particle moves in a circle of radius R with a constant speed v. Then, find the magnitude of
average
π
acceleration during a time interval R

Q In the figure shown, pulley and spring are ideal. Find the potential energy stored
in the spring (m1 > m2).

Q.7 A spring of mass m is pulled such that a given instant, velocity of both of its end is v in the
opposite
direction. Find the kinetic energy of the spring.

Q.8 A particle of mass 3 kg is rotating in a circle of radius 1 m such that the angle rotated by its radius is
given
by θ = 3 (t + sint). Find the net force acting on the particle when t = π/2.

Q.9 For a particle rotating in a vertical circle with uniform speed, the maximum and minimum tension
in the
string are in the ratio 5 : 3. If the radius of vertical circle is 2m, then find the speed of revolving
body.

Q. 10 Two strings of length l= 0.5 m each are connected to a block of mass m= 2 kg at

one end and their ends are attached to the point A and B 0.5 m apart on a vertical
T
pole which rotates with a constant angular velocityΦ= 7 rad/sec. Find the ratio 1
2
T
of tension in the upper string (T1) and the lower string (T2). [Use g = 9.8 m/s2]

Q. 11 Aforce F = -k(x i + àyj) [where kis a positive constant] acts on a particle moving in the x-y

( )
2 , 0 . Find the total work done
a by the
plane.

Starting from origin, the particle is taken to (a, a) and then to

force F on the particle.

Particle Dynamics [11]

Q. 12 A bead of mass m is attached to one end of a spring of natural length3

spring constant k= . The other end of the spring is fixed at

point A
on a smooth fixed vertical ring of radius Ras shown in the figure. What is the
normal reaction atB just after the bead is released?

Q. 13 Water is pumped from a depth of 10 m and delivered through a pipe of cross section 10 ñ2 m 2
upto a height of 10 m. If it is needed to deliver a volume 0.2 m 3 per second, find the power
required.
[Use g = 10 m/s2]

Q. 14 A mass m rotating freely in a horizontal circle of radius 1 m on a

frictionless smooth table supports a stationary mass 2m, attached to the
other end of the string passing through smooth hole O in table, hanging
vertically. Find the angular velocity of rotation.

Q. 15 Consider the shown arrangement when a is bob of mass ‘m í is suspended by

means of a string connected to peg P. If the bob is given a horizontal velocity
having

magnitude 3gl , find the minimum speed of the bob in subsequent motion.

mg
Q. 16 A be a d of mass m is tied at one end of a spring of spring constant
and unstretched R
R
2 and other end to fixed point O. The smooth
semicircular wire frame is fixed in vertical plane. Find the normal reaction
between bead and wirejust before it reaches the lowest point.

Q. 17 A particle of mass m is hanging with the help of an elastic string of unstretched length a and
force
. The other end is fixed to a peg on vertical wall. String is given an additional extension of
consta
2a in vertical downward direction by pulling the mass and released from rest. Find the maximum
height reached by it during its subsequent motion above point of release. (Neglect interaction
with pegifany)

Q. 18 A particle of mass 1 kg is given a horizontal velocity of4 m/s along a horizontal

surface, with which it has a coefficient of friction (both static and kinetic) of 0.4.
The particle strikes a fixed ideal spring of force constant 6 N/m after travelling a
distance of0.25 m. Assume acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2. Find the final
displacement of the particle from its starting point.

Q. 19 A point moves along a circle having a radius 20 cm with a constant tangential

acceleration
5 cm/s2. How much time is needed after motion begins for the normal acceleration of the point
to be equal to tangential acceleration ?
Q.20 A body of mass 2 kg is moving under the influence of a central force whose potential energy is

Particle Dynamics [12]

given by U (r) = 2r3 Joule. If the body is moving in a circular orbit of 5m,then find its energy.

Particle Dynamics [12]

 the ring is( j)
Q.21 Aparticle
Q.22 Aring rotates about z in
is revolving axis as shown
a circle in figure.
of radius The an
1m with plane of rotation
angular is xy.
speed of 12 rad/s.At t= 0, it was
subjected to a constant angular acceleration a and its angular speed increased to(480/π) rpm in 2
à continues to move with attained speed. Calculate
sec. Particle then
(a) 6 i -8 à m/s
angular acceleration
2. find the angular acceleration of the ring
of the particle,
angular velocity at that instant. Radius of the ring
(b) tangential velocity of the particle as a function of time.
(c) acceleration of the particle at t = 0.5 second and at t = 3 second
(d) angular displacement at t = 3 second.

constant counter clockwise velocity 负= 3 rad/sec. As it passes the position θ = 0, a

small mass m isplaced upon it at a radial distance r= 0.5 m. If the mass is observed
to slip at θ = 3 7 。 , find the coefficient of friction between the mass & the member.

Q.24 A particle P is sliding down a frictionless hemispherical bowl. It passes the point
Q.23 Aat
Thet member
= 0. At this
OAinstant
rotatesofintime, the horizontal
vertical plane aboutcomponent of its
a horizontal velocity
axis throughis O
v. with
A a

bead
AB, Q of the
with the same
speedmass asP is ejected
v. Friction betweenfromA at t=0
the bead andalong the horizontal
the string string
maybe neglected.

