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Group 7

This document provides a comprehensive overview of exponential functions, including their definition, historical background, and fundamental properties. It highlights the significance of exponential functions in various fields and includes differentiation rules and example problems of varying difficulty levels. The paper aims to enhance understanding of exponential functions through theoretical explanations and practical applications.

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Gilmark Repulda
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3 views7 pages

Group 7

This document provides a comprehensive overview of exponential functions, including their definition, historical background, and fundamental properties. It highlights the significance of exponential functions in various fields and includes differentiation rules and example problems of varying difficulty levels. The paper aims to enhance understanding of exponential functions through theoretical explanations and practical applications.

Uploaded by

Gilmark Repulda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education


DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

TOPIC:
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Group No.7
Members:
CASTRO, SAMUEL MATTHEW
MERCADO, RIC VINCE C.
OCAYA, XAUEN KURT P.
PINEDA, AMYR JOSH V.
ROQUE, JETHRO LEIGH IROZBEL R.

Submitted to:
Engr. Gilmark P. Repulda
Instructor

Page 1 | 7
a. Preface

The exponential function is a cornerstone of mathematics, with


applications spanning natural sciences, engineering, and
economics. This document aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of the exponential function, its historical
development, and its fundamental properties. By exploring its
definition, historical evolution, and conceptual framework,
this paper seeks to foster a deeper understanding of this
critical mathematical tool, bridging theoretical knowledge with
practical applications

b. Introduction

● Definition
The exponential function is defined as a mathematical
function in the form f(x) = ax, where a > 0 and a ≠ 1. A
special case occurs when a = e, where e (Euler's number)
is an irrational constant approximately equal to 2.718.
The exponential function is unique because its derivative
is proportional to the value of the function itself,
expressed as d/dx(ex)= ex. This property makes it pivotal
in growth and decay processes across various disciplines.

● Historical Background

The exponential function traces its origins to the 17th


century with the work of John Napier, who developed the
concept of logarithms to simplify calculations. Napier’s
work laid the groundwork for linking logarithmic and
exponential concepts. Over the 18th century,
mathematicians like Euler unified these ideas, introducing
the constant eee and formalizing exponential growth's
mathematical representation. By the 19th century, further
generalizations allowed the exponential function to extend
beyond real numbers into complex domains, leading to
significant advancements in analysis and its applications
in fields like physics and engineering (Cajori, 1913).

● Concept of Exponential Function

The exponential function is fundamental in describing


phenomena characterized by rapid changes, such as
population growth, radioactive decay, and compound
Page 2 | 7
interest. It is defined not only as ex but also through its
series expansion:

which converges for all real and complex values of xx.


This series highlights the function's continuous and
smooth nature. Mathematically, the exponential function
satisfies the property ex+y = ex ⋅ ey emphasizing its
consistency in various transformations.

c. Derivation of Formulas

● Differentiation of Exponential Functions


𝑥
An exponential function is expressed mathematically as 𝑎 ,
where 𝑎 is constant and 𝑥 is a variable. The derivative of
𝑥
𝑎 with respect to 𝑥 is given in calculus as:

𝑑 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
(𝑎 )

Alternatively, this can be written as:

𝑥 '
(𝑎 )

𝑥
The derivative of 𝑎 with respect to 𝑥 is equal to the
𝑥
product of 𝑎 and the natural logarithm of 𝑎, represented
as:

𝑑 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
(𝑎 ) = 𝑎 𝑙𝑛 𝑎

This is known as the differentiation rule for exponential


functions, and it is used to calculate the derivative of
any exponential expression.
Page 3 | 7
➢ Graphical Illustrations
—--
➢ Detailed explanations
—--

d. Example problems

● Level of Difficulty: Easy (2 Items)

2𝑥
1. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥

𝑙𝑛 (4𝑥)
2. 𝑦 = 𝑒

● Level of Difficulty: Medium (4 Items)

2 3𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
1. 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥
𝑒

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑥
2. 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥
: 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑦𝑒 = 1

3
𝑥
3. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒

−2𝑥
4. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 3𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

● Level of Difficulty: Hard (4 Items)

1. Suppose that a stock’s price is rising at the rate of 7% per


year, and that it continues to increase at this rate. If the
value of one share of this stock is $43 now, find the value of
one share of this stock three years from now.

Page 4 | 7
2. A radioactive substance has a half-life of one week. In other
words, at the end of every week the level of radioactivity is
half of its value at the beginning of the week. The initial
level of radioactivity is 20 counts per second. Find the
radioactivity left after three weeks.

3. Paul invests $360 in an account that pays 7.25% compounded


annually.
a. What is the total amount in the account after 12 years?
b. If Paul invests an equal amount in an account that pays 5%
compounded quarterly (four times a year), what will be the
amount in that account after 12 years?
c. Which is the better investment?

4. The central processing unit (CPU) power in computers has


increased significantly over the years. The CPU power in
Macintosh computers has grown exponentially from 8 MHz in 1984
to 3400 MHz in 2013 (Source: Apple). The exponential function:
𝑡
𝑀(𝑡) = 7. 91477(1. 26698)
where t is the number of years after 1984, can be used to
estimate the CPU power in a Macintosh computer in a given year.
Find the CPU power of a Macintosh Performa 5320CD in 1995 and
of an iMac G6 in 2009. Round to the nearest one MHz.

Page 5 | 7
REFERENCES:

Bourne, M. (n.d). Derivative of the Exponential Function.


Interactive Mathematics. Interactive Mathematics. Retrieved from:
https://www.intmath.com/differentiation-transcendental/6-derivative-e
xponential.php Retrieved last: December 03, 2024

Cajori, F. (1913). History of the exponential and logarithmic


concepts. The American Mathematical Monthly, 20(7), 205–210. Retrieved
from: https://doi.org/10.2307/2974104 Retrieved last: December 03,
2024

Cayabyab, J. (2023). Examples of Logarithmic and Exponential


Functions. Ln, exponential functions, 11. Retrieved from:
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Dawkins, P. (2022). Calculus I - Derivatives of Exponential and


Logarithm Functions. Paul’s Online Notes. Retrieved from:
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“Derivative of Exponential Function”, (n.d). Cuemath. Retrieved


from:
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“Derivative of Exponential Functions”, (n.d). Textbook.


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Gloag, A., Rawley, E., & Gloag, A. (2024). Applications of


Exponential Functions. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from:
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-algebra-i-concepts/section/8.1
2/primary/lesson/applications-of-exponential-functions-alg-i/?fbclid=
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Sekhon, R. & Bloom, R. (n.d). Application Problems with


Exponential and Logarithmic Functions. De Anza College: LibreText
Mathematics. Retrieved from:
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https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Applied_Mathematics/Applied_F
inite_Mathematics_(Sekhon_and_Bloom)/05%3A_Exponential_and_Logarithmi
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Logarithmic Functions. Calculus Volume 1. Retrieved from:
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2024

Repulda, G. (2024). Review of Exponential Functions. Exponential


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