ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

ACTIVITY FOR TERM 1

Activity – 1 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a
fuse and a power source.
Apparatus and materials required :
i) Three bulbs (220 V, 9W) each
ii) Fuse of 0.2 A
iii) Three on/off switch
iv) A main switch
v) Power source
vi) Connecting wires
Theory :
Electricity supplied to us for domestic purposes is 220 V and 50 Hz. The
appliances are connected in parallel. A switch is connected in series I live wire with
each appliance. A main switch of suitable range and a fuse or mcb of suitable range
are used in the circuit. The current flowing through the fuse is
total power
i
220 V
The fuse is selected according to the above current.
Circuit diagram:

+ 
main switch
fuse
 fig. (1)

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

Procedure :
a)The three bulbs along with switch were connected as shown in circuit.
b)A main switch and a fuse were connected.
c)Power supply (220V) was connected to the circuit.
d)Making the switches on and off the function of the switches were observed.

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUIT

Activity – 2 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit (Say Ohm’s law).
Apparatus and materials required :
i) Voltmeter
ii) Ammeter
iii) Battery
iv) Rheostat
v) A resistance wire
vi) Connecting wires
Theory :
To measure current ammeter is connected in series and to measure potential
difference voltmeter is connected in parallel across an electrical component. The
rheostat is used to vary the resistance in the circuit.
Circuit diagram:
 V 

 M N
A


B Rh
K
 
 fig. (1)
Procedure

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

a)A resistor was connected across a battery via a key, rheostat as shown in circuit
diagram.
b)An ammeter was connected in series with the resistor.
c)A voltmeter was connected in parallel with the resistor.
d)Closing the key and changing the position of sliding contact the current and voltage
were varied.

WRONG OPEN CIRCUIT

Activity – 3 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.
Apparatus and materials required :
i) Voltmeter
ii) Ammeter
iii) Battery
iv) Rheostat
v) A resistance wire
vi) Connecting wires
Theory :
To measure current ammeter is connected in series and to measure potential
difference voltmeter is connected in parallel across an electrical component. The
rheostat is used to vary the resistance in the circuit.
Circuit diagram:
 V   A 

M N  M N

A V
 

B Rh Rh
K K
 
fig. (1) wrong open circuit
Open Wrong Circuit diagram:

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

Procedure
a)A wrong open circuit was formed.
b)An ammeter should be connected in series with the resistor.
c)A voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the resistor.
d)Positive terminal of voltmeter should be connected to positive terminal of battery
and similarly negative.

ACTIVITY FOR TERM 2

IDENTFICATION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Activity – 4 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of
such items..
Apparatus and materials required :
i) LED
ii) diode
iii) Resistor
iv) Capacitor
v) Multimeter
Theory :
LED and Diode have two terminals each. Each conducts when forward biased and
does not conduct when reverse biased. LED gives light when forward biased.
Resistor has two terminals. It allows current in both direction, but reduces current.
When a capacitor is connected to dc source the current gradually decreases.

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

Procedure
a)The multimeter was selected to the resistance mode.
b)The terminals of electronic components were connected across the multimeter.
c)Depending on the nature of deflection of the pointer and following above theory, the
various electronic components were identified.

IDENTFICATION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Activity – 5 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a
glass slab.
Apparatus and materials required :
i) Glass slab
ii) Drawing board
iii) White paper sheet,
iv) Board pins,
v) Hair pins
vi) protractor
Theory :
Lateral displacement is D  CN
CN
sin  i  r  
AC i
 D  CN  AC sin  i  r  A
But,
AB t
cos r   r
AC AC
t t N
 AC 
cos r
t
So D  sin  i  r 
cos r
Procedure B C
a)The incidence, refraction and
emergence of a ray of light through a
glass slab, was observed by the help of hair pins.
b)The lateral displacement is measured for different angle of incidence.
Observation
No of obs Angle of incidence Lateral displacement

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

Conclusion:
Lateral displacement increases with the increase of angle of incidence.
Activity – 6 Date-
Aim of the Experiment :
To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
Apparatus and materials required :
i) Light dependent resistor(LDR)
ii) Light source
iii) A multimeter
iv) A converging lens
Theory:
A photoresistor (also known as a light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive
cell) is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving
luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive surface.
Circuit diagram and arrangement

to probes of
multimeter

Procedure
a)The selector switch of the multimeter was selected to resistance mode.
b)The metallic probes of the multimeter were connected to the two ends of LDR.
c)Keeping the source of light at various heights above the LDR, the value of resistanc
was measured.
Observation
No of obs Distance of source from Resistance of LDR
LDR
1
2
3
4
5

Conclusion
The resistance decreases with increase of light intensity.
Precaution

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ACTIVITY FOR CLASS XII

The experiment should be performed in dark room.