Which bead reaches point B earlier?

Q.25 The blocks are of mass 2 kg shown is in equilibrium. At t = 0 right spring in fig (i) and right
string in fig (ii) breaks. Find the ratio of instantaneous acceleration of blocks?

figure (i) figure (ii)

EXERCISE-,
Q. 1 A particle is confined to move along the +x axis under the action of a force F(x)
that the
is derivable from F(x)potential U(x) =ax -
for the
3
(a) Find expression
the interval x=0 to x=x . For this case find the values of x
(b)
(c) When the the
Determine total energy1 ofkinetic
maximum the particle
energyisthat
zero,
thethe particle
trapped can behas
particle trapped within Express all
in its motion.
answers in terms a and b.
Q.2 A particle of mass 2kg is subjected to a two dimensional conservative force given by
Fx =-2x+2y, Fy=2x-y2. (x,yin m and FinN) If the particle has kinetic energy of(8/3) J at point
(2,3), find the speed of the particle when it reaches (1,2).

Particle Dynamics [13]

Q.3 A square plate is firmly atached to a frictionless horizontal plane. One end of ataut cord
is attached to point A of the plate and the other end is attached to a sphere of mass
m. In the process, the cord gets wrapped around the plate. The sphere is given an
initial velocity v0 on the horizontal plane perpendicular to the cord which causes it
to make a complete circuit of the plate and return to point A. Find the velocity of
the sphere when it hits pointA again after moving in a circuit on the horizontal
plane.Also find the time taken by the sphere to complete the circuit.
Q.4 A particle of mass 5 kg is free to slide on a smooth ring of radius r = 20 cm
fixed in a vertical plane. The particle is attached to one end of a spring whose
other end is fixed to the top point O of the ring. Initially the particle is at rest
at a point A of the ring such that OCA= 60。, C being the centre of the ring.
The natural length of the spring is also equal to r = 20cm. After the particle is
released and slides down the ring the contact force between the particle & the
ring becomes zero when it reaches the lowest position B. Determine the force
constant of the spring.

Q.5 Aring of mass m slides on a smooth vertical rod.Alight string is attached to the ring
and is passing over a smooth peg distant a from the rod, and at the other end
of the string is a mass M (> m). The ring is held on a level with the peg and
released :
Show that it first comes to rest after falling a distance:
2 mMa
2 2
M -m
Q.6 Ablockofmassmisheld atrestona smoothhorizontalfloor.Alightfrictionless,
small pulleyis fixed at a height of6 m from the floor.Alight inextensible string
of length 16 m, connected withApasses over the pulleyand another identical
block B is hung from the string. Initial height of B is 5m from the floor as
shown in Fig. When the system isreleased from rest, B startsto move vertically
downwards andA slides on the floor towards right.
(i) If at an instant string makes an angleθ with horizontal, calculate relation between velocityu ofAand
v of B. (ii) Calculate v when B strikes the floor.

Q.7 Asmall block can move in a straight horizontal linea alongAB. Flashlights from
one side projects its shadow on a vertical wall which has horizontal cross section
as a circle. Find tangential & normal acceleration of shadow of the block on the
wall as a function of time if the velocity of the block is constant (v).
Q.8 In fig two identical springs, each with a relaxed length of50cm and a spring constant of
500N/m, are connected by a short cord of length 10cm. The upper string is
attached to the ceiling, a box that weighs 100N hangs from the lower spring. Two
additional cords, each 85cm long , are also tied to the assembly; they are limp (i.e.
slack).
(a) If the short cord is cut, so that the box then hangs from the springs and the two longer cords,
does the
Q.9 box Themove
small up
pendulum
or down? of mass mis suspended from a trolleythat runs on a horizontal
(b) How far does the box move before coming to rest again?

Particle Dynamics [14]

 rail. The trolley and pendulum are initially at rest with θ =0. If the trolleyis given
a constant acceleration a= g determine the maximum angle θmax through which
the pendulum swings.Also find the tension Tin the cord in terms ofθ .

Particle Dynamics [14]

Q. 10 Aweightless rod of length l with a small load of mass m at the end is hinged at pointA
as shown in the figure and occupies a strictly vertical position, touching a body of
mass M.Alight jerk sets the system in motion. For what mass ratio M/m will the
rod form an angle C= π/6 with the horizontal at the moment of the separation
from the body?
What will be the velocity u of the body at this moment? Friction should be neglected.

EXERCISE-,
Q. 1 A smooth semicircular wire track of radius R is fixed in a vertical plane. One end of
a massless spring of natural length (3R/4) is attached to the lowest point O of
the wire track.A small ring of mass m, which can slide on the track, is
attached to the other end of the spring. The ring is held stationary at point P
such that the spring makes an angle of60 。 with the vertical.The spring
constant K=mg/R.Consider the instant when the ring is released and
(i) draw the free body diagram of the ring.
(ii) determine the tangential acceleration of the ring and the normal reaction. [JEE 96]
Q.2 Two blocks of mass m1=10kg and m2=5kg connected to each other by a massless inextensible
string of length 0.3m areplaced along a diameter of a turntable. The coefficient of friction
between the table and m1 is 0.5 while there is no friction between m2 and the table. The table is
rotating with an angular velocity of 10rad/sec about a vertical axis passing through its centre. The
masses areplaced along the diameter
of the table on either side of the centre O such that m is at a distance of0 124m from O The masses
are 1 . .

observed to be at rest with respect to an observer on the turn table.

