GRADE XII MATHEMATICS

DISCUSSION CHAPTER 111111111111111

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES – RATE OF CHANGE OF QUANTITIES
DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0 ∙ 7 𝑐𝑚/𝑠. What is the rate of increase of its
circumference?
2. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed of 4cm per second. At
the instant, when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm, how fast is the enclosed area
increasing?
3. If the area of circle increases at a uniform rate, then prove that the perimeter varies inversely
as the radius.
4. The length 𝑥 of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm/minute and the width 𝑦 is
increasing at the rate of 4 cm/minute. When 𝑥 = 8cm and 𝑦 = 6cm, find the rates of change of
(a) the perimeter, and
(b) the area of the rectangle.
5. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the sides of two squares such that 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 . Find the change of the area of
second square with respect to the area of the first square.
6. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm
per second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base?
7. Find the rate of change of volume of a sphere with respect to its surface area when the radius is
2 cm.
8. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centimetres per second. How fast is the
surface area increasing when the length of an edge is 10 centimetres?
9. A balloon, which always remains spherical on inflation, is being inflated by pumping in 900
cubic centimetres of gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of the balloon increases
when the radius is 15 cm.
3
10. A balloon, which always remains spherical, has a variable diameter, 2 (2𝑥 + 1). Find the rate of
change of its volume with respect to 𝑥.
11. A spherical ball of salt is dissolving in water in such a manner that the rate of decrease of
volume at any instant is proportional to the surface. Prove that the radius is decrease at a
constant rate.
12. A particle moves along the curve 6𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which
the 𝑦 −coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the 𝑥 −coordinate.
13. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground,
away from the wall, at the rate of 2 cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the
foot of the ladder is 4 m away from the wall?
14. A man of height 2 metres walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/h away from a lamp post which is 6
metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases.
15. A car starts from a point 𝑃 at time 𝑡 = 0 second and stops at point 𝑄. The distance 𝑥, in metres,
𝑡
covered by it, in 𝑡 seconds is given by 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 (2 − 3). Find the time taken by it to reach at 𝑄 and
also find distance between 𝑃 and 𝑄.
16. A kite is 120 m high and 130 m of string is out. If the kite is moving away horizontally at the
rate of 52 m/sec, find the rate at which the string is being paid out.
17. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3 /s. The falling sand forms a cone on the
ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base.
How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
18. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical and vertex
lowermost. Its semi-vertical angle is tan−1(0 ∙ 5). Water is poured into it at a constant rate of 5
cubic metre per hour. Find the rate at which the level of the water is rising at the instant when
the depth of water in the tank is 4 m.
19. The total cost 𝐶(𝑥) in Rupees, associated with the production of 𝑥 units of an item is given
by, 𝐶(𝑥) = 0.005𝑥 3 − 0.02𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 5000. Find the marginal cost when 3 units are produced,
where by marginal cost we mean the instantaneous rate of change of total cost at any level of
output.
20. The total revenue in Rupees received from the sale of 𝑥 units of a product are given by, 𝑅(𝑥) =
13𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 + 15. Find the marginal revenue when 𝑥 = 7.
𝜋
21. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel of semi-vertical angle 4 at the uniform rate of 2
cm/sec in its surface area through a tiny hole at the vertex in the bottom. When the slant height
of the water is 4.cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant height of the water.
22. An inverted cone has a depth of 10 cm and a base of radius 5 cm. Water is poured into it at the
rate of 3/2 c.c. per minute. Find the rate at which the level of water in the cone is rising when
the depth is 4 cm.
2 1
23. A man 2 m tall, walks at the rate of 1 3 m/sec towards a street light which is 5 3 m above the
ground. At what rate is tip of his shadow moving? At what rate is the length of the shadow
1
changing when he is 3 3 m from the base of the light?
24. A swimming pool is to be drained for cleaning. If 𝐿 represents the number of litres of water in
the pool 𝑡 seconds after the pool has been plugged off to drain and 𝐿 = 200(10 − 𝑡)2 . How fast
is the water running out at the end of 5 seconds? What is the average rate at which the water
flows out during the first 5 seconds?
25. Show that the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 17 is strictly increasing on 𝑹.
26. Show that the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑥 is strictly increasing on 𝑹.
27. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑎 < 1 is strictly decreasing on 𝑹.
28. Determine the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0 is increasing or decreasing.
29. Prove that the logarithmic function is strictly increasing on (0, ∞).
30. Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = ln𝑎 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑎 < 1 is a decreasing function for all 𝑥 > 0.
31. Show that the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑹, is strictly increasing on 𝑹.
32. Prove that the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 is neither strictly increasing nor strictly
decreasing on (−1, 1).
𝑥
33. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑥 is increasing or decreasing

34. Let 𝐼 be any interval disjoint from [−1, 1]. Prove that the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
1
strictly increasing on 𝐼.
𝑥
1
35. Find the intervals in which the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, is
(i) Increasing (ii) Decreasing
36. Find the intervals in which the following functions are strictly increasing or decreasing:
(I) 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 1 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 − 3)3
37. Prove that the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 100 is increasing in 𝑹.
38. Find the intervals in which the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 7 is
(i) Strictly increasing
(ii) Strictly decreasing
3 4 36
39. Find intervals in which the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 𝑥 4 − 5 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 11 is
5
(i) Strictly increasing
(ii) Strictly decreasing
40. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)𝑒 −𝑥 is increasing or decreasing.
𝜋 𝜋
41. Prove that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 − 4𝑥 is strictly decreasing on (− 3 , 3 ).
42. Prove that the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 is
(a) Strictly decreasing in (0, 𝜋)
(b) Strictly increasing in (𝜋, 2𝜋)
(c) Neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 2𝜋).
43. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing
𝜋
44. Find intervals in which the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2 ], is
(i) Increasing
(ii) Decreasing.
45. Show that the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) , 𝑥 > 0 is always a strictly
𝜋
increasing function in (0, 4 ).
2𝑥
46. Show that 𝑦 = log(1 + 𝑥) − , 𝑥 > −1, is an increasing function of 𝑥 throughout its domain.
2+𝑥
4 sin 𝜃 𝜋
47. Prove that 𝑦 = 2+cos 𝜃 − 𝜃 is an increasing function of θ in [0, 2 ]
𝜋
48. Prove that the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = log(sin 𝑥) is strictly increasing on (0, 2 ) and strictly
𝜋
decreasing on ( 2 , 𝜋).
𝜋
49. Prove that the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = log(cos 𝑥) is strictly decreasing on (0, 2 ) and strictly
3𝜋
increasing on ( 2 , 2𝜋)

50. Find the values of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥 3 − 9𝑘𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 3 is increasing on 𝑹.

51. Find the value(s) of ′𝑎′ for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑎𝑥 is an increasing function on 𝑹.
52. Find the values of 𝑏 for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is a decreasing function on 𝑹.
53. Find the set of values of ‘𝑏’ for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏(𝑥 + cos 𝑥) + 4 is decreasing on 𝑹.
54. Write the set of values of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥 − sin 𝑥 is increasing on 𝑹.
55. Find the values of ‘𝑎’ for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 + 4 is increasing function on 𝑹.
56. Find the set of values of ‘𝑎’ for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is increasing on 𝑹.