1. BIOLOGY
1. BIOLOGY
WARRIOR- LYSOSOMES
TYPES OF ORGANISM
As we all know, there are many types of -Gives additional support to the cell,
cell but despite of their differences a prevent water loss and enclose the cell to
typical cell is consist of three major avoid the invasion of pathogens.
parts.
Cytoplasm
As we all know, there are many types of
cell but despite of their differences a -Cytoplasm lies between the cell
typical cell is consist of three major membrane and nucleus.
parts.
-Consist of a jelly-like substance.
1. Cell membrane / Plasma Membrane
-Also consist of cytosol, organelles and
2. Cell nucleus inclusions.
-Can be found in cytoplasm and Rough -This is the location wherein energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum produces by synthesis of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)
2. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
-Organelle responsible for cellular
Interconnected tubes and flattened sacs respiration, conversion of energy
(cisternae) that transports vesicles to originating from simple sugar and lipids
carry different substances. into ATP energy. It regulates cellular
metabolism.
Comes in two types:
5. VACUOLES
1. Smooth ER- has a NO ribosomes
in its flattened body. It detoxify -Single membranous sac that stores
drugs and synthesize non-protein materials and water, releasing of cellular
waste products, conducts intercellular
substance.
digestion, maintaining hydrostatic
2. Rough ER- has a ribosomes in its pressure.
8. PEROXISOMES
-Are membranous sacs that containing Different Plastids and their coloring
oxidative enzymes for the function of pigments
detoxifying harmful substance
a. Chloroplastids - green pigment .
9. CYTOSKELETON
b. Chromoplastids - colored
-Composed of collective network of
pigment like red, yellow and orange.
protein filamentous, thread-like structure
called microtubules, microfilaments a. Carotenoids – Orange
which produce a strong ability to
support and maintain the cell shape. b. Anthocyanin – Red or Blue
-Present only in animal cell, a pair of -These are long thread stands
centrioles are found inside centrosome associated with protein materials that
which replicates when the cell divides. suddenly coiled, appear thicker, denser
and shorter when cells divide.
Part of nucleus
-COMPOSED OF DNA.
1.NUCLEAR ENVELOPE/MEMBRANE
-Also bounded with protein which serves
- Consists of two-membranous layered as packaging of deoxyribonucleic acid
that covers the entire Nucleus and (DNA) that controls the hereditary
separate the nuclear material from the characteristics.
cytoplasm.
Other parts
- It contains thread-like materials called
chromatin which is located in a darker 1.FLAGELLA
area of the nucleus.
-are cytoplasmic projections that made
of two central and nine pairs of
by: Ma. Cristina De Ocampo
STEM Society VP
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Neuroglia
-Striated Involuntary Muscle
BENIGN TUMOR
CANCER TREATMENT
Because a transformed cell grows
THREE (3) MAIN TYPES OF CANCER
abnormally, the immune system
TREATMENT
normally recognizes and destroys it.
1. PROPHASE I
Characteristics of MEIOSIS
Chromosomes become thick and visible.
1. It results in daughter cells having
the number of chromosomes Chromosomes of each homologous pair
(haploid number) of the parent are tangled together.
cell.
2. The resulting daughter cells in Each pair consists of a total of four
meiosis are not alike. They do not chromatids, because each chromosomes
have the same exact copies of in the pair had replicated before meiosis
chromosomes. began.
3. Produces four (4) daughter cells.
CROSSING OVER- is the exchange of
4. Occurs only in reproductive cells
genes between pairs of homologous
of ovaries and testes.
chromosomes.
DIPLOID CELL- a cell that contains two
2. METAPHASE I
complete sets or homologous pairs of
chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes are still
together.
DIPLOID NUMBER- the number of
chromosomes in a diploid cell. Represent The pairs of chromosomes are arranged
by “2N”. in the middle of the cell.
-A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
is a difference in concentration of
a certain substance in one area
and the concentration in another
adjacent area.
by: Ma. Cristina De Ocampo
STEM Society VP
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Maintains HOMEOSTASIS.