(i) Calculate the frictional force on m1
(ii) What should be the minimum angular speed of the turntable so that the masses will slip from this
position. (iii) How should the masses be placed with the string remaining taut, so that there is no
frictional force acting
on the mass m . [JEE
1
Q.3 A small block of mass m slides along a smooth frictional
track as shown in the fig. (i) If it starts from rest atP, what
is is the resultant force acting on it at Q? (ii)At what height
above the bottom of the loop should the block be released
so that the force it exerts against the track at the top of the
loop equals its weight. [REE 97]

Q.4 Aforce F = 一 K(yià + àxj) where Kis a positive constant, acts on a particle moving in the x-y
plane.
Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along the positive x-axis to the point (a,0) and then parallel
to the y-axis to the pint (a,a). The total work done by the force F on the particle is [JEE 98]
(A) - 2Ka 2
(B) 2Ka 2
(C) - Ka 2
(D) Ka 2

Q.5 A stone is tied to a string of length lis whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string
at the
centre.At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position and has a speed u. The
magnitude of the change in its velocity at it reaches a position where the string is horizontal is
[JEE98]
(A) (u 2 一 2gl) 2 ( (u 2 一 gl) 2(u 2 一
Q.6 A particle is suspended verticallyfrom apointO by an inextensible massless
string of length L.Avertical line ABis at a distance L/8 from O as shown.

Particle Dynamics [15]

The object given a horizontal velocity u.At some point, its motion ceases
to be circular and eventually the object passes through the lineAB. At the
instant of crossingAB, its velocity is horizontal. Find u. [JEE'99, 10]

Particle Dynamics [15]

Q.7 Along horizontal rod has a bead which can slide along its length, and initially placed at a distance
L from
one end ofA of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion aboutAwith constant angular acceleration
a. If the coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is μ and gravity is neglected, then the
time after
which the bead starts slipping is [JEE'2000]
μ μ 1
(A) ( ( (D)infinitesi
μa
a

Q A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as shown below. Each of the tracks risks to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the track is the same in all cases.At the highest point of the
track, the normal reaction is maximum in [JEE(Scr) í2001]

(A) ( ( (

Q.9 An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly (see the figure). The
coefficient of friction between the insect and the surface is 1/3. If the linejoining
the centre of the hemispherical surface to the insect makes an angle a with the
vertical, the maximum possible value of a is given by [JEE(Scr.) í2001]
(A) cot a = 3 (B) tan a = 3 (C) sec a = 3 (D) cosec a = 3

Q. 10 A small ball of mass 2x10ñ3 Kg having a charge of 1 μc is suspended by a string of length

0.8m.Another identical ball having the same charge is kept at the point of suspension. Determine
the minimum horizontal
velocitywhich should be imparted to the lower ball so that it can make complete revolution.
[JEEí2001]

Q. 11 A simple pendulum is oscillatingwithout damping. When the displacement of the bob is less that
maximum,
its acceleration vector is correctly shown in [JEE (Scr.) í2002]

( ( ( (D)

Q. 12 A particle, which is constrained to move along the x-axis, is subjected to a force in the same
direction which varies with the distance x of the particle x of the particle from the
origin as F(x) = ñ kx + ax2. Here k and a are positive constants. For x 0, the functional form
of the potential
energy U (x) of the particle is [JEE (Scr.) í2002]

(A) ( ( (

Q. 13 An ideal spring with spring-constant k is hung from the ceiling and a block of mass Mis attached
to its
lower end. The mass is released with the spring initiallyunstretched. Then the maximum extension in the
spring is [JEE (Scr.) í2002]

Particle Dynamics [16]

(A) 4 Mg/k (B) 2 Mg/k (C) Mg/k (D) Mg/2k

Particle Dynamics [16]

Q. 14 A spherical ball of mass m is kept at the highest point in the space between two
fixed, concentric spheresA and B (see figure). The smaller sphereAhas a radius R
and the space between the two spheres has a width d. The ball has a diameter very
slightly less than d. All surfaces are frictionless. The ball is given a gentle push
the upwardthe
(towards vertical is the
right in denoted
figure). θ (shown
by The angle in the figure).
made [JEE'of2002]
by the radius vector the ball with

(a) Express the total normal reaction force exerted by the spheres on the ball as a function of angle θ .
(b) Let NA andN B denote the magnitudes of the normal reaction force on the ball exerted by the spheres A
and B, respectively. Sketch the variations of NA and NB as functions of cosθ in the range 0 < θ <
π by drawing two separate graphs in your answer book, taking cosθ on the horizontal axes.

