ADJECTIVES

1. Types and Agreement

 Quality: good, bad, big, clever, heavy, smart, tall…

 Demonstrative: this, that, these, those.
 Distributive: each, every, either, neither…
 Quantitative: some, few, many, much, one, twelve…
 Interrogative: which, what, whose.
 Possessive: my, your, his, our, their…

Agreement: Adjectives don’t change with gender or number.

Exceptions: this → these, that → those.

 Examples: A smart boy → smart boys. / This pen → these pens.

2. Adjective Position

 Before a noun: A nice car; an interesting book; an honest boy.

 With multiple adjectives: When there are two or more
adjectives before a noun they are not usually separated by and
except when the last two are adjectives of color: A tall young man
(no "and"), but A black and white jacket; A red, green and white
flag.
 After verbs (be, seem, appear, look): Adjectives of quality,
however, can be placed after the verb be, seem, appear, look;
and is then placed between the last two adjectives: She is honest
and hard-working.

3. Adjectives as Nouns

Adjectives of quality and certain other adjectives describing human

character or condition can be preceded by ‘the’ and used as nouns.
These nouns represent a class of person:

 The rich = rich people → The rich are generous.

In this case, the adjectives have a plural meaning and are then followed
by a plural verb and the pronoun is ‘they’. Note that these expressions
refer to a group or class of persons considered in a general sense only. If
we wish to refer to a particular group it is necessary to add a noun:

 The young are usually impatient (a general statement).

 The young men are talking (particular young men).

4. Specific Adjective Types

  Demonstrative: This book is great. Those people are strangers.
 Distributive:
o Every (group-focused): Every worker knows what to do.
o Each (individual-focused): Each student received a prize.
o Neither (not one and not the other): Neither answer is
correct.
o Either (any one of two): You can choose either option.
 Quantitative:
o Many (plural countable): Many students passed.
o Much (uncountable): There isn’t much water.
o Some (positive): I need some sugar.
o Any (questions/negatives): Do you have any pencils?
o No/None: I have no pens. (= I don’t have any pens.)

ACTIVITY 1

I. Complete the sentences with the correct adjective.

1. The test was very ________ (easy / easily).

2. She is a ________ (clever / cleverly) girl.
3. I bought ________ (this / these) shoes yesterday.
4. There is not ________ (much / many) water left in the bottle.
5. ________ (Each / Every) student has to submit their homework on time.

II. Unscramble the words and make sentences.

1. (is / a / man / tall / He)

_______________________________________.
2. (That / an / is / interesting / book)

__________________________________.
3. (hard-working / be / should / Students)

_______________________________________.
4. (good / Neither / option / is)

_______________________________________.
5. (have / doesn’t / Camy / books / any)

_______________________________________.

III. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. These book is very interesting.

_______________________________________.
2. She bought much apples from the store.

_______________________________________.
3. The rich is very powerful in some countries.

_______________________________________.
4. I have some problem with my computer.

_______________________________________.
5. He has either two options for the trip.

_______________________________________.

IV. Match the words.

A B
1. A blue and red… a) are strong.
2. The young… b) pencil is on the table.
3. There isn’t much… c) water in the glass.
4. Every student… d) is correct.
5. Neither option… e) has a uniform.

V. Choose the correct adjective and complete the sentences.

1. My sister is very ____________ (tall / heavy / few). She can reach the
top shelf.
2. This problem is too ____________ (smart / difficult / small) for me to
solve alone.
3. We saw a ____________ (beautiful / much / either) sunset at the beach
yesterday.
4. There are ____________ (many / any / each) students in the classroom
today.
5. You should wear a ____________ (warm / twelve / whose) jacket
because it’s cold outside.

VI. Use "the" + an adjective to make statements.

Example: Rich people have a lot of money. → The rich have a lot of
money.

1. Old people need special care. → ______________ need special care.

2. Young people like to travel. → ______________ like to travel.
3. Sick people should stay at home. → ______________ should stay at
home.
4. Poor people often struggle financially. → ______________ often struggle
financially.
5. Blind people need assistance. → ______________ need assistance.

VII. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Ese coche rojo es muy rápido.

_______________________________________.
2. Necesito una respuesta clara y honesta.

_______________________________________.
3. Todos los estudiantes deben entregar su tarea a tiempo.

_______________________________________.
4. No tengo mucha paciencia con este tipo de problemas.

_______________________________________.
5. Aquellas casas grandes son muy caras.

_______________________________________.

VERB TENSES

Verb tenses show when an action took place, as well as how long it
occurred. The main verb tenses are the past, present, and future.

