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Class 9 CBSE Chapter 2 Polynomials Full Notes

The document provides solutions to exercises on polynomials from NCERT, detailing which expressions qualify as polynomials in one variable and the reasoning behind it. It also includes evaluations of polynomials at specific values, verification of zeroes, and finding zeros of given polynomials. Additionally, it touches on the classification of polynomials by degree and includes value-based questions related to practical applications of polynomials.

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5 views25 pages

Class 9 CBSE Chapter 2 Polynomials Full Notes

The document provides solutions to exercises on polynomials from NCERT, detailing which expressions qualify as polynomials in one variable and the reasoning behind it. It also includes evaluations of polynomials at specific values, verification of zeroes, and finding zeros of given polynomials. Additionally, it touches on the classification of polynomials by degree and includes value-based questions related to practical applications of polynomials.

Uploaded by

kiruthiba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCERT Solutions: Polynomials (Exercise 2.

1)
Q1. Which of the following expressions are polynomials in one variable and which are not?
State reasons for your answer.
(i) 4x2–3x+7
Ans: The equation 4x2–3x+7 can be written as 4x2 – 3x1 + 7x0
Since x is the only variable in the given equation and the powers of x (i.e., 2, 1 and 0) are whole
numbers, we can say that the expression 4x2 – 3x + 7 is a polynomial in one variable.
(ii) y2+√2
Ans: The equation y2 + √2 can be written as y2 + √2y0
Since y is the only variable in the given equation and the powers of y (i.e., 2 and 0) are whole
numbers, we can say that the expression y2 + √2 is a polynomial in one variable.
(iii) 3√t + t√2
Ans: The equation 3√t + t√2 can be written as 3t1/2 + √2t.
Though t is the only variable in the given equation, the powers of t (i.e.,1/2) is not a whole number.
Hence, we can say that the expression 3√t + t√2 is not a polynomial in one variable.
(iv) y + 2/y
Ans: The equation y + 2/y can be written as y + 2y-1
Though y is the only variable in the given equation, the powers of y (i.e.,-1) is not a whole number.
Hence, we can say that the expression y + 2/y is not a polynomial in one variable.
(v) x10 + y3 + t50
Ans: Here, in the equation x10 + y3 + t50
Though the powers, 10, 3, 50, are whole numbers, there are 3 variables used in the expression x10 +
y3 + t50.Hence, it is not a polynomial in one variable.

Q2. Write the coefficients of x2 in each of the following.


Q5. Classify the following as linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials:
Ans: We know that, Linear polynomial: A polynomial of degree one is called a linear polynomial
Quadratic polynomial: A polynomial of degree two is called a quadratic polynomial.
Cubic polynomial: A polynomial of degree three is called a cubic polynomial.
(vii) 7x3
Ans: The highest power of 7x is 3
The degree is 3 Hence, 7x3 is a cubic polynomial.

NCERT Solutions: Polynomials (Exercise 2.2)

Q1. Find the value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at (i) x = 0 (ii) x = –1 (iii) x = 2
Ans: Let f(x) = 5x−4x2+3
(i) When x = 0 f(0) = 5(0)-4(0)2+3 = 3
(ii) When x = -1 f(x) = 5x−4x2+3 f(−1) = 5(−1)−4(−1)2+3 = −5–4+3 = −6
(iii) When x = 2 f(x) = 5x−4x2+3 f(2) = 5(2)−4(2)2+3 = 10–16+3 = −3
Q2. Find p(0), p(1) and p(2) for each of the following polynomials:

Ans: p(y) = y2–y+1 ∴ p(0) = (0)2− (0) + 1 = 1


(i) p(y) = y2− y + 1

p(1) = (1)2– (1) + 1 =1


p(2) = (2)2–(2) + 1 = 3
(ii) p(t) = 2 + t + 2t2− t3
Ans: p(t) = 2 + t + 2t2− t3
p(0) = 2 + 0 + 2(0)2– (0)3= 2
p(1) = 2 + 1 + 2(1)2– (1)3= 2 + 1 + 2 – 1 = 4
p(2) = 2 + 2 + 2(2)2– (2)3= 2 + 2 + 8 – 8 = 4
(iii) p(x) = x3
Ans: p(0) = (0)3 = 0
p(1) = (1)3 = 1
p(2) = (2)3 = 8
(iv) P(x) = (x − 1) (x + 1)
Ans: p(0) = (0 – 1)(0 + 1) = (−1)(1) = –1
p(1) = (1 – 1)(1 + 1) = 0(2) = 0
p(2) = (2 – 1)(2 + 1) = 1(3) = 3
Q3. Verify whether the following are zeroes of the polynomial, indicated against them.
(i) p(x) = 3x + 1, x = −1/3
Ans: For, x = -1/3, p(x) = 3x+1
p(−1/3) = 3(-1/3)+1 = −1+1 = 0
-1/3 is a zero of p(x).
(ii) p(x) = 5x – π, x = 4/5
Ans: For, x = 4/5, p(x) = 5x – π p(4/5) = 5(4/5) - π = 4-π 4/5 is not a zero of p(x).
2
(iii) p(x) = x − 1, x = 1, −1
Ans: For, x = 1, −1;
p(x) = x2−1 p(1) = 12− 1 = 1 − 1 = 0 p(−1) = (-1)2− 1 = 1 − 1 = 0 1, −1 are zeros of p(x).
(iv) p(x) = (x+1)(x–2), x =−1, 2
Ans: For, x = −1,2; p(x) = (x+1)(x–2)
p(−1) = (−1+1)(−1–2) = (0)(−3) = 0
p(2) = (2+1)(2–2) = (3)(0) = 0 −1,2 are zeros of p(x).
(v) p(x) = x2, x = 0
Ans: For, x = 0 p(x) = x2
p(0) = 02 = 0 0 is a zero of p(x).
(vi) p(x) = lx + m, x = −m/l
Ans: For, x = -m/l ; p(x) = lx+m
p(-m/l)= l(-m/l)+m = −m+m = 0 -m/l is a zero of p(x).
2
(vii) p(x) = 3x −1, x = -1/√3 , 2/√3
Ans: For, x = -1/√3 , 2/√3 ; p(x) = 3x2−1
p(-1/√3) = 3(-1/√3)2-1 = 3(1/3)-1 = 1-1 = 0
p(2/√3 ) = 3(2/√3)2-1 = 3(4/3)-1 = 4−1=3 ≠ 0
-1/√3 is a zero of p(x) but 2/√3 is not a zero of p(x).
(viii) p(x) =2x + 1, x = 1/2
Ans: For, x = 1/2 p(x) = 2x + 1
p(1/2) = 2(1/2) + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 ≠ 0
1/2 is not a zero of p(x).
Q4. Find the zero of the polynomial in each of the following cases:

Ans: p(x) = x + 5 ⇒ x + 5 = 0 ⇒ x = −5
(i) p(x) = x + 5

∴ -5 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x)

Ans: p(x) = x − 5 ⇒ x − 5 = 0 ⇒ x = 5
(ii) p(x) = x – 5

∴ 5 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x)

Ans: p(x) = 2x + 5 ⇒ 2x+5 = 0 ⇒ 2x = −5 ⇒ x = -5/2


(iii) p(x) = 2x + 5

∴ x = -5/2 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x).

Ans: p(x) = 3x–2 ⇒ 3x − 2 = 0 ⇒ 3x = 2 ⇒x = 2/3


(iv) p(x) = 3x–2

∴ x = 2/3 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x).

Ans: p(x) = 3x ⇒ 3x = 0 ⇒ x = 0
(v) p(x) = 3x

∴ 0 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x).

Ans: p(x) = ax ⇒ ax = 0 ⇒ x = 0
(vi) p(x) = ax, a ≠ 0

∴ x = 0 is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x).

Ans: p(x) = cx + d ⇒ cx + d =0 ⇒ x = -d/c


(vii) p(x) = cx + d, c ≠ 0, c, d are real numbers.

∴ x = -d/c is a zero polynomial of the polynomial p(x)


NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 - Polynomials (Exercise 2.4)
Value-Based Questions: Polynomials
Q2. Shivansh owns a rectangular garden that has area. He wants to estimate the length and width of the garden
in order to estimate how many tree seedshe can sow along the boundary of the garden .(i) Find the length and
width of the garden.(ii) Which mathematical concept is involved in this problem?(iii) By trees what quality did
Shivansh exhibit ?
Previous Year Questions
Unit Test (Solutions): Polynomials

Time: 1 hour M.M. 30


Attempt all questions.
Question numbers 1 to 5 carry 1 mark each.
Question numbers 6 to 8 carry 2 marks each.
Question numbers 9 to 11 carry 3 marks each.
Question number 12 & 13 carry 5 marks each
Q1: Which of the following is a polynomial in one variable? (1 Mark)
(iv) 𝑝(𝑎)≠0
Q5: The factor theorem states that x−a is a factor of the polynomial p(x) if: (1 Mark)

Ans: (c) According to the factor theorem, 𝑥−𝑎 is a factor of a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) if and only if 𝑝(𝑎)=0.
(i)p(a)=1 (ii) p(a)=a (iii) p(a)=0

This means that if you substitute 𝑎 into the polynomial and the result is zero, then 𝑥−𝑎 is a factor of
the polynomial.

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