Q. 15 In a region of only gravitational field of mass 'M' a particle is shifted

from A to B via three different paths in the figure. The work done in
different paths are W 1 , W 2 , W 3 respectively then [JEE (Scr.) í2003]
(A) W 1 = W 2 = W 3 (B) W 1 = W 2 > W 3
(C) W1 > W2 > W3 (D) W1 < W2 < W3

Q. 16 A particle of mass m, moving in a circular path of radius R with a constant

speed v2 is located at point (2R, 0) at time t = 0 and a man starts
moving with a velocity v1 along the +vey-axis from origin at time t= 0.
Calculate the linear momentum of the particle w.r.t. the man as a function
of time. [JEE' 2003]

Q. 17 A particle is placed at the origin and a force F = kx is acting on it (where kis a positive
constant). If U(0) = 0, the graph of U(x) versus x will be (where U is the potential energy
function)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

[JEE' 2004(Scr)]

Particle Dynamics [17]

 CENTRE OF MASS MOMENTUM & COLLISION

The action of force with respect to time is defined in terms of Impulse, that is,
I= ∫ Fdt = mvf - mvi =Δp

In the absence of a net external force, the momentum of a system is conserved.

dP
i.e. =F =0
dt ext
p = p1 + p2 + ............+ pN =

1. Collision is a kind of interaction between two or more bodies which come in contact with each
other for a very short time interval.
2. Types of collision: Elastic and Inelastic
Collisions maybe either elastic or inelastic. Linear momentum is conserved in both cases.
(i) A perfectly elastic collision is defined as one in which the total kinetic energy of the system is
conserved. (ii) In an inelastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system changes.
(iii) In a completely inelastic collision, the two bodies couple or stick togehter.
3. Coefficient of Restitution : It is defined as the ratio of the velocity of separation to the velocity
of approach of the two colliding bodies.
r e l.of separ ation
e=
re l velocity ofappro ach
For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1
For an inelastic collision, 0 < e < 1
For completely inelastic collision, e = 0
Note that the velocity of approach and the velocity of separation are always taken along the
normal to the striking surface.

1. CENTRE
Discrete OF MASS
System : The position vector of the centre of mass is

m1r1 + m2r2 + ......... + mn rn

r m1 + m2 + .........mn
c

where , ,..., are the position vectors of masses m1, m2, ...., mn
respectively. The components of the position vector of centre of mass are
defined as
xc = ; yc = ; zc =

2. Continuous system : The centre of mass of a continuous body is defined

as = r dm

In the component form

xc = x dm ; yc = ydm ; zc = z dm

Particle Dynamics [18]

3. Centre of Mass of Some Common Systems :
(i) A system of two point masses.
The centre of mass lie closer to the heavier mass.

(ii) A circular cone

yc =
(iii) A semi-circular ring
yc = ; xc = 0
(iv) A semi-circular disc
yc = ; xc = 0

(v) Ahemispherical

shell yc = ; xc =
0

(vi) A solid hemisphere

yc = ; xc = 0
4. Motion of the centre of mass :
(i) Velocity : The instantaneous velocity of the centre of mass is

defined as v =
c

(ii) Acceleration : The acceleration of the centre of mass is defined as

ac =
(iii) Momentum : The total momentum of a system of particles is
p = Mvc
(iv) Kinetic Energy : The kinetic energy of a system of particles consisits of two parts.
K=K +Kí
c

where Kc = 1Mv c , kinetic energy due to motion of c.m. relative to the fixed origin O,
2
2
and K í = Σ m ivi , kinetic energy of the particles relative to the c.m.
Note that the term Kí mayinvolve translational, rotational or vibrational energies relative to the centre of
mass.
5. Newonís Laws of a system of particles : The first and second laws of motion for a system of
particles are modified as :
First law : The centre of mass of an isolated system is at rest or moves with constant velocity.
Second law : The net external force acting on a system of total of mass Mis related to the
acceleration of centre of mass of the system.
Σ ext =M cm

Particle Dynamics [19]

 (CENTRE OF MASS MOMENTUM & COLLISION)
EXERCISEñ I
Q. 1 A hemisphere of radius Rand of mass 4mis free to slide with its base on a smooth
horizontal
the table.A particle
angular velocityof of mass
the particle misplaced
relative on the top
to hemisphere of angular
at an the hemisphere. Find
displacement

θ when velocity of hemisphere has become v.

Q.2 A man whose mass is m kg jumps verticallyinto air from a sitting position in which his centre of
mass is at
aheighth1 from the ground. When his feet arejust about to leave the ground his centre of mass ish2
from the ground and finally rises to h3 when he is at the top of thejump. (a) What is the upward
force exerted by the ground on him treating it as a constant? (b) Find work done by normal
reaction from ground.
Q.3 Inthetheball is imparted
figure shown, aeach
velocityu,
tinyballinhas
themass
position shown,
m, and in which
the string hasthe initial
length L. distance
One of

between the balls is L 3 . The motion of ball occurs on smooth horizontal plane.

