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12 principles of animation

The 12 principles of animation, established by Disney animators, serve as essential guidelines for creating realistic and engaging animated movements. These principles include concepts such as Squash and Stretch, Anticipation, Staging, and Exaggeration, among others, each contributing to the overall effectiveness of animation. Understanding and applying these principles can enhance the quality and appeal of animated works.

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5 views3 pages

12 principles of animation

The 12 principles of animation, established by Disney animators, serve as essential guidelines for creating realistic and engaging animated movements. These principles include concepts such as Squash and Stretch, Anticipation, Staging, and Exaggeration, among others, each contributing to the overall effectiveness of animation. Understanding and applying these principles can enhance the quality and appeal of animated works.

Uploaded by

labubuka3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12 principles of animation

The 12 principles of animation, developed by Disney animators, are fundamental guidelines for
creating realistic and engaging animated movements. These principles include: Squash and
Stretch, Anticipation, Staging, Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose, Follow Through and
Overlapping Action, Slow In and Slow Out, Arcs, Secondary Action, Timing, Exaggeration, Solid
Drawing, and Appeal.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

1.

1. Squash and Stretch:

This principle involves exaggerating the deformation of objects as they move, making them
appear more flexible and dynamic. For example, a bouncing ball would squash on impact and
stretch as it rises.

2.

2. Anticipation:

This prepares the audience for an action by showing a preliminary movement. For instance, a
character crouching before jumping.

3.
3. Staging:

This refers to the clarity of an action or scene. It involves using composition, camera angles, and
other elements to guide the viewer's eye and ensure the action is easily understood.

4. 4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose:

These are two different approaches to animation. Straight ahead action involves drawing each
frame sequentially, while pose to pose involves sketching key poses first and then filling in the
in-betweens.

5. 5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action:

This principle adds realism by showing how different parts of a character or object move at
different paces. For example, a character's hair or clothes might continue moving even after the
character has stopped.

6. 6. Slow In and Slow Out:

This principle adds realism by having objects accelerate and decelerate gradually, rather than
moving at a constant speed.

7. 7. Arcs:

This principle suggests that most natural movements follow curved paths rather than straight
lines, adding fluidity and realism.

8.

8. Secondary Action:

This refers to actions that complement the main action, adding depth and detail. For example, a
character might tap their foot while thinking.

9. 9. Timing:

This principle involves the duration of an action, which can affect its perceived weight and
impact.

10.
10. Exaggeration:

This principle involves exaggerating movements and expressions to make them more visually
appealing and impactful.

11.

11. Solid Drawing:

This principle emphasizes the importance of strong drawing skills, ensuring characters and
objects have volume, weight, and believable anatomy.

12.

12. Appeal:

This principle focuses on creating characters that are engaging and memorable for the
audience.

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