The standard tense in English is the present tense, which is usually just
the root form of the verb. The past and future tenses often require
changes or additions to the root form, such as the suffix –ed for the past
tense and the modal verb will for the future.
 English tenses examples: verb tenses chart

Past Present Future

I helped my neighbor I help my neighbor I will help my
Simple
yesterday. every day. neighbor tomorrow.
I will have helped my
I had helped my I have helped my
neighbor a hundred
Perfect neighbor clean his attic neighbor too much
times by the end of the
before I fixed his car. this week.
month.
I was helping my I am helping my I will be helping my
Continuous neighbor when neighbor while he neighbor next month
he brought me iced tea. fixes up his house. when he moves.
I had been helping my I have been
I will have been
Perfect neighbor for a year helping my
helping my neighbor
continuous before he finally thanked neighbor since I
for a year next month.
me. moved in.

ACTIVITY 2

Present Tenses Exercises

1. Present Simple: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of

the verb.
o I ___________ (study) English every day.
o She ___________ (work) at a hospital.
o They ___________ (live) in Mexico City.

2. Present Continuous: Choose the correct option.

o I ___________ (am/was) studying when you called.
o She ___________ (is/are) cooking dinner right now.
o They ___________ (are/was) playing soccer at the moment.

3. Present Perfect: Complete the sentences.

o I ___________ (finish) my homework already.
o She ___________ (never/visit) Paris.
o They ___________ (work) in the company for ten years.

4. Present Perfect Continuous: Choose the correct answer.

o I ___________ (have been/had been) studying for three hours.
o She ___________ (have been/had been) waiting for the bus for
20 minutes.
 o They ___________ (have been/had been) living here for five
years.

Past Tenses Exercises

1. Past Simple: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the
verb.
o I ___________ (study) all night for the test.
o Danna ___________ (work) at a restaurant last year.
o Leo and Jack ___________ (travel) to Europe last summer.

2. Past Continuous: Choose the correct option.

o I ___________ (was/were) reading when the phone rang.
o She ___________ (was/were) cooking dinner when I arrived.
o They ___________ (was/were) studying when the lights went
out.

3. Past Perfect: Complete the sentences.

o By the time we arrived, they ___________ (finish) their work.
o She ___________ (already/leave) when I got to the party.
o They ___________ (never/see) such a beautiful view before.

4. Past Perfect Continuous: Choose the correct answer.

o I ___________ (had been/have been) studying for two hours
when she called.
o They ___________ (had been/have been) playing soccer for an
hour before it started raining.
o He ___________ (had been/have been) working on the project
all day.

Future Tenses Exercises

1. Future Simple: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of

the verb.
o I ___________ (study) for the test tomorrow.
o She ___________ (fly) to New York next year.
o We ___________ (graduate) in June.

2. Future Continuous: Choose the correct option.

o I ___________ (will be/was) watching TV at 8 pm tonight.
o They ___________ (will be/were) working at the office
tomorrow.
 o We ___________ (will be/was) waiting for the bus when you
arrive.

3. Future Perfect: Complete the sentences.

o By the time you arrive, I ___________ (finish) my homework.
o She ___________ (learn) English by the time she moves to
London.
o They ___________ (complete) the project by next week.

4. Future Perfect Continuous: Choose the correct answer.

o By 5 pm, I ___________ (will have been/have been) studying
for six hours.
o She ___________ (will have been/have been) working at the
company for ten years by next month.
o We ___________ (will have been/have been) living in this
house for three years by next summer.

Mixed Tenses Exercises

1. Choose the correct tense (Present Simple, Present

Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous).
o I ___________ (study) English every day.
o Someone ___________ (see) my talk at the conference and
recommended me as a speaker.
o They ___________ (work) on a new project right now.
o She ___________ (already/finish) the report.
o We ___________ (live) in this city for five years.
o I ___________ (listen) to music at the moment.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (Past
Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect
Continuous).

o I ___________ (reading) a book when the power went out.

o She ___________ (already/finish) her homework when I called.
o They ___________ (work) at the company for ten years when
they decided to leave.
o We ___________ (wait) for the bus for an hour when it started
raining.

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct future tense (Future

Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect
Continuous).
o I ___________ (go) to the library tomorrow morning.
o By next year, she ___________ (finish) her degree.
o At 9 pm, I ___________ (work) on my project.
o We ___________ (live) in this city for five years by next month.