Find the impulse of the tension in the string when it becomes taut .
Q.4 Two trolleysA and B are free to move on a level frictionless track, and are initially
stationary.Aman on
trolley A throws a bag of mass 10 kg with a horizontal velocity of4 m/s with respect to himself
on to trolley B of mass 100 kg. The combined mass of trolley A (excluding bag) and the man is
140 kg. Find the ratio of velocities of trolleys A and B,just after the bag lands on trolley B.
Q.5 A bob of mass m attached with a string of length l tied to a point on ceiling is released from a
position
when its string is horizontal. At the bottom most point of its motion, an identical mass m gently
stuck to it. Find the angle from the vertical to which it rises.
Q.6
Q.7 Two Findballs of equalofmasses
the distance centre are projected
of mass from upward simultaneously,
O of a composite one from
solid cone the ground with
and solid
speed
50 m/s cylinder
and othermade
fromofa same
40 m material.
high tower with initial speed 30 m/s. Find the maximum height attained by
their centre of mass.

Q.8 Two blocks of mass 3 kg and 6 kg respectively areplaced on a smooth horizontal

surface. They are connected by a light spring. Initially the spring is unstretched
and the velocity of2 m/s is imparted to 3 kg block as shown. Find the maximum
velocity of6 kg block during subsequent motion.
come in contact.
Q.9 Two planks each of mass m and length Lareconnected bya frictionless, massless
hinge as shown in the figure. Initially the system is at rest on a level frictionless
the influence
surface. of mutual
The vertical force
plank fallsonly. The velocity
anticlockwise andoffinaly
their comes
centre of massonatthe
to rest a given
instant is 2 m/s. The x coordinate of m is plotted
top of the horizontal plank. Find the displacement
1 against time. Then plotthe
of the hinge till the two planksx
coordinate of m2 against time. (Both are initially located at origin)
Q. 10 2 bodies m1 & m2 of mass 1 and 2 kg respectively are moving along x-axis under

Q. 11 Two masses, nm and m, start simultaneously from the intersection of two straight
lines with velocities v and nv respectively. It is observed that the path of their
centre of mass is a straight line bisecting the angle between the given straight
lines. Find the magnitude of the velocity of centre of inertia.
(here θ = angle between the lines)
Particle Dynamics [20]
Q. 12 Two blocks of equal masses m are released from the top of a smooth fixed
wedge as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the
centre of mass of the two blocks.

Q. 13 From a uniform circular disc of radius R, a square is cut out with radius R as its
diagonal. Find the centre of mass of remainder is at a distance.(from the centre)

Q. 14 A sphere of mass m1 in motion hits directly another sphere of mass m2 at rest and sticks to it, the
total
kinetic energy after collision is 2/3 of their totalK.E. before collision. Find the ratio of m1 : m2.

Q. 15 Two bodies of same mass tied with an inelastic string of length l lie together. One of them is
projected 6gl . Find the maximum height up to which the centre of
vertically upwards with velocity
system of the two masses rises.

Q. 16 Disc A of mass m collides with stationary disk B of mass 2m as shown in

figure. Find the value of coefficient of restitution for which the two disks
move in perpendicular direction after collision.

Q. 17 A platform of mass m and a counterweight of mass(m + M) are connected by a light cord which
passes
over a smooth pulley.A man of mass Mis standing on the platform which is at rest. If the man
leaps vertically upwards with velocity u, find the distance through which the platform will
descend. Show that when the man meets the platform again both are in their original positions.

Q. 18 The figure shows the positions and velocities of two particles. If the
particles move under the mutual attraction of each other, then find the

position of centre of mass at t = 1 s.

Q. 19 After scaling a wall of3 m height a man of weight W drops himself to the ground. If his body
comes to a complete stop 0. 15 sec. After his feet touch the ground, calculate the average
impulsive force in the vertical direction exerted by ground on his feet. (g = 9.8 m/s2)

Q.20 A heavy ball of mass 2m moving with a velocity u0 collides elastically

head-on with a cradle of three identical balls each of mass m as shown
in figure. Determine the velocity of each ball after collision.

Q.21 The Atwood machine in fig has a third mass attached to it by a limp string. After being
released, the 2m mass falls a distance x before the limp string becomes taut.
Thereafter both the mass on the left rise at the same speed. What is the final
speed? Assume that pulley is ideal.

Q.22 Two blocks A and B of masses m and 2m respectively are connected

by a spring of force constant k. The masses are moving to the right with
uniform velocity v each, the heavier mass leading the lighter one. The
spring in between them is of natural length during the motion. Block B

Particle Dynamics [21]

collides with a third block C of mass m, at rest. The collision being
completely inelastic. Calculate the maximum compression of the spring.

Particle Dynamics [21]

 EXERCISEñII
Q. 1 A billiard table is 15 cm by 20 cm. A smooth ball of coefficient of restitution e = 4/9 is projected
from a point on the shorter side so as to describe a rectangle and return to the point of projection
after rebounding at each of the other three cushions. Find the position of the point and the
direction of projection.

Q.2 In a game of Carom Board, the Queen (a wooden disc of radius 2 cm and mass 50
gm) is placed at the exact center of the horizontal board. The striker is a
smooth plastic disc of radius 3 cm and mass 100 gm. The board is frictionless.
The striker is given an initial velocity ‘u í parallel to the sides BC or AD so that
it hits the Queen inelasticallywith coefficient of restitution= 2/3. The impact
parameter for the collision is ‘d í (shown in the figure). The Queen rebounds
from the edge AB of the board inelastically with same coefficient of restitution
= 2/3 and enters the holeD following the dotted path shown. The side of the
board is L.
Find the value of impact parameter ‘d í and the time which the Queen takes to enter holeD after
collision with the striker.

