Exper

iment
1-
HYDROMETER

AI
M:Tof
indt
hespeci
fi
cgr
avi
tyoft
hegi
venl
i
qui
dsusi
nghy
dromet
er.

APPARATUS:Hydr
omet
er,
1000ml
measur
ingj
ar.

THEORY:

Fi
gur
e1.
1:Wor
kingofahy
dromet
er

Ahydr ometeri
saninstr
umentwhosef unct
ioni
sbasedonArchi
medespr
inci
ple.Thi
spri
ncipl
e
statesthatabody( thehydrometer)immer sedinafl
uidisbuoyedupbyaf orceequal
tothewei ghtofthedispl
acedf l
uid.Thehy dr
ometermeasur est
heweightoft heli
quid
displacedbyt hevolumeoft hehydromet er
.

Specifi
cGr avi
tyisadi mensi onl
essunitdefinedast herati
oofdensi t
yoft hemat eri
alto
thedensityofwat er.Ifthedensityofthesubst anceofinterestandt her eference
substance( water)areknowni nthesameuni ts(e.g.
,bothing/ 3
cm orl b/f 3
t) ,t
hent he
specif
icgrav i
tyofthesubst ancei sequaltoitsdensit
ydividedbyt hatoft her eference
substance( water=1g/ cm3),henceThegreat
erthedensit
y,t
het i
ghterorcloserthemol ecul
es
arepackedinsi
dethesubst ance.

Theref
ore,
thegr
eatert
hedensi
ty/speci
fi
cgr
avi
tyofal
i
qui
dthehi
gherahy
dromet
er
wil
lbebuoyedbyit
.

PROCEDURE:

1. Fi
ll
yourhydr
ometerj
arabout¾wit
htheli
qui
dy ouwi sht
otest.(Fi
gure1.1)
2. I
nsertt
hehydromet
erslowl
y.(
Not
e:Donotdropitin)
3. Nowgivei
taspinwi
thyourt
humbandi
ndexfi
nger,
thiswil
ldi
slodgeanybubbl
est
hat
 mayhav efor
med.
4. Oncet
hehydrometercomestoarest,obser
vethepl
aneofthel
i
quidsurf
ace.Youreye
mustbehor i
zontaltothi
splane.
5. Thepointatwhichthisli
necutsthehy drometerscal
eisyourreadi
ng.

OBSERVATI
ONS:
S.No Li qui
dSampl
etaken Densi
tyoft
hesampl
e(gm/
ml)
1 Wat er 1
2 Diesel .
828
3 Petrol .
776

CALCULATI
ON:
Speci
fi
cgr
avi
ty=Densityofsampl
e/Densi
tyofwat
er
Speci
fi
cgr
avi
tyofwater=1
Speci
fi
cgr
avi
tyofdi
esel =0.
828
Speci
fi
cgr
avi
tyofpet
rol =0.
776

RESULT:
Thedensi
tyofgi
vensampl
eofl
i
qui
d(wat
er,
diesel
,
pet
rol)ar
e1,
0.
828,
0.
776 gm/
ml

CONCLUSI
ON:

QUESTI
ON:
Whydoesl
i
qui
dlay
err
iseupal
ongt
hehy
dromet
eratt
hei
nter
face?

Ans:
-Becauseofupwar
dfor
ceofl
i
qui
d(buoy
ancyf
orce)
.