Internet Protocol:

MSBTE CAMPUS ACADEMY

( BEST ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORM )

BY :--VISHAL CHAVARE
 Internet Protocol:
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol that contains
addressing information and some control information that
enables packets to be routed.
 IP information is attached to each packet and this
information helps routers to send packets to the right place.
 Datagram Format:
 Data transmitted over an internet using IP is carried in
message called IP datagrams.
 The format of data that can be recognized by IP is called an
IP datagram.
 It consists of two components, namely, the header and data,
which need to be transmitted.
 Every field in the IP datagram has a fixed size except for the
IP Options field, which can be 20–60 bytes in length.
 Internet Protocol (IP) :→
 Internet Protocol (IP) :→
 The Internet protocol (IP) is the transmission mechanism
used by the TCPLIF protocols. following figure shows the
position of IP in the suite.
 Position of IP in TCP/IP Protocol suite

 Datagram

 Packets in the IP layer are cau datagrams. following figure

shows the Ip datagram format. A datagram is a vorriable
length packet, consisting of two parts:- header and data. The
header i's 20 to 60 bytes in length & contains information
essentia to routing and delivery. It is customary in TCP/IP to
show the header in 4-byte Section.
 Datagram Diagram

 Packets in the IP layer are cau datagrams. following figure

shows the Ip datagram format. A datagram is a vorriable
length packet, consisting of two parts:- header and data. The
header i's 20 to 60 bytes in length & contains information
essentia to routing and delivery. It is customary in TCP/IP to
show the header in 4-byte Section.
 Datagram Diagram
 Version ( VER) :-
The 4 bit field defines the version of the IP protocol , 4 or 6 version.
 Header length ( HLEN) :-
This 4 bit field defines the total length of the datagram header in 4 byte
words. This field is needed because the length of the header is variable
 Differentiated Services ( DS) :-
This field,previously called service type is now called Differentiated
Services
 Datagram Diagram
 Total Length :--
This is a 16 bit field that defines the total length of the IP datagram in bytes .
 Identification :--
This field is used in Fragmentation
 Flags :--
This field is used in fragmentation
 Fragmentation :--
This is also used in fragmentation.
 Time to live :--
A datagram has a limited lifetime in its travel through an internet .This field
was originally designed to hold a timestamp , which was decremented by each
visited router.
 Datagram Diagram
 Protocol :--
This 8 bit field defines the higher level protocol that uses the services of
the IP layer , An IP datagram can encapsulate data from several higher
level protocol such as TCP , UDP , ICMP & IGMP
Value Protocol
1 ICMP
2 IGMP
6 TCP
17 UDP
89 ASPF
Table : Protocol
 Datagram Diagram
 Checksum :--
The Error detection method used by most TCP /IP protocol is
called the checksum.
 Source Address :--
This 32 bit field defines the IP address of the source . This field
must remain unchanged during the time the IP datagram travels
From the source host to the destination host .
 Destination Address :--
This 32 bit field defines the IP address of the destination This
field must remains Unchanged during the time the IP datgram
travels from the source host to the destination host.
 Fragmentation
 A datagram can travel through different networks. Each router
decapsulates the IP datagram from the frame it recieves,
processes it, & then encapsulates it in another frame. The format
& size of the recieved frame depend on the protoc01 used by the
physical network through which the frame has just traveled. The
format & size of the Sent frame depend on the protocol used by
the physical network through which the frame i's going to travel .
 Example :-- If a router connects LAN to a WAN , it recives a
frame in the LAN format and sends a frames in the WAN format
 Options
 The header of the IP datagram is made of two partes :-A fixed
part & a variable part.
 Options , as the name implies are not required for a datagram.
 They can be used for network testing & debugging .
 Although options are not a required part of the IP software .
 This means that all implentations must be able to handle options
if they are present in the header
Options
 Options
 Code :-
The code field is 8 bits long & contains three subfield : copy ,
class & number
 Copy :--
This 1 bit subfield control the presence of the options in
fragmentations . If its values is 1 , it means the options must be
copied to all fragmets.
 Class :--
This 2 bit subfield defines the general purpose of the options.
When its values is 00 control.
 Options
 Number :--
This 5 bits subfield defines the type of options . Althogh 5 bits can
define up to 32 deifferent type , currently only 6 types are in use

00000 End of option

00001 No operation
00011 Loose source route
00100 Timestamp
00111 Record route
1001 Strict Source route
 Options
 Length :--
The length field defines total length of the options including the
code field and the length field itdelf.
 Data :--
The data field contains the data that specified options requires
like the length field . This field is not present in all options
types.
 Options
Types of Options