Q.3 Three spheres, each of mass m, can slide freely on a frictionless, horizontal surface.
Spheres A and B are attached to an inextensible inelastic cord of length land are
at rest in the position shown when sphere B is struck directly by sphere C which
is moving to the right with a velocity v0 . Knowing that the cord is taut when
sphere B is struck by sphere C and assuming perfectly elastic impact between B
and C, determine the velocity of each sphere immediately after impact.

Q.4 Awedge of mass M=2m rests on a smooth horizontal plane.Asmall block of

mass m rests over it at left end A as shown in figure. A sharp impulse is
applied on the block, due to which it starts moving to the right with velocity
v0 = 6 msñ1.At highest point of its trajectory, the block collides with a particle
of same mass m moving vertically downwards with velocity v=2 msñ1 and
gets stuck with it. If the combined body lands at the endpointAof body of
mass M, calculate length l. Neglect friction (g=10 msñ2)

Q.5 A ball of mass= 1Kg is hung vertically by a thread of length l= 1.50 m. Upper
end of the thread is attached to the ceiling of a trolley of mass M = 4 kg. Initially,
trolley is stationary and it is free to move along horizontal rails without friction.A
shell of mass m= 1 kg moving horizontallywith velocityv0 = 6msñ1 collides with
the ball and gets stuck with it. As a result, thread starts to deflect towards right.
Calculate its maximum deflection with the vertical. (g= 10m sñ2)

Q.6 A 70gball Bdroped from a heighth0 = 9 m reaches a height

h2 = 0.25m after bouncing twice from identical 210gplates.
PlateA rests directly on hard ground, while plate C rests on a
foam-rubber mat. Determine
(a) the coefficient of resitution between the ball and the plates,
(b) the height h1 of the ball ís firstbounce.

Q.7 A sphere of mass m is moving with a velocityà 4i - j when it hits a smooth wall and rebounds with
velocity

Particle Dynamics [22]

à à
i + 3j . Find the impulse it receives. Find also the coefficient of restitution between the sphere and the
wall.

Particle Dynamics [22]

Q.8 A ball of mass m = 1 kg falling vertically with a velocity v0 = 2 m/s strikes a
wedge of mass M = 2kg kept on a smooth, horizontal surface as shown in
figure. The coefficient of restitution between the ball and the wedge is e= 1/2.
Find the velocity of the wedge and the ball immediately after collision.

Q.9 A chain of length l and m lies in a pile on the floor. It its endAis raised
vertically at a constant speed v0, express in terms of the lengthy of
chain which is off the floor at any given instant.
(a) the magnitude of the force P applied to end A.
(b) the reaction of the floor. (c) energy lost during the lifting of the chain.

Q. 10 3 blocks of mass 1kg each kept on horizontal smooth ground are

connected by2 taut strings of length las shown. B is pulled with constant
acceleration a0 in direction shown. Find the relative velocity of A& C
just before striking.

Particle Dynamics [23]

 EXERCISEñIII
Q. 1 A set of n-identical cubical blocks lie at rest parallel to each other along a line on a smooth
horizontal
surface. The separation between the near surfaces of any two adjacent blocks is L. The block at one
end is given a speed V towards the next one at time t = 0. All colisions are completely inelastic,
then
(i) the last block starts moving at t = n(n -1)L/(2v)
(ii) the last block starts moving at t= (n -1)L/v
(iii) the centre of mass of the system will have a final speed v/n
(iv) the centre of mass of the system will have a final speed v. [IIT 95]

Q.2 A small bucket of mass M (=10-2kg) is attached to a long cord of length L (= 5 根 10-2m). The
bucket is
released from rest when the cord is in a horizontal position. In its lowest position the bucket scoops up
m(=10-3kg) of water, what is the height of the swing above the lowest position [REE 95]

Q.3 A small sphere of radius R is held against the inner surface of a larger
released. Find
sphere of the coordinates
radius of the
6R. The masses of centre of the
large and large
small sphereare
spheres when
4M and
M respectively. This arrangement is placed on a horizontal table. There
is no friction between any surfaces of contact. The small sphere is now

Q.4 A body of mass 5kg moves along the x axis with a velocity 2m/s. A second body of mass 10kg
moves
along they axis with a velocity 3 m/s. They collide at the origin and stick together. Calculate
(i) the final velocity of the combined mass after collision
(ii) the amount of heat liberated in the collision. [REE 96]
Q.5 An isolated particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal plane (x-y) along the x-axis at a certain
height
above the ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragments of masses m/4 and 3m/4. An instant later the
smaller fragment is at y= + 1 5 cm. The larger fragment at this instant is at [ IIT 9 7 ]
(A) y = - 5cm (B) y= + 20cm (C) y = + 5cm (D) y= - 20cm

