Modals

1. He ___ the report already — he just started it 5 minutes ago.

a) must have finished

b) could have finished

c) can’t have finished

d) should have finished

2. She’s very talented. She ___ a great designer one day.

a) is able to be

b) must be

c) could have been

d) might be

3. You’re coughing a lot. You ___ to the doctor.

a) should have gone

b) can’t have gone

c) should go

d) might go

4. This ___ the right address — there’s no number on the door!

a) must be

b) can’t be

c) might be

d) should be
5. He’s very quiet today. He ___ upset about something.

a) must be

b) must have been

c) can’t be

d) should have been

6. You ___ leave your bag unattended in this area. It’s not safe.

a) mustn’t

b) can’t have

c) should have

d) might

7. He ___ home. His car is still in the driveway.

a) must be

b) might have been

c) must have been

d) can’t be

8. You ___ call me. I was already on my way.

a) didn’t have to

b) mustn’t

c) shouldn’t

d) could

9. They ___ the documents by now. It’s been hours.

a) must have printed

c) should have been printed

d) can’t print

10. She ___ more careful. That accident could have been avoided.

a) might be

b) should have been

c) must be

d) can be

11. I ___ get a taxi easily last night because it was raining.

a) must

b) was able to

c) had to

d) have to

12. You ___ your keys at home. We looked everywhere.

a) should have left

b) must have left

c) must leave

d) can leave

13. We ___ wear helmets when riding bikes. It’s the law.

a) have to

b) can

c) should have
 d) must have

14. She ___ really tired; she’s been yawning all morning.

a) could be

b) might have been

c) can’t have been

d) ought to be

15. They ___ right now. It’s 2 a.m.!

a) must be working

b) can’t be working

c) should be working

d) have to be working

16. You ___ late to your own wedding! Be careful with the time.

a) shouldn’t be

b) might have been

c) can’t have been

d) must be

17. I ___ to the concert, but I decided to stay home.

a) am supposed to go

b) could have gone

c) must have gone

d) had to go
18. He ___ the email — he still doesn’t know the time.

a) might not have checked

b) must have checked

c) may be checking

d) must be checking

19. You ___ all the cookies! Now there’s nothing left.

a) might eat

b) should have eaten

c) must have eaten

d) can eat

20. That ___ the answer. It just doesn’t make sense!

a) can’t have been

b) must have been

c) should be

d) can't be

21. You ___ smoke in here. It’s a non-smoking zone.

a) must

b) can’t

c) mustn’t

d) might

22. The exam was difficult, but I ___ finish all the questions.

a) could have
 b) was able to

c) should have

d) could

23. She ___ submit the form today. It’s the last day.

a) doesn't have to

b) had to

c) can

d) is supposed to

24. You ___ more attention during the lecture. She missed the important parts

a) should have paid

b) can’t have pay

c) might pay

d) must pay

25. They ___ by now — the meeting started 30 minutes ago.

a) couldn't have arrived

b) must have arrived

c) might have arrive

d) shouldn't arrive

26. I ___ play the piano when I was a child, but I forgot everything now.

a) could

b) was able to

c) must
 d) should have

27. Even though it was dark, she ___ find her way back to the cabin.

a) must

b) could

c) was able to

d) might have

28. He tried hard, but he ___ solve the problem.

a) wasn't able to

b) could

c) couldn't

d) might

29. She ___ speak three languages fluently when she was only 10.

a) must

b) could

c) might

d) should

30. I ___ the project on time thanks to my team’s help. It was still very hard but the job was
done.

a) was able to finish

b) could finish

c) should have finished

d) could have finished

a) may be having

b) can’t be having

c) should be having

d) can't have

32. They ___ dinner right now — I can hear plates clinking.

a) might be having

b) must have had

c) should have

d) can’t have had

33. Why are you whispering? You ___ on a call?

a) must have been

b) can’t be

c) must be

d) should be

34. She ___ for the exam when I called her last night. That’s why she didn't pick up.

a) should have been studying

b) must be studying

c) must have studied

d) must have been studying

REWRITE SENTENCES
1. It wasn’t necessary for her to take a taxi. (have to)

→ She __________________________________ a taxi.

2. I’m sure they’re working on the report right now. (must)

→ They __________________________________ on the report right now.

3. It was wrong of me to forget her birthday. (should)

→ I __________________________________ her birthday.

4. Maybe he left his phone at the café. ( have)

→ He __________________________________ his phone at the café.

5. It was impossible for her to hear us over the noise. (could)

→ She __________________________________ us over the noise.

6. I managed to fix the printer on my own. (able to)

→ I __________________________________ the printer on my own.

7. It’s forbidden to enter this area without a helmet. (mustn’t)

→ You __________________________________ this area without a helmet.

→ We __________________________________ the meeting.

9. Perhaps she’s studying in the library. (could)

→ She __________________________________ in the library.

10. It’s not allowed to use flash in this museum. (can’t)

→ You __________________________________ flash in this museum.

11. It was possible for them to solve the problem, but they didn’t try. (could)

→ They __________________________________ the problem.

12. It’s against the rules to talk during the exam. (can’t)

→ You __________________________________ during the exam.

13. I'm sure he’s not telling the truth. (can’t)

→ He __________________________________ the truth.

14. It was necessary for me to renew my passport before travelling. (had to)

→ I __________________________________ my passport before travelling.

→ You __________________________________ the documents on the desk.

16. Maybe she forgot about the meeting. (might)

→ She __________________________________ about the meeting.

17. Luckily, we managed to finish the task before the deadline. (able to)

→ We __________________________________ the task before the deadline.

18. Everyone is expected to wear a uniform here. (be supposed to)

→ You __________________________________ a uniform here.

19. It’s not necessary for you to come early tomorrow. (have to)

→ You __________________________________ early tomorrow.

20. The manager didn't complete the form and it was his mistake. ( should )

→ The form __________________________________ by the manager.