Q.6 A cart is moving along +x direction with a velocity of4m/s. A person in the cart throws a stone
with a
velocity of6m/s relative to himself. In the frame of reference of the cart the stone is thrown in y-z
plane making an angle of 30o with the vertical z-axis. At the highest point of its trajectory, the
stone hits an object of equal mass hung vertically from branch of a tree by means of a string of
length L. A completely inelastic collision occurs, in which the stone gets embedded in the object.
Determine
(a) the speed of the combined mass immediately after the collision with respect to an observer on the
ground.
(b) the length L of the string such that the tension in the string becomes zero when the string
becomes
horizontal during the subsequent motion of the combined mass. [IIT 97]
Q.7 A particle of mass m and velocityv collides elastically and obliquelywith a stationary particle of
mass m.
Calculate the angle between the velocity vectors of the two particles after the collision. [REE 97]

Particle Dynamics [24]

Q.8 Two blocks of mass 2kg and M are at rest on an indiclined plane and
are separated by a distance of6.0m as shown. The coefficient of friction
between each of the blocks and the inclined plane is 0.25. The 2kg
with
blockM,iscomes
given back and has
a velocity a velocity
of 10.0m/s upofthe
1.0m/s when
inclined it reaches
plane. its
It collides
initial position. The other block M after the collision moves 0.5mup and
comes to rest. Calculate the coefficient of restitution between the blocks and the mass of the
block M.
[Take sinθ ~ tanθ = 0.05 and g = 10m/s2] [IIT 99]

Particle Dynamics [24]

Q.9 Two trolleys A and B of equal masses M are moving in oppsite directions with velocities and
-
respectively on separate horizontal frictionless parallel tracks. When they start crossing each
other, a ball of mass m is thrown from B to A and another of same mass is thrown from A to B
with velocities
normal to . The balls maybe thrown in following two ways:
(i) balls from Ato B and B to A are thrown simultaneously.
(ii) ball is thrown from A to B after the ball thrown from Breaches A.
Which procedure would lead to a larger change in the velocities of the trolleys? [REE 2000]

Q. 10 A wind-powered generator converts wind energy into electrical energy. Assume that the
generator
converts a fixed fraction of the wind energy intercepted by its blades into electrical energy. For wind
speed v, the electrical power output will be proportional to: [IIT (Scr) 2000]
(A) v (B) v2 (C) v3 (D) v4

Q. 11 Two particles of masses m1 and m2 in projectile motion have velocities 1

and 2
respectively at
time
t = 0. They collide at time t 0 . Their velocities become 1
and
'
2
at time 2t 0 while still moving in air. The

value of [ (m '
1 1
+ m2
'
2
)- (m 1 1
+ m2 2
)]is [IIT (Scr) 2001]
(A) zero (B) (m1 + m2)gt0 (C) 2(m1 + m2)gt0 (D) %(m1 + m2)gt0

Q. 12 A car P is moving with a uniform speed of 5(31/2) m/s towards a carriage of

mass 9 Kg at rest kept on the rails at a point B as shown in fig. The height AC
is 120 m. Cannonballs of 1 Kg are fired from the car with an initial velocity
100 m/satan angle 300 with the horizontal. The first canon ball hits the stationary
carriage after a time t0 and sticks to it. Determine t0. At t0, the second cannon
ball is fired. Assume that the resistive force between the rails and the carriage
issecond
constant
balland
alsoignore the sticks
hits and vertical
to motion of theWhat
the carriage. carriage
willthroughout. If the
be the horizontal
velocity of the carriagejust after the second impact? [IIT 2001]

Q. 13 Two block of masses 10 kg and 4 kg are connected by a spring of negligible mass and placed
on a
frictionless horizontal surface. An impulse gives a velocity of 14 m/s to the heavier block in the direction
of the lighter block. The velocity of the centre of mass is : [IIT (Scr) 2002]
(A) 30 m/s (B) 20 m/s (C) 10 m/s (D) 5 m/s

Q. 14 There is a rectangular plate of mass M kg of dimensions (a 题 b). The

plate is held in horizontal position by striking n small balls each of mass
m per unit area per unit time. These are striking in the shaded half region
of the
with plate. The
velocity ballsisare
v. What v? colliding elastically
It is given n = 100, M = 3 kg, m = 0.01 kg; b = 2 m; a = 1m; g = 10 m/s2.
[JEE 2006]

Particle Dynamics [25]

 ANSWER KEY
(NEWTONS LAW FORCE & FRICTION)
EXERCISE ñ I

Q. 1 contact force between the block and the belt is 10.5 N Q.2 35 kg
Q.3 306 N , 4.7 m/s2
1
Q.4 2 sec Q.6
Q.5 x2 > x1 > x3 x1 : x2 : x3 : 15 : 18 e +1
Q.7 1 sec
g
100
Q.8 Ntowards left Q.9 1 kg Q. 3N Q. 11
3 55
10
Q. 12 N
12 7.5 msñ2 Q. 16 3
Q. 14 10/3 kg 300
Q. Q. 4
4
13 5N, 16/31 kg Q.20
Q. 18 2 sec
sec
Q. 17
( 1 “ 1
40 Q. tanñ1 | Q. Q.24 1/2 sec Q.25 5 sec and m
（3 2 6
Q.21
EXERCISE ñ II
θ
ms i n s 3
Q. 1 (a) a = g cotθ, (b) μmin = Q.2
g m cos M 2
3 专
Q.3 (a) aA= =aB; aC=0; T=mg/2; (b) aA=2g 个, aB=2g 专, ac=0, T=0; (c) aA=aB= g/2 个, ac=g 专, T= ;
2
T=2mg

Q.5 (a) η = ; (b) acceleration = 4 m/s2

Q.4
275
Q.6 (a) (b) 22.5 m/s ; (c) m; (d)
2sec 6
Q.7 (a) (i) a1 = a2 = 3.2 m/s2 , (ii) a1 = 5.75 m/s2 , a2 = 2m/s2 ; (b) a1 = 5 m/s2 , a2 = ñ10/3 m/s2

Q.8 (i)90N,(ii)112.5N(iii)150N Q.9 μs =0.4 , μk = 0.3

Q. 10 Δr= , 1cm
EXERCISE ñ III
Q. 1 B Q.2 (i) zero , (ii) can ít be determined, (iii) can ít be determined Q.3 B
Q.4 (b) a = 3/5 m/s2 , T = 18 N, F = 60N Q.5 C Q.6 D Q.7 A
Q.8 11.313 m Q.9 C Q. 10 10 m/s2

Particle Dynamics [26]

 (CIRCULAR MOTION & WORK POWER ENERGY)
EXERCISE - ,
si
l nθ 15
Q. 1 tan- 1〈 〉 Q.2 N Q.3 2 tanθ Q.4 - 1J
2h 2

2 2
Q.5 2 2 v Q.6 1 2m g2 mv2
Q.7 Q.8 9 2
1
Q.9 4 5 m/s Q. 10 9 Q. 11 - ka2 4 Q. 12 (1 - 2 mg)
Q. 13 80 kW Q. 14 Q. 15 Q. 16 6mg

Q. 17 9a/2 Q. 18 m Q. 19 2 sec Q.20 625 J

à à
Q.21 - 3 k rad/s2, - 2 k rad/s
Q.22 (a) 2 rad/s2, (b) 12+2t for t < 2s, 16 for t > 2s, (c) ~ 169, 256 m/s2 (d) 44 rad
Q.23 0.1875 Q.24 P Q.25
EXERCISE - ,

b 2b
Q. 1 F = - 3ax2 + b , x = KE = 3 Q. 2 2 m/s Q. 3 v = v 0 , 5πa/v 0
a, max

Q.4 500N/m Q.6 u = vsecθ , v = m/s

Q.7 a N= tv , at = Q.8 up, 10cm

(2R vt2 )

Q.9 θ =π/2, T=mg(3sinθ+3cosθ-2) Q. 10 4,

max

EXERCISE - ,

Q. , at=5v3 g/8, N=3mg/8 Q.2 (i) 36N, (ii) 11.66rad/sec ,(iii) 0.1m, 0.2m

D Q.6 u= Q.7
Q.3 F=-8mgi-mgj, h=3R Q.4 C Q.5 A
Q. 11 C Q. 12 D Q. 13 B
Q.8 A Q.9 A Q. 10 5.79 m/s
NA NB
mg
Q. 14 (a) N=3mg cosθ - 2mg, 5mg
Q. 15 A
(b) cosθ
cosθ
cosθ= 2/3 cosθ=1 cosθ= 2/3
cosθ=

Particle Dynamics [27]

 à à
Q. PPM = m vPM = -mv2 sin Φti + m(v2 cos Φt - Q. 17

(CENTRE OF MASS & MOMENTUM)

EXERCISE - ,
mg(h 3 - h 2 )
5 [mu
Q. R
Q ( (h2 - h1 )
; (b) 0 Q.3 3] Q.4

5h
Q.5 cos-1 Q 100 Q 16 Q 4/3

2nv cos θ 2
( R
Q L Q. Q. Q. 12 g Q. Q.14 2 :
n +1 ) 4π -

Mu2
Q.18 x = 6m
Q. 15 Q. Q. Q. 19 6.21
1 2g(M +
, vsecond ball , vthird ball =
vheavy 0 3gx
Q. , vfirst = Q.21
mv 2 27
Q. 12k
EXERCISE - ,
Q. 1 x = 3 units, tanθ = 2/3
5 cm, Q
v0 2 4
Q v = v, = 0 ,v v0 Q 40
c
15
Q.5 Q.6 (a) 0.66, (b) 4 m
à à
(
Q.7 impulse = m - 3i + 4j , e = 9
1
) Q.8 v1
1
3
m/s, v2
2
3
m (|（1 - mv
2
2), (b) mg
Q ( (gy + v 0 , (c) 0 Q. 2 2a
l y
EXERCISE - ,

(i), Q.2 4.13 根 10-2m Q.3 (L + 2R, 0) Q 4/3 m/s,

Q
. (iii) Q.6 2.5 m, 0, 319 m Q.7 90o

e= , 2
Q Q.9 2 in case I Q. 10 Q. 11
M= 3
Q. 12 t0 = 12 sec, v =
Q. 13 C Q. 14 10 m/s

Particle Dynamics [28]